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The role of Panchayati Raj Members in nation building is immiscible. They are the representative of the people to form the local self government and run the administration. If these representatives would properly aware about their rights and responsibilities, no executive members will lack in delivering public services. In this article a humble effort has made by the researchers to know the status of the awareness of the PRI members in a scheduled district of Odisha i.e. Nabarangpur. Interview schedules, formal and informal interviews, focus group discussions were conducted in order to find the status. Both Primary and secondary data were used for the study. ; https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47818/rights-and-responsibilities-of-pri-members-in-a-scheduled-district-of-odisha/shri-arun-kumar-tripathy

Building upon prior literature on the role of executives in tax payments, this study investigates the relationship between a CEO's political connections and tax avoidance behavior as a typical type of social irresponsibility of a corporation. We propose that CEOs who are well connected to politicians through family, academic, and professional ties tend to adopt riskier strategic choices such as tax avoidance. We employ a multi-faceted method to quantify political connections in a more comprehensive and delicate way. Empirical results from 4,706 firm-year observations in South Korea between 2003 and 2014 provide support for our predictions. In addition, we test competing hypotheses on the moderating role of CEO tenure and find that such a tendency diminishes as the focal CEO stays in the position longer.

With Europe's security order becoming ever more fragile, the EU and the OSCE face verydifferent political and structural challenges. While the EU's new Strategic Compass emphasizesits aspirations to become a genuine security actor, the OSCE faces erosion of the participatingStates' consensus on values and weakened executive structures and institutions. Can the OSCEbe regenerated through enhanced cooperation with the EU, and if yes, how? In this article,we argue that the accelerated rise of the EU as a security actor should not be achieved at theexpense of the OSCE. Rather, cooperation between both organizations should focus on (1)strengthening the OSCE as an autonomous security organization, (2) using the OSCE as agenuine forum for dialogue and mutual assurance, and (3) capitalizing on the main strengths ofboth organizations while avoiding duplication.

This paper seeks to identify the factors that explain how members of parliament improved budget scrutiny using unique empirical data collected in Uganda. Two instances are studied that mark the improvements. First, the 2001 Budget Act that established the Parliamentary Budget Committee with large competencies for African standards. Second, the change in the 2012 Health Budget, a rare instance when parliament made significant budget amendments. The analysis reveals that political entrepreneurs used a window of opportunity to build a coalition for change. The window of opportunity opened at an event organised by civil society. The process that followed improved legislative budget scrutiny in a country with strong executive systems and strong patronage. Two factors have proven influential that are understudied in the current literature, civil society and female members of parliament.

L'articolo, dopo aver passato in rassegna le ragioni e i limiti delle recenti modifiche normative riguardanti il reato di abuso d'ufficio (d.l. 16 luglio 2020, n. 76), analizza le prime sentenze successive alla riforma. Quel che emerge è una spiccata tendenza della giurisprudenza a ridimensionare la portata delle specificazioni che il legislatore aveva introdotto per arginare l'estensione del sindacato penale sulla pubblica amministrazione. ; The paper, after examining the grounds and the limits of the recent reform of the crime of abuse of office (Law Decree 16 July 2020, no. 76), focuses on the subsequent case-law. The Courts strongly tend to reduce the specifications introduced by the lawmaker in order to limit the oversight by criminal judges on the executive branch of power.

On the African continent, where elections are often surrounded by accusations of fraud and manipulation, legal avenues for challenging elections may enhance election integrity and trust in political institutions. Court rulings on electoral petitions have consequences for the distribution
of power, but how do they shape public opinion? We theorize and study the way in which court rulings in relation to parliamentary election petitions shape public perceptions of election and judicial legitimacy. Using survey data from the 2016 Zambian election, our results suggest that opposition
voters rate quality of elections lower when courts nullify elections. However, judicial legitimacy seems unaffected even for voters in constituencies where the courts have shown independence vis a vis the executive and nulli' fied parliamentary elections won by the governing party.

The COVID-19 pandemic has once again brought into relief and tension the delicate balancing act modern governments must strike in assuring individual liberties of its citizens, while at the same time dealing with infectious diseases and other public health risks. It is not clear how best to strike this balance, or how to judge which countries are doing an adequate job and which others are failing (on either or both fronts). What is clear, however, is that by virtue of it being available to the state, public health is based not merely on medical expertise but also on power, insofar as it part of the regulative apparatus of the administrative state which can be implemented by decree at the behest of the executive.

