Suchergebnisse

Building behemoth : Indonesian constructions of the nation-state / Ruth McVey -- Language fantasy, revolution : Java 1900-1950 / Benedict R. O'G. Anderson -- Sjahrir at Boven Digoel : reflections on exile in the Dutch East Indies / Rudolf Mrz̀ek -- Diplomacy and armed struggle in the Indonesian national revolution : choice and constraint in a comparative perspective / Barbara Harvey -- When we were young : the exile of the Republic's leaders in Bangka, 1949 / Mary Somers Heidhues -- Nationalism, revolution, and organization in Indonesian communism / Ruth McVey -- The post-coup massacre in Bali / Geoffrey Robinson -- Between state and society : professional lawyers and reform in Indonesia / Daniel S. Lev -- Rewiring the Indonesian state / Takashi Shiraishi -- Community participation, indigenous ideology, activist politics : Indonesian NGO's in the 1990's / Fred Bunnell

'Northrop Frye' is a 15,000 word online chapter taking the form of an annotated bibliography, divided into categories and hyperlinked to other entries in the Oxford Bibliographies Online. Each category contains around half a dozen key works, by Frye and about Frye, and each entry is annotated. the categories are: Introduction; Anatomy of Criticism; Commentaries and Introductions to Anatomy of Criticism; Negative Responses to Anatomy of Criticism; Biographies and Contextual Approaches; Canadian Literature and Culture; William Blake; Romanticism; The Bible, Christianity and Religion; The Great Code, Words with Power, and The Double Vision; 'Interpenetration'; The University and Education; Politics and Cultural Theory; The Critical Path and Other Primary Texts; Shakespeare; Literary Criticism; Reappraisals and Retrospectives; Eastern, Western and Other Perspectives; Miscellaneous Writings; Archives, Finding Aids and Blogs; Bibliographies and Indexes to the Primary Texts. Oxford Bibliographies Online is a continually updated resource.

Preliminary material /S.A. Arjomand -- Chapter One. Constitutional development and political reconstruction from nation-building to new constitutionalism -- Chapter Two. Regimes reinventing themselves: Constitutional development in the arab world /Nathan Brown -- Chapter Three. Constitutions and political reconstruction? Israel's by quest for a constitution /Ruth Gavison -- Chapter Four. A globalizing constitutionalism? Views from the Postcolony, 1945–2000 /Julian Go -- Chapter Five. The rule of law and politics of reform in post-revolutionary Iran /Keyvan Tabari -- Chapter Six. Post-Colonial collages: Distributions of power and constitutional models,with special reference to South Africa /Heinz Klug -- Chapter Seven. Constitutional engineering and impact: The case of Fiji /Jill Cottrell and Yash Ghai -- Chapter Eight. Parliament and the political class in the constitutional reconstruction of Poland: Two constitutions in one /Jacek Kurczewski -- Chapter Nine. Constitutionalism and the presidency in the Russian Federation /Anders Fogelklou -- Chapter Ten. Institutional innovations and moral foundations of constitutionalism in east central Europe: Coping with the past human rights violations /Grazyna Skapska -- Chapter Eleven. The constitution in the process of denationalization /Dieter Grimm -- Chapter Twelve. The role of constitutional courts in the transition to democracy, with special reference to Hungary /László Sólyom -- Chapter Thirteen. Constitutional negotiations: Political contexts of judicial activism in post-soviet Europe /Kim Lane Scheppele -- Chapter Fourteen. Women and the cost of transition to democratic constitutionalism in Spain /Ruth Rubio-Marín -- Chapter Fifteen. Dissolution of political parties by the constitutional court in Turkey:Judicial delimitation of the political domain /Dicle Kogacioglu -- List of contributors /S.A. Arjomand -- Index /S.A. Arjomand.

This edited volume determines where slavery in the Islamic world fits within the global history of slavery and the various models that have been developed to analyze it. To that end, the authors focus on a question about Islamic slavery that has frequently been asked but not answered satisfactorily, namely, what is Islamic about slavery in the Islamic world. Through the fields of history, sociology, literature, women's studies, African studies, and comparative slavery studies, this book is an important contribution to the scholarly research on slavery in the Islamic lands, which continues to be understudied and under-represented in global slavery studies. Mary Ann Fay is former Associate Professor of History in the Department of History and Geography at Morgan State University, USA and is the author of Unveiling the Harem: Elite Women and the Paradox of Seclusion in Eighteenth- Century Cairo

Addresses the issue of comparing welfare regimes with a particular focus on poverty policies, drawing on European Community Household Panel project data. Methodology is discussed, & data are presented to highlight the relevant differences among the northern & southern European countries. The main features of the Portuguese case are presented & evaluated in the context of this broader analysis. 29 References. Adapted from the source document.

The relationship of political actors and journalists is a central topic in political communication research. However, it remains challenging to explain the different patterns of interaction observed in different contexts. To address that challenge, this study draws theoretically on the concept of "political communication cultures" and transfers the logic of internationally comparative research to the local level to analyze patterns and causes of politics–media interactions in a large number of diverse contexts. To this end, micro-level empirical data from a representative survey of more than 600 local political actors and journalists in fifty-two German cities were integrated with macro-level data describing the social, political, and media contexts of those cities. This allows us, first, to describe patterns of politics–media relations at the notoriously under-researched local level in terms of proximity, dependency, and seclusiveness of the politics–media milieu. Second, we are able to investigate various potential micro- and macro-level causes of those patterns. We show that different dimensions of relationships are variously affected by different factors; among these, media and political competition seem to be significant predictors of politics–media relations.

