Suchergebnisse

"In an influential paper, Baily (1978) showed that the optimal level of unemployment insurance (UI) in a stylized static model depends on only three parameters: risk aversion, the consumption-smoothing benefit of UI, and the elasticity of unemployment durations with respect to the benefit rate. This paper examines the key economic assumptions under which these parameters determine the optimal level of social insurance. A Baily-type expression, with an adjustment for precautionary saving motives, holds in a very general class of dynamic models subject to weak regularity conditions. For example, the simple reduced-form formula derived here applies with arbitrary borrowing constraints, endogenous insurance markets, and search and leisure benefits of unemployment. A counterintuitive aspect of this result is that the optimal benefit rate appears not to depend on (1) any benefit of UI besides consumption-smoothing or (2) the relative magnitudes of income and substitution effects in the link between UI benefits and durations. However, these parameters enter implicitly in the optimal benefit calculation, and estimating them can be useful in testing whether the values of the primary inputs are consistent with observed behavior"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Much of the key to the future of the British party system rests in the nature of the support for the Liberal-Social Democratic Alliance. If that support is a protest vote, the possibility of realignment within the party system is negligible; if it is socially and attitudinally distinct, then the potential for a fundamental realignment is clearly present. By applying multivariate analysis to survey data, examines the social and attitudinal bases of support for the Alliance in the 1983 British general election. (AM)

© The Author(s) 2019. Parties and candidates target campaign resources where they are most likely to pay electoral dividends. At the individual level it has been shown that some individuals are more likely to be persuaded by campaign contacts than others. In a parallel tradition of measuring campaign effectiveness at the macro level, previous research has demonstrated that local candidate campaign effort measured is significantly related to electoral performance. However, while there is evidence suggestive of macro level effects, there is little systematic evidence about the district level conditions under which campaign efforts are most productive. Drawing on extensive data across six UK general elections between 1992 and 2015, we advance a theory of local campaign efficacy and test a general model of popularity equilibrium. We demonstrate that there is a curvilinear relationship between the underlying level of party support in an electoral district and the intensity of the district-level campaign – there is a 'sweet-spot' for maximizing the returns of campaign effort. ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) grant ES/M007251/1

Escalas gráficas además en Milles Italiens au géographiques de 60 au degre, etc. Coordenadas : E2 20'-E17 00'/N48 20'-N35 00'. Meridiano de París ; Relieve : lineas perpendiculares normales ; Copia digital . España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2010

THE LABOUR PARTY WAS DECISIVELY DEFEATED AT THE 1979 general election. The Conservatives not only won 70 more seats than Labour but its lead of 6.9% was considerably bigger than that of Harold Macmdlan in 1959, while the swing away from Labour to Tory was the largest since 1945. What is even more depressing is that the Labour share of the poll was its lowest since 1931.

Abstract Background Child and adolescent mental health problems are frequently not identified and properly treated within general practice. Politicians in the Netherlands are promoting more primary healthcare treatment for mental health problems. The current study aims to evaluate an integrated primary mental healthcare approach for child and adolescent emotional and behavioural problems. This integrated approach allows general practitioners (GPs) to comprehensively explore the request for help, followed by an informed decision to refer, offer short-term treatment within general practice or postpone a decision by asking for additional consultations with youth mental health specialists. Method The study is a naturalistic evaluation of Dutch general practices with pre-test and post-test comparison with controls based on data from Electronic Medical Records (EMR). The intervention started in September 2010. EMR data of all GP contacts with children aged 4 to 18 (including diagnosis, prescriptions, referrals) from practices involved in the intervention was used from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2012. Extra codes were added to the EMR to record aspects of the intervention. Comparable EMR data was used in control practices in 2011. Results GPs in the intervention group were able to identify more emotional and behavioural problems after the integrated service had started. They also identified more problems than GPs in the control practices. They were already reluctant to prescribe psychopharmacological medication to children before the intervention, and levels of prescription at intervention GP practices remained low for psychotropic drugs compared to control practices. Referral rates to mental healthcare remained relatively steady after the introduction of the integrated service, but referrals switched from specialized to primary mental healthcare. Conclusion An integrated mental healthcare approach within general practice may lead to an increase in detected psychosocial problems among children, and these problems can mainly be treated within the primary care setting.

This review essay explores the security–religion nexus by evaluating two books contributing to the "restorative turn" in International Relations (IR) theory and practice. While Securing the Sacred and Religion in the Military Worldwide "bring religion back" into the realm of international politics and security, I argue that the analytical purpose of the books is problematic, given that both studies imply a normative logic to the security–religion nexus. This is difficult for two reasons. First, it rests on an assumption about the resurgence of religion in the world and the conduct of research. Second, it furthers a powerful discourse in which religion has a rightful place in an orderly society. I therefore provide a critical contribution to the security–religion nexus by urging scholars of religion and security to embrace their underlying normative positions.

The article analyzes the inclusion of digital anthropology and ethnography in the study of the audience online that conditions cyber politics with the use of social networks on the Internet. For some years now, the political cyber activism of users, carried out through social media, has played an important role in strengthening or supporting movements, parties and political leaders, directly influencing the results of the various electoral elections in different parts of the world. In order to understand this phenomenon, it is important to take into account the aforementioned disciplines, which constitute paradigms in the emergence of new political movements in the network and which, when applied to social networks, make up an increasingly necessary study cocktail. For the present work, a bibliographic review of the description and fundamental characteristics of digital anthropology and ethnography is carried out and the web pages of the main social media (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) of political parties and leaders in the general elections have been taken in Spain, on 2019. The result obtained suggests an increasingly specialized use of ethnographic and anthropological techniques in the study of social networks in political or social spheres, and, consequently, their use in the study of media audiences on the Internet. ; El artículo analiza la inclusión de la antropología y etnografía digital en el estudio de la audiencia online que condiciona la ciberpolítica con el uso de las redes sociales en Internet. Desde hace algunos años, el ciberactivismo político de usuarios, realizado a través de los medios sociales, juega un papel importante en el fortalecimiento o respaldo de movimientos, partidos y líderes políticos, influyendo directamente en los resultados de los diversos comicios electorales en diferentes partes del mundo. Para entender este fenómeno es importante tener en cuenta las disciplinas mencionadas las mismas que constituyen paradigmas en la eclosión de los nuevos movimientos políticos en red y que aplicadas a las redes sociales configuran un coctel de estudio cada vez más necesario. Para el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la descripción y características fundamentales de la antropología y etnografía digital y se han tomado como referencia las páginas web de los principales medios sociales (Facebook, Twitter e Instagram) de partidos y líderes políticos en las elecciones de 2019 en España. El resultado obtenido sugiere un uso cada vez más especializado de las técnicas etnográficas y antropológicas en el estudio las redes sociales en ámbitos políticos o sociales, y, por consiguiente, su uso en el estudio de audiencias de los medios en Internet.