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Reuel Marc Gerecht, a leading neo-conservative terrorism & Middle East expert states that what once came from the East is now a native product, it has mutated & grown. "European Islam" seems to be an increasing radicalizing force. The future of Islamist radicalism & its terror networks lies in Europe. Most young Muslims live separated from their families & are married to non-Muslims. Their quarrel with the world is not imported from the Middle East. It is directed against American imperialisms, against capitalism etc. The radicalization is not a consequence of a "battle of cultures." This militant evolution is occurring here & belongs from now on to the history of the West. E. Sanchez

Explores refugee protection in East Africa in the post-September 11, 2001, context, contending that the character of refuge & prospects for refugee protection will change. Three broad factors are seen to underpin this shift: history of state resistance to refugee protection, declining capacity of humanitarian entities, particularly the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), & the changing nature & characteristics of East African refugee populations. Policy adjustments required to bolster refugee protection is contemplated in light of domestic dynamics, eg, democratization, & the global war against terrorism: the state must be involved in refugee protection, focus should shift from relief to human rights protection, & criminals must be distinguished from refugees without compromising refugee human rights. J. Zendejas

The conventional arms control regime in Europe faces two political challenges: the deadlock over the entry into force of the 1999 Agreement on Adaptation of the CFE Treaty, & the enlargement of NATO by the admission of the Baltic states. The Organization for Security & Cooperation in Europe participants continue to focus their efforts on adapting & employing confidence-building measures to meet the threat of terrorism. The OSCE made progress in enhancing the confidence- & security-building measures (CSBMs) embodied by the Small Arms & Light Weapons Document & the International Code of Conduct. At the regional level, the first attempt to use CSBMs with regard to naval activities was a significant development. 2 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

El presente trabajo trata sobre los delitos de terrorismo, las principales organizaciones terroristas que han operado en España, y la legislación antiterrorista desde la dictadura, pasando por la transición, hasta la actualidad. De forma especial trato el delito de colaboración con organización terrorista tipificado en el artículo 577 del Código Penal. En él se subsumen las conductas favorecedoras de, los objetivos y fines de las organizaciones o grupos terroristas, realizadas de forma consciente y voluntaria por un extraneus a la organización criminal. Para ello comienzo mi trabajo con la búsqueda del equívoco y controvertido concepto de terrorismo, analizándolo desde el punto de vista de la doctrina jurídica, su regulación en los instrumentos jurídicos internacionales, la legislación penal española y la jurisprudencia. La parte central del trabajo está dedicada al análisis del delito de cooperación con organización terrorista. Asimismo analizo la tipificación de dicho delito, tras la reforma introducida por la L.O. 2/2015. ; The present report addresses the felony of terrorism, the main terrorist organizations that have operated in Spain and the legislation regarding terrorism since the dictatorship's times, until the present times. I am focusing in the specific felony of cooperation with terrorist organizations categorized in the 577 article of the Penal Code, which subsumes the acts, objectives and aims of terrorist organizations or groups carried out consciously and voluntarily by the extraneus. To that end, I commence this report by searching for the misinterpreted and controversial concept of terrorism, analyzing it from a legal doctrine's approach, it's regulation in the international legal tools, the spanish penal legislation and jurisprudence. The main subject of this report is focused on the analysis of the felony of cooperation with terrorist organizations. In addition, I analyse the regulation of said felony, after the reformation introduced by the L.O 2/2015. ; Máster Universitario en Acceso a la ...

Актуальность предлагаемой статьи обусловлена тем, что угроза терроризма, приверженцы которого используют религиозную риторику, главным образом манипулируя терминами ислама, растет во всем мире. Это доказывает тот факт, что сегодня впервые в новейшей истории террористическая организация такого рода (ИГИЛ) осуществляет попытку образования собственного государства. Вместе с тем необходимо помнить о политической основе таких организаций и не отождествлять их со спецификой той или иной религии. Для описания действий организаций типа «Аль-Каиды» автор использует термин «квазирелигиозный терроризм». В статье приведен анализ коммуникационного аспекта деятельности квазирелигиозных террористических организаций на территории Европейского союза. Рассмотрены основные цели и направления коммуникации террористов с целевыми аудиториями. Анализ проведен на материалах террористических организаций, а также открытых публикаций силовых структур ЕС. Также рассмотрены основные направления коммуникации европейских силовых структур и общественных организаций в борьбе с квазирелигиозным терроризмом. ; The threat of religious terrorism, mainly based on manipulation of Islamic terms, is growing all over the world. This fact highlights the relevance of the article. For the first time in contemporary history the terrorist organization (ISIS) aims to establish its own state. At the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind the political grounds of such organizations and not to identify them with a particular religion. The author describes such organizations, similar to "Al-Qaeda", as "quasi-religious terrorism". The article presents an analysis of communication aspect of the activity of quasi-religious terrorist organizations in the European Union. The author examines the main goals and areas of the terrorists' communications, as well as their intended audiences. The analysis is based on materials of the terrorist organizations and open access publications of the EU law enforcement agencies. The author also examines the basic communication areas of the European law enforcement agencies and public organizations in their counteraction to quasi-religious terrorism.