"From 1789 to 1913, U.S. senators were not directly elected by the people--instead the Constitution mandated that they be chosen by state legislators. This radically changed in 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, giving the public a direct vote. Electing the Senate investigates the electoral connections among constituents, state legislators, political parties, and U.S. senators during the age of indirect elections. Wendy Schiller and Charles Stewart find that even though parties controlled the partisan affiliation of the winning candidate for Senate, they had much less control over the universe of candidates who competed for votes in Senate elections and the parties did not always succeed in resolving internal conflict among their rank and file. Party politics, money, and personal ambition dominated the election process, in a system originally designed to insulate the Senate from public pressure. Electing the Senate uses an original data set of all the roll call votes cast by state legislators for U.S. senators from 1871 to 1913 and all state legislators who served during this time. Newspaper and biographical accounts uncover vivid stories of the political maneuvering, corruption, and partisanship--played out by elite political actors, from elected officials, to party machine bosses, to wealthy business owners--that dominated the indirect Senate elections process. Electing the Senate raises important questions about the effectiveness of Constitutional reforms, such as the Seventeenth Amendment, that promised to produce a more responsive and accountable government."--

Since 1995, Freedom House's Nations in Transit series has monitored the status of democratic change from Central Europe to Eurasia, pinpointing the region's greatest reform opportunities and challenges for the benefit of policymakers, researchers, journalists, and democracy advocates alike. Covering 29 countries, Nations in Transit provides comparative ratings and in-depth analysis of electoral process, civil society, independent media, national and local democratic governance, judicial framework, and corruption. Nations in Transit 2013 evaluates developments in these areas from January 1 to

Why do major political parties die? The shelf life of minor parties in democracies tends to be short, but major parties tend to be highly durable. The Democratic Party of the United States and the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom have been going strong for two centuries. Major parties perpetuate themselves by maintaining a consistent ideology on major national issues, even at the cost of periodic defeats at the polls. In American politics, ideological polarization maintains the vitality of the two major parties and renders them almost immune to threats from new parties, even as it impe.

Exploring the questions of how much & why immigration has been a source of political discontent & frustration in Western democracies, the migration context of three sets of Western democracies (the English-speaking settler societies, West European countries, & South European nations) is described, & answers are sought regarding plausible linkages between the scale, timing, & characteristics of migration, & the substance & process of migration policies, on the one hand, & support for government, on the other. Trying to move beyond plausibility, indirect indicators of the impact of immigration on Western publics are discussed: attitudes toward immigration policy & immigrants, support for extremist parties, & acts of violence & disorder linked to anti-immigrant or racist motives. Conclusions are qualified because political malaise is overdetermined. Immigration is undeniably a contributing factor, but it is tied to more general developments so that its independent effect remains unspecified. 72 References. Adapted from the source document.

Summary The article provides an analysis of the upper and bottom fox, José María Arguedas's postuma novel, where the Peruvian and Latin American political context, the author's history and discussions within the literary fields of the country and the region are linked. Particular attention is paid to the conception of the relationship between language and reality raised by the novel, and how this relates to Arguedas' political positions. Before analysing the novelty, the article presents the discussions in which the author participated a couple of years before the writ of the novel and how these were verified around the concepts of genuine realism. and, at the forefront, in Latin America and Peru. ; Resumen El artículo hace un análisis de El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, novela postuma de José María Arguedas, en donde se relacionan el contexto político peruano y latinoamericano, la trayectoria del autor y las discusiones al interior de los campos literarios del país y la región. Se pone especial atención a la concepción de la relación entre lenguaje y realidad que plantea la novela, y la manera en que esto se relaciona con las posturas políticas de Arguedas. Antes de analizar la novela, el artículo presenta los debates en los que participó el autor un par de años antes de la escritura de la novela y la manera en que estos se verificaban en torno a los conceptos de "realismo" y "vanguardia" en Latinoamérica y el Perú.

Comparative analysis of political aspects of fiscal policy in countries such as Great Britain, Australia, Germany, Spain, Canada, and Belgium; 9 articles. Based on papers from the conference, "Comparative Fiscal Federalism," held at the University of Birmingham in Jan. 2002. Contents: Spectators and audiences: the politics of UK territorial finance, by James Mitchell; Cycles of conflict: fiscal equalization in Germany, by Charlie Jeffery; The asymmetric distribution of taxation powers in the Spanish state of autonomies: the common system and the foral regimes, by Violeta Ruiz Almendral; Revenue-raising by UK devolved administrations in the context of an expenditure-based financing system, by David Heald, Alasdair McLeod; Patterns and principles of fiscal federalism in Belgium, by Magali Verdonck, Kris Deschouwer; Equalization in Commonwealth federations, by Ronald L. Watts; The regional dimensions of federal intergovernmental and interpersonal transfers in Canada, 1981-2001, by François Vaillancourt, Stephanie Rault; Financial arrangements between the Australian government and Australian states, by Malcolm Nicholas; The politics of territorial finance, by Charlie Jeffery.

This paper discusses a new group of parties that we term anti-establishment reform parties (AERPs), which combine moderate social and economic policies with anti-establishment appeals and a desire to change the way politics is conducted. We analyse the electoral breakthroughs of AERPs in central and eastern Europe (CEE), the region where AERPs have so far been most successful. Examples include the Simeon II National Movement, Movement for the European Development of Bulgaria (GERB) (Bulgaria), Res Publica (Estonia), New Era (Latvia), TOP09 and Public Affairs (Czech Republic) and Positive Slovenia. We examine the conditions under which such parties broke through in nine CEE states in 1997–2012 using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). We find five sufficient causal paths combining high or rising corruption, rising unemployment and party system instability. Rising corruption plays a key role in most pathways but, unexpectedly, AERP breakthroughs are more closely associated with economic good times than bad