Suchergebnisse

1. Conceptual issues in personality theory / Susan Cloninger -- 2. Personality psychology of situations / Seth A. Wagerman and David C. Funder -- 3. Personality : traits and situations / Jens B. Asendorpf -- 4. Personality and emotion / Rainer Reisenzein and Hannelore Weber -- 5. The characterization of persons : some fundamental conceptual issues / James T. Lamiell -- 6. The trait approach to personality / Ian J. Deary -- 7. Methods of personality assessment / Gregory J. Boyle and Edward Helmes -- 8. Structural models of personality / Boele de Raad -- 9. The five-factor model of personality traits : consensus and controversy / Robert R. McCrae -- 10. Personality and intelligence / Phillip L. Ackerman -- 11. Childhood temperament / Mary K. Rothbart, Brad E. Sheese and Elisabeth D. Conradt -- 12. The development of personality across the lifespan / M. Brent Donnellan and Richard W. Robins -- 13. Models of personality and health / Marko Elovainio and Mika Kivimäki -- 14. Attachment theory I : motivational, individual-differences and structural aspects / Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer -- 15. Attachment theory II : developmental, psychodynamic and optimal-functioning aspects / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- 16. Evolutionary theories of personality / Aurelio José Figueredo, Paul Gladden, Geneva Vásquez, Pedro Sofio Abril Wolf and Daniel Nelson Jones -- 17. Animal models of personality and cross-species comparisons / Samuel D. Gosling and B. Austin Harley -- 18. Behavioural genetics : from variance to DNA / Marcus R. Munafò -- 19. Neuroimaging of personality / Turhan Canli -- 20. Personality neuroscience : explaining individual differences in affect, behaviour and cognition / Colin G. Deyoung and Jeremy R. Gray -- 21. The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality / Philip J. Corr -- 22. Semantic and linguistic aspects of personality / Gerard Saucier -- 23. Personality and performance : cognitive processes and models / Gerald Matthews -- 24. Self-regulation and control in personality functioning / Charles S. Carver and Michael E. Scheier -- 25. Self-determination theory : a consideration of human motivational universals / Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan -- 26. Traits and the self : toward an integration / Michael D. Robinson and Constantine Sedikides -- 27. Personality as a cognitive-affective processing system / Ronald E. Smith and Yuichi Shoda -- 28. The storied construction of personality / Avril Thorne and Vickie Nam -- 29. Personality and social relations / Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell, Jennifer M. Knack and Madeline Rex-Lear -- 30. Personality and social support processes / Rhonda Swickert -- 31. Social pain and hurt feelings / Geoff MacDonald -- 32. Personality in cross-cultural perspective / Juris G. Draguns -- 33. Culture and personality / Robert Bogan and Michael Harris Bond -- 34. Personality and politics / Gianvittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione -- 35. Mood and anxiety disorders : the hierarchical structure of personality and psychopathology / David D. Vachon and R. Michael Bagby -- 36. Personality and psychosis / Gordon Claridge -- 37. Diagnosis and assessment of disorders of personality / Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt and Thomas A. Widiger -- 38. Psychopathy and its measurement / Robert D. Hare and Craig S. Neumann -- 39. Personality and eating disorders / Natalie J. Loxton and Sharon Dawe -- 40. Personality and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Rapson Gomez -- 41. Personality in school psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 42. Personality in educational psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 43. Personality at work / Giles St J. Burch and Neil Anderson -- 44. Workplace safety and personality / Alice F. Stuhlmacher, Andrea L. Briggs and Douglas F. Cellar -- 45. Personality and crime / David Canter and Donna Youngs -- 46. Treatment of personality disorders / Fiona Warren.

