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This article presents an attempt to define the framework and the possible guidelines for analyzing the influence of professional education on social stratification given the current conditions of social reality.

The author points out that the structural changes in all social institutions (including professional education and the labor market), the fluidity and dynamism of modern social reality, and conserving a dichotomy of fluidity when speaking of the Russian context – rigidity, the expansion and inflation of professional education combined with the preservation of inequality when it comes to implementing educational trajectories – all of this makes studying the connection between social stratification, professional education and social mobility ever the more relevant.

Researchers face the following acute questions: what sort of role is played by professional education in promoting or restricting an individual's social mobility? How has the expansion and inflation of education redefined the selection and allocation of human capital? In which way does the connection change between social stratification, professional education and social mobility, what are the foundations, the sociological study tradition and the theoretical-methodological prospects for the future?

In order to find answers, the author examines both traditional theoretical-methodological approaches, and ones that are new to sociology of education.

The article substantiates the notion that structural-functional theory does not possess a comprehensive explanatory potential in the study of the socio-structural role of professional education in regards to social mobility. The author substantiates the following thesis from a conflict analysis standpoint: democratizing access to professional education does not mean the reduction of class inequality or the emergence of a society of equal opportunity. Within the paradigm of an activity-related approach in sociology of education, where education is viewed not just as a separate social institution, but as part of a larger system of social action and social inequality, the definitive role of motivation and proactiveness is emphasized, with them producing a positive effect when it comes to attaining higher professional status.

The accelerating rate of change in society, the multidimensionality and polyvariance in implementing educational and professional trajectories in modern society indicate the need for a multidimensional evaluation of social mobility. In regards to the topic of education, and when it comes to analyzing the implementation of educational trajectories, professional education represents a vital condition and a necessary prerequisite for an individual to exercise social mobility both in terms of objective and subjective coordinates of mobility, and in regards to research methods and methodology, this demands synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and, consequently, opens up new opportunities for interpreting results and perceiving social reality.

14. Supporting each other in the future -- Rethinking public services -- Transforming occupational and professional education and training -- Public service practice -- The 'gap-mending' approach -- New forms of collective services and peer support/assistance -- New organisational forms -- The economics of social policy -- Economic policy for social well-being -- Conclusion -- 15. Changing welfare -- Theoretical approaches to change -- Models of change -- Our relation with change -- Towards inclusive participation for change -- Humanising and democratising change -- Conclusion -- Afterword. The future: a different way forward? -- The need to renew social policy -- A new paradigm -- Revaluing our welfare -- Reflecting on myself -- All our children -- From baby Timothy to baby Isobel -- Appedix One. The family -- * The date when the account was provided or obtained. -- Sample letter/email -- Appendix 2. Research projects and related publications -- Vagrancy and single homelessness -- Public participation in land-use planning -- Children in care in North Battersea -- Patch-based social services -- Service user and citizen involvement -- Involving poor people in poverty analysis and research -- The citizens' commission on the future of the welfare state -- Leonard Cheshire empowerment project -- Researching with disabled people -- Service user networking and knowledge -- Advancing user involvement in and user-controlled research -- Palliative care -- Person-centred support: The standards we expect -- Involving older people -- Beyond the usual suspects -- Towards a social model of madness and distress -- Developing service user knowledge -- First-hand experience -- References -- Index.

Redefining the concept of new media in China, this cutting edge book discusses the impact of social media on Chinese public life. Examining its characteristics and the different forms of social media, such as internet and mobile phone media, weibo, wechat and micro-blogging, it considers how public opinion evolves through this media and its interaction with traditional media. It also offers a unique analysis of growing new media platforms, the challenges of government management and the impact of micro-blogging on journalism in China. Through quantitative research, the book also analyses new media user behavior in China, offering a?butterfly effect? model for public opinion based on new media. It also shows the relevance of the sociological Matthew Effect and addresses issues such as the?20 million? phenomenon and the Internet Water army (Wangluo shuijun), groups of Internet ghost-writers paid to post specific content online. Finally, it scrutinizes the the issue of mass disturbance in new media in China, researching evolutionary mechanisms and academic models of mass disturbance through a series of case studies. Written by a leader in the field of Chinese new media, this book constitutes a valuable read to scholars of media and communications studies, and all those interested by the development and the increasing impact of new media in China.

