[EN] In the past decade, countries whose markets needed seasonal labour have sought new ways of importing foreign workers through channelling and recruitment programmes in countries of origin. This article seeks to demonstrate that, in the case of Spain, the effective development of this process has only been possible because of a flexible and dynamic system in which bilateral agreements have played a major role, among them those signed with some Latin American countries. Flexible management of these programmes has been implemented via legislation, via the institutions and actors involved, and via the immigrants themselves, who have managed (or been forced) to adapt to the changes of a labour market conditioned by the globalisation of labour and capital ; [ES] En la primera década del siglo xxi, los países con mercados de trabajo necesitados de mano de obra estacional buscaron fórmulas para importar trabajadores extranjeros a través de programas de canalización y reclutamiento en origen. Este artículo busca mostrar que, en España, el desarrollo efectivo de esta vía solo ha sido posible en un marco flexible y dinámico de gestión, en el que han tenido un papel determinante los acuerdos bilaterales firmados con ciertos países, incluyendo algunos latinoamericanos. En definitiva, sobre la base de una legislación, unas instituciones y actores implicados, y unos inmigrantes que han sabido, o se han visto obligados, a adaptarse a los cambios que conlleva un mercado de trabajo condicionado por la globalización del trabajo y del capital. ; Peer reviewed
La atención a desastres naturales ha cobrado un protagonismo inusitado en la agenda de seguridad latinoamericana. En gran parte, esto se debe a la reconfiguración de la amenaza producida tras el fin de la Guerra Fría y a los cuestionamientos que ha recibido la política de seguridad de Estados Unidos en la región. Frente a este panorama, Washington ha buscado instalar nuevas temáticas de cooperación que permitan mantener su presencia en la región. Con base en ello, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso de securitización de los desastres naturales como asunto de cooperación regional, comparando las iniciativas surgidas a escala hemisférica y sudamericana. ; The attention placed on natural disaster has obtained an unusual relevance in the security agenda of Latin America. In great part, this is due to the reconfiguration of threats produced after the Cold War and the questioning of the security policies of the United States in the region. In this context, Washington has sought to install new themes of cooperation that will allow it to maintain its presence in the region. The aim of this article is to analyze the securitization of natural disasters as an issue of regional cooperation, comparing the initiatives undertaken at the hemispherical and regional level. ; A atenção aos desastres naturais recebeu um protagonismo inédito na agenda de segurança na América Latina. Em grande parte, isso é resultado da reconfiguração das ameaças produzidas após fim da Guerra Fria e pelas críticas à política de segurança dos Estados Unidos na região. Neste panorama, Washington tem procurado instalar novos temas de cooperação que lhe permitem manter sua presença na região. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de securitização dos desastres naturais como assunto da cooperação regional, comparando as iniciativas que surgiram a escala hemisférica e sul-americana.
"Did Latin American communists have stronger roots in the worldwide movement or in the historical developments of their own countries? This collection uses a transnational lens to examine the relationships of the region's local parties with each other, international counterparts, and outside groups dedicated to anti-imperialism, women's rights, and other causes. Part One's essays explore the era from the Bolshevik Revolution through 1943. Topics include the failed connection between Mexican communists and the Comintern, Black migrant workers and the Caribbean labor movement, race relations in Cuba, Latin American communists in the USSR, and Luís Carlos Prestes and the Brazilian Communist Party. Part Two focuses on the Cold War years to look at Soviet peace activism networks in Latin America, Guatemala's communist women before the 1954 coup, Puerto Rico's communist party, transnational student groups, and international influences on Salvadoran guerrillas. Insightful and expert, Transnational Communism across the Americas illuminates the various Latin American communist parties and their milieus, programs, and policies"--