Keynote address: Revaluing the orbital prefrontal cortex / R.J. Dolan -- Specialized elements of orbitofrontal cortex in primates / H. Barbas -- The orbitofrontal cortex: Novelty, deviation from expectation, and memory / M. Petrides -- Definition of the orbital cortex in relation to specific connections with limbic and visceral structures and other cortical regions / J.L. Price -- Role of orbitofrontal cortex connections in emotion / N.L. Rempel-Clower -- Perspectives on olfactory processing, conscious perception, and orbitofrontal cortex / G.M. Shepherd -- What can an orbitofrontal cortex-endowed animal do with smells? / J.A. Gottfried -- Taste in the medial orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque / T.C. Pritchard, G.J. Schwartz, T.R. Scott. -- The role of the human orbitofrontal cortex in taste and flavor processing / D.M. Small ... [et al.] -- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in sensory-specific encoding of associations in Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning / A.R. Delamater -- The contribution of orbitofrontal cortex to action selection / S.B. Ostlund, B.W. Balleine -- Neural encoding in the orbitofrontal cortex related to goal-directed behavior / T. Furuyashiki, M. Gallagher -- Interactions between the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampal memory system during the storage of long-term memory / S.J. Ramus ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex and the computation of economic value / C. Padoa-Schioppa -- Lights, camembert, action! The role of human orbitofrontal cortex in encoding stimuli, rewards, and choices / J.P. O'Doherty -- Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala contributions to affect and action in primates / E.A. Murray, A. Izquierdo -- Synergistic and regulatory effects of orbitofrontal cortex on amygdala-dependent appetitive behavior / A.C. Roberts, K. Reekie, K. Braesicle -- Reconciling the roles of orbitofrontal cortex in reversal learning and the encoding of outcome expectancies / G. Schoenbaum ... [et al.] -- Flexible neural representations of value in the primate brain / C.D. Salzman ... [et al.] -- The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsomedial striatum to behavioral flexibility / M.E. Ragozzino -- A comparison of reward-contingent neuronal activity in monkey orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Guiding actions toward rewards / J.M. Simmons ... [et al.] -- Orbital versus dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Anatomical insights into content versus process differentiation models of the prefrontal cortex / D.H. Zald -- Difficulty overcoming learned non-reward during reversal learning in rats with ibotenic acid lesions of orbital prefrontal cortex / D.S. Tait, V.J. Brown -- The role of orbitofrontal cortex in decision making. A component process account / L.K. Fellows -- Neuronal activity related to anticipated reward in frontal cortex. Does it represent value or reflect motivation? / M.R. Roesch, C.R. Olson -- Neuronal mechanisms in prefrontal cortex underlying adaptive choice behavior / J.D. Wallis -- Dysfunctions of medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex in psychopathy / R.J.R. Blair -- The orbitofrontal cortex, real-world decision making, and normal aging / N.L. Denburg ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex function and structure in depression / W.C. Drevets -- Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia provide insights into orbitofrontal cortex function and social behavior / I.V. Viskontas, K.L. Possin, B.L. Miller -- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in anxiety disorders / M.R. Milad, S.L. Rauch -- Vulnerability of the orbitofrontal cortex to age-associated structural and functional brain changes / S.M. Resnick ... [et al.] -- The orbital prefrontal cortex and drug addiction in laboratory animals and humans / B.J. Everitt ... [et al.] -- Neural correlates of inflexible behavior in the orbitofrontal-amygdalar circuit after cocaine exposure / T.A. Stalnaker ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex and cognitive-motivational impairments in psychostimulant addiction. Evidence from experiments in the non-human primate / P. Olausson ... [et al.] -- The orbitofrontal cortex, impulsivity, and addiction. Probing orbitofrontal dysfunction at the neural, neurochemical, and molecular level / C.A. Winstanley

Introduction. The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), developed on the basis of J.Haidt's moral foundations theory, has become a popular tool for studying morality. The questionnaire contains five scales corresponding to moral foundations – namely, harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity. Despite moderate reliability of the scales, the technique can be instrumental in identifying moral foundations of social stereotypes and political beliefs in Russian samples, as well as in developing Russian instruments for diagnosing individuals' morality. This study presents the psychometric characteristics of the MFQ Russian version and provides new evidence of the relationship between moral foundations and other variables. Methods. To verify the validity of the proposed MFQ Russian version, we employed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (S.Schwartz) and the Short Dark Triad questionnaire (M.S.Egorova et al.) for measuring Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) was employed for evaluating respondents' tendency to social desirability (E.N.Osin's adaptation). Socio-demographic characteristics were identified using a special questionnaire. Results. Testing the modified version of the questionnaire on a sample comprised of 354 individual participants showed a moderate reliability of five primary scales (0.62–0.68) and a good reliability of secondary scales (0.79–0.84). The factor structure of the MFQ Russian version demonstrated a satisfactory level of matching the original technique. The respondents' answers reflected a moderate level of social desirability. The scales of moral foundations and secondary scales ('ethics of autonomy' and 'ethics of community') showed the expected relationship with values, negative personality traits, religiosity, and gender. Discussion. The unique outcome of pilot testing of the MFQ Russian version was the demonstration of a direct relationship between the individualizing and uniting moral foundations. All other results are in good agreement with the predictions of moral foundations theory and with the conclusions of previous studies. ; Введение. Разработанный на основе теории моральных оснований Дж.