Suchergebnisse

A cash limit is a fixed amount of money available for pay prior to the wage negotiations in the public sector. This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of cash limits in a unionized economy with decentralized wage bargaining in both private and public sectors. I focus in particular on the linkages between changes in the cash limit, wage‐setting, and employment in public and private sectors. Equilibrium unemployment is independent of the size of the public sector if there are no sectoral differences in the unions' relative bargaining power. In general, unemployment may rise or fall by public‐sector expansion accomplished by means of an increase in the cash limit; unemployment increases if unions are relatively more powerful in the public than in the private sector.

The period between August 1990 and early November 1992 was characterized by two "issue regimes," the Gulf War and an economic recession. Analysis of aggregate media content and opinion poll data shows that President George Bush's job approval ratings were closely tied to the changes in the salience of these two issues. Guided by priming theory, hypotheses were formulated and tested concerning media effects on voters' evaluations of President Bush. Results show that the pattern of forming Bush's approval ratings is related to two different issue regimes. The total dominance of the public arena by one issue during an issue regime sets the foundation of Bush's overall approval ratings. However, direct media priming effects are found limited. Implications of these results are discussed.

Two parallel surveys were carried out based in the north‐east of England and Cumbria: one ascertaining statutory social work services provided for child and adult survivors of sexual abuse, the other drawing upon the perceptions of adult survivors of child sexual abuse about existing and desirable forms of provision for adults and children. The surveys indicate the need for greater genuine partnership between service users and statutory agencies in the field of child sexual abuse, similar to that which is being pioneered in the field of adult care and disability. A community‐orientated response to sexual abuse, centred on service‐users, is required if one of the largest social problems facing us today is to be effectively challenged.

This paper is concerned with the problem of combining a non-linear income tax with an indirect externality correcting tax. The analysis is performed in a model economy with two types of individuals and two types of consumption goods. The government wants to redistribute from the more able individuals to the less able, and also to correct for the externality arising from the total consumption of the dirty good. It turns out that the optimal tax structure depends on the complementarity or substitutability between the dirty good and leisure. The second-best externality correcting tax can be interpreted as consisting of a redistributive and an environmental component. Consequently, the dirt tax can be lower or higher than the first-best Pigouvian tax.

This paper is part of a larger project concerned with individualism as an ideology central to the social relations of male domination. In this paper I look at some of the Australian government's policy changes relating to unemployment benefit since the late 1980s. I argue that these changes ignore what is actually going on in the capitalist global economy, and instead, target 'the unemployed' as though they were personally responsible for rising levels of unemployment. I also argue that these changes demonstrate a callous indifference to people's needs, in favour of harassing, coercing and penalising capitalism's chief victims. I conclude by pointing out the links between the inhumane treatment of the unemployed and the inhumanity at the heart of male supemacist relations of ruling.

This paper explores the origins of Sydney from the perspective of the convict and ex-convict majority by examining the townscape of the early Rocks where they appropriated land and built houses from the earliest years of white settlement. Instead of the orderly outpost of empire presented by governors, artists and map-makers, or the gaol town or 'gulag' portrayed in some historiography, the Sydney the Rocks represented was built and occupied largely according to the tastes, priorities and inclinations of the people, with relatively little official interference. Early Sydney emerged through a constant dialogue between people and government, one that encompassed signs and rituals of deference and obligation, pragmatic negotiations, everyday subversion and, more occasionally, outright defiance.

This paper analyzes the macroeconomic assumptions, demand and supply parameters, and structures of the models used in projecting China's future food supply, demand, and trade. Projections from these models vary greatly, from China being almost self-sufficient in grain to becoming a net importer of 369 million metric tons of grain in 2030. The differences arrive mainly in the supply projections (the combined effect of land decline and yield growth). The paper also suggests methodology improvements needed in making future projections of China's grain economy, such as endogenizing government policies, and taking into account the linkage between the agricultural with the non-agricultural sectors, technical change in livestock industry, and infrastructure constraints on grain imports. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; EPTD