The appointment of committee chairs to monitor the actions of ministers belonging to coalition partners has received considerably less attention than other mechanisms of policing the coalition agreement at executive or legislative level. We take a longitudinal perspective focusing on 11 Belgian cabinets (1980-2018) to study the determinants of such appointments and whether there is a substitution effect between shadow chairs, junior ministers and coalition agreements. Our findings indicate that the probability of appointing a shadow committee chair is higher when the ideological distance between the minister's party and the coalition is larger. Other key findings are that ministers facing hostile junior ministers tend to be shadowed by committee chairs as well, while shadow chairs are also more frequent in minimum winning coalitions.

From the perspective of policymakers, planning for the many uncertainties that the future brings is a complicated task. Because of the growing complexity of global affairs, more and more information is destined to land on the desks of decision makers. State-of-the-art futures analysis structures information about conceivable events and developments, thus supporting more effective and legitimate anticipatory governance. Forecasting and foresight, the dominant analytical approaches, serve different political functions. Forecasting geopolitical events is primarily relevant for the executive branch, which must act on short-term assessments. Foresight scenarios, on the other hand, significantly contribute to deliberations on the desirability of plausible mid- to long-term developments in consultative bodies such as parliaments. Both approaches should be utilized in EU policymaking.

Women hold less than 10 percent of chief executive positions worldwide. Understanding how women democratically access these posts requires theorizing how they gain resources from established parties to mount viable electoral campaigns. We argue that in stable regimes marked by representational
malaise parties respond to gendered incentives and nominate female candidates. Drawing on Latin American cases, we show how diverse parties nominated women in order to signal change or novelty, to credibly commit to "feminine" leadership and issues, and to mobilize female voters. A negative
case depicts how a lack of representational critiques can fail to incentivize parties to back women instead of men. Our focus on gendered incentives provides a new framework that places political parties at the center of questions about women's electoral opportunities.

More than 86 million people have legally immigrated to the United States between 1783 and 2019. The legal regime under which they immigrated has changed radically over that time; the politics surrounding those changes have remained contentious, and past immigration policies inform the current political debate. Conflicting visions and piecemeal legislation have left the United States with an archaic and barely coherent immigration system with outdated policy objectives that is primarily controlled by the executive branch of government. We review the history of U.S. immigration policy, including the legal controversies that empowered Congress with its immigration plenary power and the historical policy decisions that still guide the U.S. immigration system, in order to contextualize the current political debate over immigration at the beginning of the Biden administration.

Top managers are recognized as important forces in fostering the spread of ethical spirits and responsible behaviors in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of personal ethical values and demographics (age, gender, and education level) on top managers' CSR perceptions in Ethiopia. A quantitative approach involving a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 294 executive managers of four sectors (floriculture, food, textile, and banks). Multiple linear regressions were employed to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that while some personal demographics, i.e., age and educational level had no impact on Ethiopian managers' CSR perception, gender was positively and significantly correlated with managers' CSR perception. Additionally, the analysis indicated that managers' personal moral values had significantly influenced Ethiopian managers' CSR perception.

Just as its constitutional development is characterised by frequent change and substantial concentration of power, the Latin American and the Caribbean area is known to host some of the most corrupt countries of the world. A group of countries such as Chile, Barbados and Uruguay, however, report levels of corruption similar to those displayed by most European countries. We ask whether the concentration of power in the executive, as well as in the national parliament in this particular region, affect how corrupt a society is. Using panel data from 22 Latin America and Caribbean countries from 1970 to 2014, we find that constitutional power concentration is in fact a determinant of corruption. Yet, the constitutional provisions allocating powers of government appear only to be consistently important when parliament is ideologically fractionalised.

Early care and education program interventions often focus on providing training, sometimes combined with coaching, to classroom educators. However, such interventions are uneven in their effectiveness. We describe the development of the Ready Educators Quality Improvement Pilot (REQIP), an intervention that integrates two approaches—one that focuses on the workforce through training and coaching at the educator level, and another approach that focuses on the program in which the educators work, through executive coaching for administrators and consultations on the classroom, building spaces, and curriculum materials. Ten center-based programs and over 60 educators participated in a 19-month intervention and evaluation. This article discusses the challenges faced during implementation and implications for practice, results of the evaluation, and implications for other applications of social science.

This study analyses the multivariate effect of employee desire (ED) and employee engagement (EE) on organizational performance (OP). The data were collected from 352 executive employees belonging to public and private information and communications technology (ICT) sector organizations in Kerala, India. The stratified random sampling technique was applied for selecting the samples and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to study the causal linkage among the variables. The analysis revealed that OP is positively influenced by ED and EE. The study further confirms the mediation effect of EE in the relationship between ED and OP. The effects are statistically significant. The study furnishes beneficial inputs for practising managers, which can encourage EE and strengthen OP.JEL Code: M54