Хайдта «Опросник моральных оснований» (MFQ) стал популярным инструментом в зарубежных исследованиях морали. Он включает пять соответствующих моральным основаниям шкал: «забота», «справедливость», «лояльность группе», «уважение» и «чистота». Несмотря на умеренную надежность шкал, методика может оказаться полезной для исследования моральных основ социальных стереотипов и политических убеждений в русскоязычных выборках, а также для разработки отечественных методик диагностики моральной сферы. В данном исследовании впервые представлены психометрические характеристики русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований и приведены новые данные о связи моральных оснований с другими качествами. Методы. Для проверки валидности предложенной русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований использовались «Портретный ценностный опросник» (Ш.Шварц) и «Короткий опросник Темной триады», направленный на измерение макиавеллизма, психопатии и нарциссизма (М.С.Егорова и др.). Для анализа подверженности ответов тенденции к социальной желательности использовался опросник социальной желательности BIDR (адаптация Е.Н.Осина). Социально-демографические характеристики были выявлены с помощью специальной анкеты. Результаты. По итогам апробации адаптированной версии методики на выборке из 354человек сделаны выводы об умеренной надежности пяти первичных шкал (0.62–0.68) и хорошей надежности шкал второго уровня (0.79–0.84). Факторная структура русскоязычной версии показывает удовлетворительное соответствие оригиналу. Выявлена умеренная подверженность ответов тенденции к социальной желательности. Анализ валидности показал, что шкалы моральных оснований и шкалы второго уровня («этика автономии» и «этика сообщества») демонстрируют ожидаемые связи с ценностями, негативными чертами личности, религиозностью и полом. Обсуждение результатов. Особенностью русскоязычной версии является наличие прямых связей между индивидуализирующими и сплачивающими моральными основаниями. Тем не менее, остальные результаты хорошо соответствуют предсказаниям теории моральных оснований и выводам, полученным в зарубежных исследованиях.

16 páginas ; La salud mental en la población es un fenómeno que está íntimamente determinado por factores sociales, ambientales, biológicos y psicológicos; en este sentido, lograr que la población conserve la salud mental, depende, en gran parte, de la intervención del gobierno como estado paternalista, como se había implementado en años anteriores, en donde el estado era un sistema parecido al de Otón Bismark, que se encargaba de la protección de la población, de atención médica y pensiones, por medio de un sistema de seguridad social encargado por el Estado. Lo que se busca con esta investigación es encontrar lagunas legales y crear una ley en salud mental que la vista como derecho humano y tenga una esencia bioética. La creación de una ley en materia de salud mental a nivel nacional es fundamental ya que justificaría muchas de las acciones del pueblo y de sus gobernantes, que dejaría, en claro, la esencia de los actos y la pluralidad de ideas entorno a la creación de parámetros de política pública, en un estado de bienestar social. Como propuesta fundamental, seria calificar la salud mental de diversos gobernantes, nos atrevemos a considerar, y adelantar diagnósticos de psicopatía en muchos de los casos, esperando que nos disculpen los especialistas. ; Mental health in the population is a phenomenon closely determined by social, environmental, biological and psychological factors. In this regard, enabling people to retain their mental health depends largely on the intervention by the government as a paternalistic state, as was implemented in previous years where the state was a system similar to that of Otto von Bismark, responsible for the protection of the population, health care and pensions through a social security system mandated by the State. The intention of this research is to find legal loopholes and create a law on mental health to present it as a human right, with a bioethical essence. Creating a law on mental health at a national level is fundamental, since it would justify many of the actions of the people and their government, which would make clear the essence of their acts and the plurality of ideas regarding the creation of parameters of public policy within a social welfare state. A key proposal would be to rate the mental health of a number of rulers. We dare to consider and advance diagnoses of psychopathy in many of the cases, and hope that specialists can forgive us. ; A saúde mental na população é um fenômeno que está intimamente determinado por fatores sociais, ambientais, biológicos e psicológicos. Nesse sentido, conseguir que a população conserve a saúde mental depende, em grande parte, da intervenção do governo como estado paternalista, como se tinha implantado em anos anteriores, em que o Estado era um sistema parecido ao de Otón Bismark, que se encarregava da proteção da população, do atendimento médico e pensões, por meio de um sistema de segurança social encarregado pelo Estado. O que se pretende com esta pesquisa é encontrar lagunas legais e criar uma lei em saúde mental que a vista como direito humano e tenha uma essência bioética. A criação de uma lei em matéria de saúde mental no âmbito nacional é fundamental, já que justificaria muitas das ações da população e de seus governantes, que deixaria em evidência a essência dos atos e a pluralidade de ideias sobre a criação de parâmetros de política pública num estado de bem-estar social. Como proposta fundamental, seria qualificar a saúde mental de diversos governantes, nos atrevemos a considerar e adiantar diagnósticos de psicopatia em muitos dos casos, esperando que nos desculpem os especialistas.