"Nowadays, in Cyberspace there is a burst of information that everyone has access. However, apart from the advantages the Internet offers, it also hides numerous dangers for both people and nations. Cyberspace has a dark side, including terrorism, bullying, and other types of violence. Cyberwarfare is a kind of virtual war that causes the same destruction that a physical war would also do. A hybrid threat is an umbrella term, encompassing a wide variety of existing adverse circumstances and actions, such as terrorism, migration, piracy, corruption, ethnic conflict etc and is not exclusively a tool of asymmetric or non-state actors, but can be applied by state and non-state actors alike. 'Cyber-conflict' and 'cyber-war' serve as examples of the use of new technologies within the scope of hybrid threats. Cyber-war basically refers to a sustained computer-based cyber-attack by a state against the IT infrastructure of a target state. On the other hand cyber-security is a major factor that shapes productivity and efficiency of the modern industry in both technical and economic terms. The book discusses and analyses current posture of cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, and hybrid threats, sector specific cyber-attacks that have the form of cyberterrorism and presents the recent actions that EU, USA and other Nations have taken in order to strengthen their systems against such attacks. There has never been a higher risk of a major catastrophe as a result of the rise in offensive cyber activity, particularly the possibility of cyber-physical strikes against critical services. Recent cyber-attacks against critical infrastructures along with the continuous migration crisis have been the main driving forces that led to the decision to publish this book"--

К сожалению, терроризм занимает важнейшее место в политической истории с конца ХIХ в. до наших дней в качестве главного средства достижения политической цели. Характерными чертами терроризма являются насилие, жестокость, широкое использование в отношении неограниченного круга лиц. Следует констатировать тот факт, что особенностью современности явился процесс сращивания политического терроризма с терроризмом криминальным. Это происходит лишь потому, что организаторы и руководители террористических группировок имеют основной целью получение материальных выгод либо доступ к власти, что также происходит посредством обогащения за счет криминальной деятельности. В последние годы появляется все большее число внешних и внутренних экстремистских угроз. Зная механизм воздействия террористов на определенные группы населения, правоохранительные органы и специальные службы имеют возможность прогнозировать тактические ходы организаторов и исполнителей террористической деятельности и вместе с органами власти и общественностью принимать меры для применения адекватных упреждающих ударов, поскольку деятельность государства направлена на охрану общественных отношений от любых посягательств [5, с. 116]. Необходимо исследовать и стремиться к освоению знаний идеологий, пропагандируемых террористами, чтобы определить реальную мотивацию использования метода террора. Необходимо научиться понимать ложность заявленных террористами лозунгов, следить за ситуацией в социальных сетях. Необходимо проводить профилактическую работу среди лиц различного социального статуса, поддерживающих идеологические убеждения террористов. ; Unfortunately, terrorism is at the forefront in the political history from the late nineteenth century to the present day as the principal means of achieving political goals. The characteristic features of terrorism are violent, brutal, widespread use in relation to the general public. It is necessary to establish the fact that the feature of modernity was the process of merging political terrorism with terrorism, criminal. This is only because the organizers of the terrorist groups and leaders have the primary purpose of obtaining material benefits or access to power, which also takes place by means of enrichment at the expense of criminal activity. In recent years, there is an increasing number of extreme internal and external threats. Knowing the mechanism of action of terrorists into certain groups, law enforcement agencies and special services have the ability to predict tactical moves organizers and terrorist activity performers and, together with the authorities and the public to take measures to apply the appropriate pre-emptive strikes as the activities of the state aimed at protecting public relations from any infringement. It is necessary to explore and strive for the development of knowledge of the ideologies promoted by terrorists to determine the real motivation of the method of terror. You must learn to understand the falsity of the alleged terrorists' slogans, to monitor the situation in the social networks. It is necessary to carry out preventive work among persons of different social status, support the ideological convictions of terrorists.

The crisis of democratic legitimacy : they do not represent us -- Global terrorism : the politics of fear -- Mass rebellion and the collapse of political order -- Spain : social movements, the end of two-party politics and state crisis -- The obscure clarity of chaos.

Introduction -- History of the National Counterterrorism Center -- The National Counterterrorism Center's organization -- How the National Counterterrorism Center fights terrorism -- The National Counterterrorism Center's work with other counterterrorist agencies -- Changes to the CIA after September 11, 2001 -- New U.S. counterterrorism measures

An examination of international cooperation in tackling cross-border crimes such as terrorism, through a socio-legal lens. This qualitative study focuses on Australia and Indonesia, asking questions about the conditions that promote cooperation, and the structural tension between political and policy interests.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Economic Sanctions Around the World -- Efficacy of Economic Sanctions -- Economic Sanctions and Terrorism -- The Future of Economic Sanctions -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- For Further Discussion -- Organizations to Contact -- Bibliography of Books -- Index -- Back Cover

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the author -- One Freud, the father of psychoanalysis -- Two Can war be avoided? -- Three Religion: the search for a powerful father? -- Four The psychology of terrorism -- Five What can we do? -- References -- Index.

An examination of international cooperation in tackling cross-border crimes such as terrorism, through a socio-legal lens. This qualitative study focuses on Australia and Indonesia, asking questions about the conditions that promote cooperation, and the structural tension between political and policy interests.

David Gero has compiled a catalogue of major air disasters since the 1950s. He investigates every type of calamity, including those caused by inclement weather and inhospitable terrain, mechanical failure and pilot error, and that spectre of more recent times -- terrorism