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Debates around the concept of social capital are often also debates about the level at which social capital can be abstracted for analytical use. Yet while many theorists and commentators involved in these debates implicitly discuss the issue of abstraction it is rarely done explicitly. In this article I attempt to overcome this missing link in the social capital literature by theoretically examining the 'social' in 'social capital' through interconnected levels of abstraction. In particular, and at a high level of abstraction, I argue that social capital is underpinned by a contradictory relationship associated with what I term as 'isolated reciprocity'. At lower levels of abstraction I show how isolated reciprocity poses problems for the establishment of 'good' social capital in the UK.

The term social infrastructure is increasingly being discussed in academic literature, policy reports and public forums. We might even go so far as to say it is the latest buzzword. Feminist economists understand social infrastructures as encompassing all aspects of social reproduction,
but these ideas are routinely sidelined in wider debates. This article provides a critical reading of key trends in the ways the term social infrastructure is currently being defined and deployed: namely, as being equivalent to social spaces and spaces of sociability, such as community centres,
parks and libraries, rather than being understood in terms of labour, gender and social reproduction. Part of the reason for this is the association between social reproduction and the home, which leads to a dismissal of reproductive work in communities at large. In writing about infrastructures
more generally, it is not uncommon for gendered labour, care and reproduction to go completely ignored, or at least to only be discussed in relation to physical infrastructure. This simultaneous erasure and co-optation of feminist ideas has the effect of diminishing, diluting and marginalising
the role of social reproduction as the foundation of our economy and society. It is therefore also a form of depoliticisation. In the article's conclusion, the case is made for recognising and reclaiming social reproduction as social infrastructure: an infra-structural approach could help
alleviate long-standing tensions in definitions of social reproduction as both process and practice, and as operating on multiple scales.

Debates around the concept of social capital are often also debates about the level at which social capital can be abstracted for analytical use. Yet while many theorists & commentators involved in these debates implicitly discuss the issue of abstraction it is rarely done explicitly. In this article I attempt to overcome this missing link in the social capital literature by theoretically examining the 'social' in 'social capital' through interconnected levels of abstraction. In particular, & at a high level of abstraction, I argue that social capital is underpinned by a contradictory relationship associated with what I term as 'isolated reciprocity.' At lower levels of abstraction I show how isolated reciprocity poses problems for the establishment of 'good' social capital in the UK. 110 References. Adapted from the source document.

Síntesis del articulo de Manuel Martín Serrano "Efectos de las crisis sobre las clases sociales, analizados desde un modelo marxista" en Revista Internacional de Sociología No 49, tomo XLII, 1984, pp. 101-122.

The papers in this e-book feature a number of viewpoints on the differing 'realities' of social networks and networking. The papers included cover such topics as making sense of the plethora of social tools, social networking sites, and web applications available, Value Network Analysis, social networks and work, solidarity networks, complex adaptive systems and the applicability of theories of leadership and knowledge sharing in multinationals and worldwide networks