Mental health in the population is a phenomenon closely determined by social, environmental, biological and psychological factors. In this regard, enabling people to retain their mental health depends largely on the intervention by the government as a paternalistic state, as was implemented in previous years where the state was a system similar to that of Otto von Bismark, responsible for the protection of the population, health care and pensions through a social security system mandated by the State. The intention of this research is to find legal loopholes and create a law on mental health to present it as a human right, with a bioethical essence. Creating a law on mental health at a national level is fundamental, since it would justify many of the actions of the people and their government, which would make clear the essence of their acts and the plurality of ideas regarding the creation of parameters of public policy within a social welfare state. A key proposal would be to rate the mental health of a number of rulers. We dare to consider and advance diagnoses of psychopathy in many of the cases, and hope that specialists can forgive us. ; La salud mental en la población es un fenómeno que está íntimamente determinado por factores sociales, ambientales, biológicos y psicológicos; en este sentido, lograr que la población conserve la salud mental, depende, en gran parte, de la intervención del gobierno como estado paternalista, como se había implementado en años anteriores, en donde el estado era un sistema parecido al de Otón Bismark, que se encargaba de la protección de la población, de atención médica y pensiones, por medio de un sistema de seguridad social encargado por el Estado. Lo que se busca con esta investigación es encontrar lagunas legales y crear una ley en salud mental que la vista como derecho humano y tenga una esencia bioética. La creación de una ley en materia de salud mental a nivel nacional es fundamental ya que justificaría muchas de las acciones del pueblo y de sus gobernantes, que dejaría, en claro, la esencia de los actos y la pluralidad de ideas entorno a la creación de parámetros de política pública, en un estado de bienestar social. Como propuesta fundamental, seria calificar la salud mental de diversos gobernantes, nos atrevemos a considerar, y adelantar diagnósticos de psicopatía en muchos de los casos, esperando que nos disculpen los especialistas. DOI:10.5294/pebi.2014.18.2.12 ; A saúde mental na população é um fenômeno que está intimamente determinado por fatores sociais, ambientais, biológicos e psicológicos. Nesse sentido, conseguir que a população conserve a saúde mental depende, em grande parte, da intervenção do governo como estado paternalista, como se tinha implantado em anos anteriores, em que o Estado era um sistema parecido ao de Otón Bismark, que se encarregava da proteção da população, do atendimento médico e pensões, por meio de um sistema de segurança social encarregado pelo Estado. O que se pretende com esta pesquisa é encontrar lagunas legais e criar uma lei em saúde mental que a vista como direito humano e tenha uma essência bioética. A criação de uma lei em matéria de saúde mental no âmbito nacional é fundamental, já que justificaria muitas das ações da população e de seus governantes, que deixaria em evidência a essência dos atos e a pluralidade de ideias sobre a criação de parâmetros de política pública num estado de bem-estar social. Como proposta fundamental, seria qualificar a saúde mental de diversos governantes, nos atrevemos a considerar e adiantar diagnósticos de psicopatia em muitos dos casos, esperando que nos desculpem os especialistas.