AHHOTanHA: DTa CratbA OCBellaeT HEKOTOpPble rpaHu cnopa, KOTOPbIi npo- w30mén B ApreHTHHe BOKPyr OTKPbITOTO NHcbMa (bunocoda Ockapa Tens bap- KO B KYypHaye «La intemperie» 0 STHKO-NOMMTHYeCKON CTOpoHe BOOpyxXEHHOM OoppOsr B JIatHHcKkoit AMepuxe B 1960 — 1970 rr. Onmpasc Ha JoTocpodHyto vcTOpHyeckyro MepcnekruBy HW uarexTuky Mepso-Ioxtn, aprop paccmarpu- BaeT IIPOLecc, KOTOPHIM MpuBE JICBIX, HMCBLIMX KOPHU B ryMaHMCTHMYeCcKoON Tpanuunn XIX B., K IpHATHIO peBOJIONMOHHOTO HacuuiMa. Kpntuka HacwiMa He MOF ObITb CBEJCHO K JIMINb MOPaJIbHOMY OCYy2KCHHIO, Baad B PUCK ac- CMBHOrO OcyxXTeHHA 3a. PeBomiOuMOHHbIM TyMaHH3M MOxKeT MpHOeraTh K HACHJIMIO, HO B OCOObIx UCTOPHYECKUX YCOBHAX HM B OMpezenéHHOH copme. B CTATbe pacCCMaTpHBaIOTCA MOPabHO-3TH4eCKHe HU NOUMTH4eCKHe MOcTeACTBUA TepHsIb MOHTOHEepoc B ApreHTHHe B 70-e TOAbI WIA NabHelilero pa3sBuTHA JICBBIX B 9TOH CTpaHe. ; El articulo presenta y analiza diversos aspectos del debate que se desató en la Argentina a raíz de la carta abierta del filósofo Oscar del Barco pubicada en la revista "La Intemperie" en el año 2004, en la que se reconsideraba críticamente la dimensión ético-política de la lucha armada en America Latina en los años 1960-1970. Basándose en una retrospectiva histórica a largo plazo e inspirándose en la dialéctica de Merleau-Ponty (Humanismo y Terror), el autor analiza el proceso que llevó a las izquierdas que hundían sus raíces intelectuales en la tradición humanística del siglo XIX a la aceptación de la violencia revolucionaria, incluso en sus versiones más instrumentales y antihumanistas. ; This article highlights some of the faces of the dispute, which took place in Argentina around the open letter of the philosopher Oscar del Barco in the journal «La Intemperie» about the ethical and political aspects of armed struggle in Latin America in 1960 - 1970. Based on a long-term historical perspective and dialectics Merleau-Ponty, the author examines the process that led the left, had its roots in the humanistic tradition of the XTX century, to accept the revolutionary violence. Criticism of violence could not be reduced to a moral condemnation, the risk of falling into a passive condemnation of evil. The article deals with ethical and political implications of guerrilla Montoneros ; Fil: Paglione, Horacio Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Centro de Documentación e Investigación de la Cultura de Izquierda en Argentina; Argentina
International migration has long been considered the preserve of working-age adults. However, the rapid diversification of the elderly population calls for increased attention to the migration patterns of this group and its possible motivations. This study examines whether Latin American immigrants who are primary Social Security beneficiaries are more likely to return to their home countries during later life if they receive lower Social Security benefits. Using a regression discontinuity approach on restricted data from the U.S. Social Security Administration (N=1,515), this study presents the results of a natural experiment whereby the Social Security Administration unexpectedly lowered the Social Security benefits of the 1917-1921 birth cohorts due to a miscalculation in the benefit-calculation formula. Results suggest that approximately 10% of primary Social Security beneficiaries from Latin America born close to these dates return migrated, the probability of which was not affected by Social Security benefit levels.
This introductory essay illustrates the context, clarifies the relevance, and outlines the key themes of this Special Issue on "Latin American Perspectives on Datafication and Artificial intelligence". It starts pointing out that so far, the engagement of Latin American scholarship in the exploration of data technologies and the rise of intelligent systems has been limited. However, it is argued, Latin American traditions in both research and praxis have much to offer to our understanding of the evolution of the information ecosystem. We propose to map different Latin American perspectives on datafication and AI using an analytical matrix structured along two theme lines, that is three building blocks (infrastructure, imaginaries, practices) and three interpretative lenses (decoloniality and race, feminist theory, pluriversal thinking). Then, we reflect on two procedural issues: the need to consider this Special Issue as a conversation-starter, and the importance of having this conversation in multiple languages and in an open access format. We conclude providing an outline of the various contributions of the Special Issue. Authors address algorithms from the south and coloniality, datafication and corruption, data activism, AI and journalism, and platform labor in the context of Latin America and drawing on Latin American theoretical contributions
Diplomatic recognition of the Palestinian state has made significant progress in recent years, including in Latin America. In the specific case of South America, all but one of the states have already extended some type of diplomatic recognition to Palestine. As a central issue of the Montevideo Convention on Statehood, the discussion of the meaning of diplomatic recognition in the current state system with its importance surfaces once again. The central theme of this paper is an examination of the process and explanations for South American states' provision of diplomatic recognition to Palestine, especially given by leftist governments but not necessarily as a result of a specific ideological orientation, while a single country, Colombia, part of the same cultural-geographical region, and even though attached to the same principles of the international law and decisions made by the United Nations, has not provided it. ; Requerimientos de sistema: Adobe Acrobat Reader