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — State entity — Former State enterprise — Enterprise transformed into joint stock company with majority of shares held by private individuals — State retaining minority shares and control over management — Arrest of ship owned by company — Whether company entitled to State immunity in respect of ship659State succession — Treaties — Russian Federation — United Kingdom State Immunity (Merchant Shipping) (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Order 1978 granting immunity from arrest in respect of ships owned by USSR and used for commercial purposes — Distinction between succession to privileges under treaties and succession to privileges under Order — Whether ship owned by Russian Federation can be regarded as ship owned by USSR for purposes of Order — The law of Scotland

The premise of this paper is the need for the IS discipline in Australia to identify its nature and traditions before promulgating both to gain greater access to political power and resources. The survey results reported help characterise Australian IS research by assessing the significance of conference publications and determining which international and national conferences and refereed journals are perceived by leading IS researchers to be the most appropriate and of the highest quality as publication outlets. Comparison is made between the results of this study and North American rankings. Results from the study support the claim that refereed conference publications are significant to IS researchers and help legitimise this style of publication.

In economic development, institutions and organizations are critical elements which can be looked upon as rules and players of a game, respectively. Investigating how institutions evolve and why certain organizations emerge may help us better understand economic development, especially when the situation requires an efficient solution. The problem of sovereign financing shares the features of one-sided Prisoner' s Dilemma (PD). Sovereign default had been a common phenomenon in England since the medieval period; however, the establishment of the Bank of England altered the sovereign' s incentives and helped build mutual trust between the crown and Parliament. In this paper, we analyze the emergence of the Bank by viewing it as a commitment device which makes the king' s promise to pay trustworthy.

Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of the Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather. By linking with the Internet, we don't mean absolute freedom of information. I think there is a general understanding about this. If you go through customs, you have to show your passport. It's the same with management of information. There is no contradiction at all between the development of telecommunications infrastructure and the exercise of state sovereignty. Will cyberspace exercise its own sovereignty? Does it do so already?

European studies have revealed a link between the level of cultural development of a milieu and the individual interest in all kinds of political events - particularly those from the realm of foreign policy. The gender-related differences among the responses are significant, particularly in certain clusters of European countries with a tendency of decreasing under the influence of education and employment outside the home. The tradition of equal educational and employment opportunities for men and women in Croatia has resulted in a deeper immersion of individuals in social developments, which may explain their marked and very similar interest in all political (including foreign policy) events, which were traditionally considered a domain of male interest. (SOI : PM: S. 42)

This paper examines the extent to which conditions for the 'representative party government' model of representation exist in the EU. It suggests that, although application of the model is obviously limited, there is some support for its relevance. Using surveys of voters and candidates for the European Parliament the paper shows that some policy positions of representatives are constrained more by their party group than their nationality, and to some degree there is obvious congruence between the opinions of candidates and their voters. This is particularly so with respect to left-right orientation; far less with respect to European Monetary Union where elites appear much more enthusiastic than their electorates. (European Journal of Political Research / FUB)

Past research on policy subsystems has not attempted to explain the manner in which policy preferences for customary subsystem participants are formed as part of a system. The purpose of this research is to narrow the gap between the theoretical conceptualization and empirical articulation of policy subsystems. This study examines the formation of policy preferences for standard subsystem participants in the area of commercial bank regulation for the 1949-89 period. The findings reveal that the formation of (regulatory) policy preferences for these main subsystem participants reflects strategic behaviour rather than retrospective behaviour. This suggests that institutional participants within the commercial banking regulatory subsystem strategically operate in a policy environment with an abundance of information. (British Journal of Political Science / FUB)

The experience of France's elected regions offers both comfort and admonition to English reformers. That the centralised, unitary French state can establish regions as popularly legitimate and fully functioning governing institutions in a short space of time is an optimistic sign. Yet, notwithstanding Europeanisation and some examples of innovation, regions have been constrained by poor performance, weak leadership, the burgeoning departmental system of administration and the newly consolidated power of the regional state. The main lessons for England are: the need to establish effective powers at the outset; the inappropriateness of halfway houses to direct elections; the difficulties of using existing administrative boundaries; and the dangers of competition between tiers of government for an economic development role.