A study of rural development in Latin America as it relates to the factors of territorial division, migration, public policy, rural collective action and local governments. About half of the book is devoted to specific studies conducted in Costa Rica

The Digital Transformation of Education / Jack M. Balkin and Julia Sonnevend -- Addressing the Social Envelope : Education and the Digital Divide / Mark Warschauer -- Do You See What I see? : Visibility of Practices through Social Media / Danah Boyd -- ICTs Education in Developing Countries : The Case Study of India / Colin Agur -- Social Media Education in News Organizations : Experimentations at the BBC / Valerie Belair-Gagnon -- Social Media and Challenges to Traditional Educational Models / Chris Dede -- Reframing Privacy and Youth Media Practices / John Palfrey -- The Growth of Online Universities : How to Solve the Accreditation Dilemma, Protect Students, and Expand Access to Higher Education / Yite John Lu and Nicholas Bramble -- Copyright Reform and Educational Progress / Nicholas Bramble -- Do We Really Need Media Education 2.0? : Teaching Media in the Age of Participatory Culture / David Buckingham -- A Model for International, Tuition-Free, Open Education Powered by Social Media : The Case of University of the People (UoPeople) / Shai Reshef -- Technology and the Economics of Education / Daniel Greenwood -- Social Media and Education on a Massive Scale : The Case of MOOCs / Minh Mai, Adam Poppe, and Christine Greenhow -- Social Media and Teacher Education : The Case of STARTALK / Jiahang Li -- Teens' Participatory Play : Digital Media Learning through Civic Engagement / Benjamin Gleason -- Conclusion : Making the New Status Quo : Social Media in Education / Ri Pierce-Grove

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Three-Step Procedure -- 2.1 Classification of Social Phenomena -- 2.1.1 Classification of Threats to Journalists -- 2.2 Metrics of Social Phenomena -- 2.2.1 Measures of Threats to Journalists -- 2.3 Measurement of Social Phenomena -- 2.3.1 Measuring Threats to Journalists -- 2.4 Shadow Parts of Social Phenomena -- 2.4.1 The Shadow Part of Threats to Journalists -- 3 Covariant Dimensions -- 3.1 Selection -- 3.1.1 Selection of Covariant Dimensions of Journalistic Activity -- 3.2 Indicators -- 3.2.1 Indicators of Journalistic Activity -- 3.3 Relationships -- 3.3.1 Concepts of Relationship -- 3.3.2 Study Design -- 3.3.3 Model Selection -- 3.3.4 Threats to Journalists -- 4 Integrating -- 4.1 Integrating Knowledge -- 4.2 Integrating Data -- 4.2.1 Integrating Data for the Analysis of the News Market -- Selected References.

Aspects of the religious scene. Marabouts and brotherhoods.
Apparently religious life in Mauritanian society perpetuates traditional features characterized by the influence of Saints and leaders of religious brotherhoods. This obscures important developments : the influence of brotherhood organisational patterns borrowed from Senegal is one of them, as well as the interpenetration of urban and rural Islamic patterns. However, these religious affiliations are partly different from the other forms of social affiliations and it is difficult to know how they will evolve.

Telephone helplines have become one of the most pervasive sites of expert-lay interaction in modern societies throughout the world. Yet surprisingly little is known of the in situ, language-based processes of help-seeking and help-giving behavior that occurs within them. This collection of original studies by both internationally renowned and emerging scholars seeks to improve upon this state of affairs. It does so by offering some of the first systematic investigations of naturally-occurring spoken interaction in telephone helplines. Using the methods of Conversation Analysis, each of the con

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of extracts -- Acknowledgement -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Introduction -- INGOs, languages, and T& -- I -- Conceptual framework -- Engaged research and critical reflexivity -- A note on international development terminology -- Underpinning research -- Structure of the book -- References -- Chapter 2 Translation management in INGOs throughout history -- Introduction -- Save the Children UK: A history of language silence -- Organisational growth and restructuring as an incentive for translation management -- Translation management choices and challenges: Limitations of policies and internal services -- Translation as a resource, as risk management, or as inclusion -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Translating One Global Amnesty: Managing Amnesty's message and voice in translation -- Introduction -- Becoming One Global Amnesty -- Amnesty press releases -- Diverging views on the role of translation in a changing Amnesty -- Discussion and concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Managing volunteer translation: On quality, risk, and ethics in Amnesty's Urgent Action translations -- Introduction -- Amnesty's global Urgent Action network -- Managing volunteer translation: Amnesty Flanders (AIVL) network of Urgent Action translators -- Translation output -- Volunteer translation, risk, and social justice -- Improving practice -- Discussion and concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Language and translation ideologies in international NGOs: Explaining the paradox between English as a lingua franca and social justice values -- Introduction -- Language and translation ideology -- Interview data.