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Part I: An Overview of Iran's Recent Past -- 1. Introduction and Analytical Framework -- 2. Iran Encounters the West -- 3. Economic Imperialism in Iran -- Part II: Iran Became a Victim of Oil Politics -- 4. Iran and the West in the First Half of Twentieth Century -- 5. The Oil Nationalization Dispute and the Coup -- 6. Petrodollar Politics and Confrontations with the West -- Part III: Politics of Nuclear Technology in Iran -- 7. The Formation of Iran's Nuclear Program -- 8. Iran's Nuclear Dispute with the West -- 9. The Economic Sanctions Against Iran -- 10. Propaganda and Threat of Force against Iran -- 11. Nuclear Diplomacy with Iran -- 12. The Nuclear Agreement's Aftermath -- 13. Recap and Conclusion.

Weakening Washington's Middle East influence / Lee Smtih. - S. 3-10 Tunisia's morning after / Bruce Maddy-Weitzman. - S. 11-17 Egypt's Islamist shadow / Cynthia Farahat. - S. 19-24 The view from Syria and Lebanon / Hilal Khashan. - S. 25-30 Iraq weathers the political strom / Sterling Jensen. - S. 31-34 Mixed response in Iran / Ali ALfoneh. - S. 35-39

Gradually since 2003, Turkey's autocratic leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan has sought to make Turkey a great power -- in the tradition of past Turkish leaders from the late Ottoman sultans to Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Here the leading authority Soner Cagaptay, author of The New Sultan -- the first biography of President Erdogan -- provides a masterful overview of the power politics in the Middle East and Turkey's place in it. Erdogan has picked an unorthodox model in the context of recent Turkish history, attempting to cast his country as a stand-alone Middle Eastern power. In doing so Turkey has broken ranks with its traditional Western allies, including the United States and has embraced an imperial-style foreign policy which has aimed to restore Turkey's Ottoman-era reach into the Arabian Middle East and the Balkans. Today, in addition to a domestic crackdown on dissent and journalistic freedoms, driven by Erdogan's style of governance, Turkey faces a hostile world. Ankara has nearly no friends left in the Middle East, and it faces a threat from resurgent historic adversaries: Russia and Iran. Furthermore, Turkey cannot rely on the unconditional support of its traditional Western allies. Can Erdogan deliver Turkey back to safety? What are the risks that lie ahead for him, and his country? How can Turkey truly become a great power, fulfilling a dream shared by many Turks, the sultans, Ataturk, and Erdogan himself?

Address before the Am. academy of political and social science, Philadelphia, Apr. 8-9, 1949.

Is business the solution to the problems of the Middle East? Some economists and policymakers argue that unleashing the Arab private sector is the key to sustainable growth and more liberal politics. Pete Moore's book is the first to examine relations between state authority and elite business representation in the region. By analysing the Kuwait and Jordan cases, he considers why organised business in Kuwait has been able to coordinate policy reform with state officials, while their Jordanian counterparts have generally failed. The author concludes that unleashing the private sector alone is insufficient to change current political and economic arrangements, and that successful economic adjustment requires successful political adjustment