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"In this paper I discuss some of the most important lessons on exchange rate policies in emerging markets during the last 35 years. The analysis is undertaken from the perspective of both the Latin American and East Asian nations. Some of the topics addressed include: the relationship between exchange rate regimes and growth, the costs of currency crises, the merits of "dollarization," the relation between exchange rates and macroeconomic stability, monetary independence under alternative exchange rate arrangements, and the effects of the recent global "currency wars" on exchange rates in commodity exporters"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

AbstractBased on household survey data, the author compares the level of minimum wages in 16 Latin American countries with average wages, GDP, poverty lines and purchasing power. He then estimates the degree of non‐compliance with minimum wage laws and its correlation with the minimum wage/average wage ratio. Comparing the situation in Chile, Costa Rica, Peru and Uruguay, he concludes that, when the minimum wage is very low or very high relative to average wages, the degree of compliance will depend on the quality of the institutional system, particularly the labour inspection system, in which regard he recommends a number of improvements.

Elections in competitive authoritarian regimes have become a major focus of comparative research. However, existing research mostly focuses on large-N comparative studies with older cases and data. Therefore, the conclusions of these studies typically only have a fairly limited explanatory potential. A number of authors thus suggest turning our attention to studies with small and middle-N, which -thanks to closer interaction with data- can help improve the explanatory ability. The aim of this study is to react to this situation and offer an explanation of the varying degree of electoral competitiveness in competitive authoritarianism in Latin America. For that purpose, this study compares 41 cases of elections that were carried out between 1990 and 2014, using regression analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). This study uses the data from the Varieties of Democracy (V-DEM) project and tries to either provide more accurate conclusions than some of the previous researches or to disprove these conclusions altogether. The results highlight the importance of economic growth, concurrent elections, opposition party ban, cohesion of the opposition and media censorship. These findings are in discrepancy with previous research which rather put structural factors in the back seat and considered actors' behaviour to be the key factors. What is even more interesting, though, is the fact that the two most influential structural explanations usually mentioned with respect to competitive authoritarianism, i.e. natural resources rent and economic statism, are proved as rather irrelevant in Latin America's context.

PART I: FORMER ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER AMERICAN MEMBERS OF CONGRESS -- Chapter I: Exclusion and Empire, 1898-1941 -- Chapter II: From Exclusion to Inclusion, 1941-1992 -- Chapter III: A Growing Diversity, 1993 to 2017 -- PART II: CURRENT ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER AMERICAN MEMBERS OF CONGRESS -- APPENDIX A: Asian and Pacific Islander American Representatives, Senators, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners by Congress, 1900-2017 -- APPENDIX B: Asian and Pacific Islander American Representatives, Senators, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners by State and Territory, 1900-2017 -- APPENDIX C: Asian and Pacific Islander American Members' Committee Assignments (Standing, Joint, Select) in the U.S. House and Senate, 1900-2017 -- APPENDIX D: Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Who Have Chaired Congressional Committees, 1993-2017 -- APPENDIX E: Asian and Pacific Islander American Chairs of Subcommittees of Standing Committees in the U.S. House and Senate, 1965-2017 -- APPENDIX F: Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Party Leadership Positions, 1977-2017 -- APPENDIX G: Asian and Pacific Islander American Familial Connections in Congress -- APPENDIX H: Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus Chairmen and Chairwomen, 1994-2017 -- APPENDIX I: Major legislation, treaties, and executive orders referenced in the text, 1790-2017--APPENDIX J: Glossary