From a critical analysis it was studied the relationship between the PEMP and the tourism sustainability of Cartagena de Indias, being this document a tool of administration and management required to ensure development, joining efforts with a global vision for Latin America and the Caribbean, a study carried out through the Participation in different events organized from governmental estates, forming working tables, constructive dialogues and focus groups, formed by interdisciplinary groups, from all strata and professions, giving a holistic vision to the construction and validation of information.The research evidenced the high degree of interference that the PEM has in the Historic Center of Cartagena de India's certification, given its high degree of effectiveness as an development generator instrument, synchronizing the lines that include both processes to motivate their interest and commitment to a responsible and rallied job from the different interest groups, for the conservation and preservation of cultural heritage and local sustainability. Therefore, the document is expected to broadly support the different lines exposed for the achievement of such results. The variables that intervene in sustainability were also identified, from different requirements including territorial development: social cohesion, public space, urban complexity; Social variables: poverty, education and security; Economic: employment and income levels; Cultural: tangible and intangible cultural heritage and environmental. As a result, the PEMP ensures management, synergy and local integration, which may well channel twinning that resolve common problems, such as strategies for boosting and sustaining Latin America and the Caribbean ; Desde un análisis crítico se estudió la relación existente entre el PEMP y la sostenibilidad turística de Cartagena de Indias, siendo este documento una herramienta de administracióny gestión requerida para asegurar desarrollo, aunando esfuerzos con visión global para Latinoamérica y el Caribe, estudio realizado mediante la participación en diferentes eventos organizados desde estamentos estatales, conformando mesas de trabajo, diálogos constructivos y focus groups, constituidos por grupos interdisciplinares, de todos los estratos y profesiones, dando una visión holística a la construcción y validación de la información. Se evidenció el alto grado de injerencia del PEM en la certificación del Centro Histórico de Cartagena de Indias, dado su alto grado de efectividad como instrumento posibilitador de desarrollo, sincronizando las líneas que incuben a ambos procesos que provocan su preocupación y compromiso con un trabajo serio y mancomunado desde diferentes grupos de interés preocupados, por la conservación y preservación del patrimonio cultural y la sostenibilidad local. Se espera que el documento respalde ampliamente las diferentes líneas expuestas para el alcance de tales resultados. Se identificaron las variables que intervienen en la sostenibilidad, desde diferentes requisitos que incluyen el desarrollo territorial: cohesión social, espacio público, complejidad urbana; variables sociales: pobreza, educación y seguridad; económicas: niveles de empleo e ingresos; culturales: patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible y ambientales. En consecuencia, el PEMP asegura gestión, sinergia e integración local, que bien puede canalizar hermanamientos que resuelvan las problemáticas comunes, como estrategias de impulso y sostenibilidad para Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Esta publicación, La Ruta Crítica que Siguen las Mujeres Afectadas por la Violencia Intrafamiliar en América Latina, nos muestra que la violencia intrafamiliar es un problema complejo y que requiere para su solución políticas y acciones coordinadas e intrasectoriales con la participación del Estado y de la sociedad civil. La Ruta es un recuento de las experiencias de mujeres en 16 comunidades de diez países de la región, y las respuestas de prestatarios de servicios de salud, judicial, policial y social en estas comunidades. Estas experiencias han sido obtenidas a través de la aplicación de un protocolo con el mismo nombre. El protocolo fue diseñado y aplicado con las propias mujeres y con otros miembros de sus comunidades.
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The volume that the reader has in his hands (or on his screen) constitutes a selection of the studies presented at the international congress "1820. The Illusion of Freedom. Revolutionary liberalism in Spain and America in the 1920s ", held in Las Cabezas de San Juan and Seville in March 2020, as a way to reflect (and celebrate, of course) the bicentennial of the revolution that began the so-called Liberal Triennium Spanish. The anniversary functioned as an excuse to analyze relevant problems of the present. In this case, the congress returned to the links between a stagnant society, which had nothing else to offer, and one of the most important revolutions that took place in the Iberian Peninsula. This was done through the presentation of a set of investigations that addressed the economic, political, social and cultural aspects of the Spanish revolution of 1820, and that crossed the Ibero-American world in the first half of the 19th century. It was a collective effort, which we hope we have embodied in this compilation.
