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The decisions of international bodies may be based either on the rigid principle of unanimity or on the more convenient doctrine that the majority shall govern. In a world where national sovereignty is so widely stressed, the former method has a natural appeal. The rule of unanimity has, in fact, been treated by many persons as an inevitable corollary of the theory of sovereignty, which, as it is generally understood, would subject no state to any limitation against its will. Such an idea was very probably in the mind of former Secretary of State Hughes when he stated in the opening address of the Conference on Central American Affairs in December, 1922, " Unanimity is a part of the consequence of the status of states in international law." Writers on internationallaw have often so defined sovereignty and independence that the requirement of unanimity for any concerted action of a group of nations would follow.

In recent years the ZIB has succeeded in becoming a leading international publication within the field of international relations, in part due to the democratization & professionalization resulting from the institution of anonymous peer review. While the degree of coverage of Europe-related research has increased over the last decade, such rigorous selection mechanisms can also lead to higher consideration of theoretical works with respect to practice or problem-oriented works, resulting in a degree of uniformity & one-sidedness. The ZIB tends to exclude foreign policy analyses & European-policy-oriented research, an increasingly important element of European governance. This is not only problematic from the perspective of pluralistic scientific understanding, but it hinders further theoretical development. 1 Figure, 1 Diagram, 46 References. L. Kehl

The Netherlands Yearbook of International Law was first published in 1970. It offers a forum for the publication of scholarly articles of a more general nature in the area of public international law including the law of the european Union. One of the key functions or purposes of international law (and law in general for that matter) is to provide long-term stability and legal certainty. Yet, international legal rules may also function as tools to deal with non-permanent or constantly changing issues and rather than stable, international law may have to be flexible or adaptive. Prima facie

Exam Board: SQA Level: Higher Subject: Modern Studies First Teaching: August 2018 First Exam: June 2019 Updated specifically to match the SQA Higher Modern Studies syllabus for examination from 2019 onwards. International Issues covers three of the world powers that students may choose to study in this unit of the course (the United States of America, the Republic of South Africa and the People's Republic of China), along with Development Issues in Africa and Global Security.

During its 36th and 37th sessions, held in February and May 1959, respectively, the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) spent considerable time on the preparation of documentation for the forthcoming Assembly. Special attention was paid to the budget estimates for 1960, 1961, and 1962, a review of the basis of assessment, documentation on questions of a constitutional and general policy nature, the policy and program of ICAO for the provision of air navigation facilities and services, ICAO policy on technical assistance, and the future frequency of Assembly sessions. Opinion in the Council was evenly divided on asking the Assembly to vote funds to cover the basic estimates of meetings and activities and to authorize the Council to make, if required, supplementary appropriations up to the amounts indicated in a list of contingent expenditures, as opposed to asking it to vote a budget that would include the contingent expenditures, identified as such, with the proviso that the amounts voted for these expenditures would be available only for the purposes indicated and that assessments for them would be made by the Council if and when necessary. Both alternatives subsequently having been put to the Assembly, the latter body decided to do nothing about the contingent expenditures for meetings, while authorizing the Council to make supplementary appropriations to cover the contingency that the post adjustment for Headquarters would be raised. On the subject of assessments, two tasks were undertaken, one being the drafting of instructions to the Secretary General of ICAO on the preparation of the draft scale of assessments for 1960–1962, and the other being a general review of the basis of assessment, while on the subject of the future frequency of Assembly sessions the Council decided to recommend a major session in 1962 and, if necessary, another session of limited scope either in i960 or in 1961, preferably the latter.

Das Internationale Arbeitnehmererfinderprivatrecht ist ein komplexes Spezialgebiet des Rechts des geistigen Eigentums. Das autonome deutsche Internationale Privatrecht, die vereinheitlichte Kollisionsnorm für das Recht auf das europäische Patent in dem Europäischen Patentübereinkommen, die Verordnungen (EG) Nr. 593/2008 (Rom I) und Nr. 864/2007 (Rom II) des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über das auf vertragliche und außervertragliche Schuldverhältnisse anzuwendende Recht sowie die Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law, and Judgements in Transnational Disputes des American Law Institute halten allgemeine Regelungen für das auf Arbeitnehmererfindungen anwendbare Recht bereit. Der auf rechtsvergleichender Methode in dieser Untersuchung ausgearbeitete Regelungsvorschlag einer selbstständigen Kollisionsnorm für Arbeitnehmererfindungen vereint Parteiautonomie und Arbeitnehmerschutz und stellt spezielle Anforderungen an den Rechtswahlvertrag. (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)

"Anfang November hat das World Economic Forum (WEF) den mit Spannung erwarteten Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) 2007/2008 herausgegeben. Das Erscheinen der neuesten Ausgabe des GCR, der erstmals 13 Länder des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens umfasst, wird hier zum Anlass genommen, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und das wirtschaftliche Kompetenzniveau insbesondere der arabischen Mittelmeerländer (AML) näher zu beleuchten und die Resultate des Berichtes kritisch zu hinterfragen. Die arabischen Mittelmeerländer schneiden in der Rangliste des Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) mit guten Platzierungen im vorderen (Tunesien) und mittleren Drittel der Gesamtwertung ab. Damit präsentieren sich die AML als wettbewerbsfähige und im internationalen Vergleich gut positionierte Volkswirtschaften mit viel versprechenden Entwicklungsperspektiven. Den Ergebnissen des GCI widersprechen jedoch die tatsächlich schwache wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Region in den letzten 20 Jahren und die relativ geringe Attraktivität dieser Länder im Verhältnis zu anderen Entwicklungsregionen. Diese Diskrepanz lässt sich teilweise durch die Methodik der Umfrage erklären. Die Ergebnisse sind zwar korrekt bezogen auf eine wirtschaftliche Spitzengruppe, sind jedoch weder repräsentativ, noch können sie verallgemeinert werden. Der GCI dokumentiert überzeugend die Rangfolge der Konkurrenzfähigkeit der arabischen Volkswirtschaften untereinander. Diese Ergebnisse haben aber nur bedingte Aussagekraft in Bezug auf die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der AML im weltweiten Vergleich. Die Eigen- und Fremdwahrnehmung der Konkurrenzfähigkeit der AML fällt sehr unterschiedlich aus. So ist die positive Selbsteinschätzung zwar ein wichtiger Hinweis auf eine dynamische, selbstbewusste Unternehmerelite, auf Dauer birgt eine unrealistische Selbsteinschätzung aber die Gefahr, zum Hemmschuh für Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Entwicklung zu werden." (Autorenreferat)

Upcoming international events 2007.

Upcoming International Events: 2006

Upcoming international events 2006.

"Asia constitutes the hub of the transformation of global economic power today. The Gulf, itself part of Asia, is of increasing importance in this transformation. This book documents the growing interactions between the economies of the Gulf states and those of the rest of Asia. These relationships are critical to how the world economy develops over the next decade, and how economic (and perhaps strategic) power is distributed.This volume assembles cutting-edge thinking by 16 specialists on a wide variety of topics covering Arab Gulf relations with China, Japan, ASEAN, Korea and India, as well as with Russia, Iran and Turkey." (Publisher's description)