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An Anthropology of Landscape tells the fascinating story of a heathland landscape in south-west England and the way different individuals and groups engage with it. Based on a long-term anthropological study, the book emphasises four individual themes: embodied identities, the landscape as a sensuous material form that is acted upon and in turn acts on people, the landscape as contested, and its relation to emotion. The landscape is discussed in relation to these themes as both 'taskscape' and 'leisurescape', and from the perspective of different user groups. First, those who manage the landscape and use it for work: conservationists, environmentalists, archaeologists, the Royal Marines, and quarrying interests. Second, those who use it in their leisure time: cyclists and horse riders, model aircraft flyers, walkers, people who fish there, and artists who are inspired by it. The book makes an innovative contribution to landscape studies and will appeal to all those interested in nature conservation, historic preservation, the politics of nature, the politics of identity, and an anthropology of Britain.

Studies of minority representation customarily focus on groups whose social position remains steady over the time period in question. We consider whether and how Arab-American representation shifted following September 11th as the group's social status changed rapidly. We analyze the determinants of Senate voting alongside the Arab-American Institute from 2000 to 2008. We employ ordinary least square (OLS) regression models that account for the time series cross-sectional (TSCS) nature of our panel data. Our findings suggest that Arab-American representation significantly declined in the wake of September 11th, both among Democratic and Republican senators. As the political environment improved over time, representation slowly rose in subsequent years. We show that the quality of Arab-American representation declined after September 11th despite no significant change in either their size or in electoral outcomes. We also show that broad theories of minority representation apply to even small ethnic groups, as the determinants of Arab-American representation parallel those of African Americans and Latinos. Adapted from the source document.

An Anthropology of Landscape tells the fascinating story of a heathland landscape in south-west England and the way different individuals and groups engage with it. Based on a long-term anthropological study, the book emphasises four individual themes: embodied identities, the landscape as a sensuous material form that is acted upon and in turn acts on people, the landscape as contested, and its relation to emotion. The landscape is discussed in relation to these themes as both 'taskscape' and 'leisurescape', and from the perspective of different user groups. First, those who manage the landscape and use it for work: conservationists, environmentalists, archaeologists, the Royal Marines, and quarrying interests. Second, those who use it in their leisure time: cyclists and horse riders, model aircraft flyers, walkers, people who fish there, and artists who are inspired by it. The book makes an innovative contribution to landscape studies and will appeal to all those interested in nature conservation, historic preservation, the politics of nature, the politics of identity, and an anthropology of Britain.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Legal Bondage and 'betaghs' -- Chapter 2: Free Gaelic Men in English Ireland -- Chapter 3: The Legal Status of Women -- Chapter 4: Legal Discrimination, Disseisins, and Land Transfers -- Chapter 5: Irish Sea Region Ethnicities -- Chapter 6: The Effects of Ethnicity in Criminal Cases -- Chapter 7: The Role of Ethnicity in the Legal Status of Clerics -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

This article examines the distributive implications of dismantling strategies applied to public policies in order to confront the multiple crises that have taken place in Spain since 2008. The hypotheses concern the logic of dismantling, while considering different theoretical alternatives. First, it is suspected that the configuration of social groups and business interests affects how dismantling strategies are chosen: the corporatist state selectively protects its closer clientele. Second, the characteristics of policies and instruments are discussed, with the suggestion that there was a preference for dismantling those that were less costly for the politicians. To assess these interpretations, variations across policy sectors in Spain during the period 2008–2012 are analysed and different areas of regulatory and expenditure policies are considered.

Argues that in context of "unorthodox policy-making" in Congress, interest groups have transformed themselves into "strange bedfellows," which seem to emerge particularly on issues like campaign finance reform where groups' interest in retaining this influence outweighs their interest; US. The term "strange bedfellows" in the context of campaign finance reform refers both to the "unorthodox alignment of interest groups who typically oppose each other," and to the non-traditional roles that interest groups have taken upon themselves in the legislative process.

Laura Moran presents an analysis on how young migrant and refugee people in Brisbane, Australia, make and represent their identities as they seek to belong in friend groups and networks. Moran demonstrates how the multiculturalist framework in Australia expose refugee and migrant youth to a variety of conflicting expectations about self-representation. More specifically, while these young people are often expected to adapt and integrate into Australian society, their identities are highly racialized and fixed as outsiders with an emphasis on tolerance. Young refugees in Brisbane, then, absorb, negotiate, and respond to the competing messages about integration and tolerance and forge a sense of who they are and where they belong to. Asserting that children and youth are at the center of transnational migration and multiculturalist inclusion, Moran seeks to depict a comprehensive picture of how young refugees, as both outsiders and insiders of the Australian society, form their identities and belonging.Instead of measuring the successes and failures of the multicultural ideals by expecting refugee youth to prove their integration to society and participation in the tolerance rhetoric, the book points out the importance of understanding the perspectives and frames of youth as forms of participation. The book is exceptionally legible and accessible, as it is written clearly and concisely and is available as an Open Access volume. It will appeal to scholars and students across disciplines – such as education, anthropology, sociology, geography, ethnic studies, political science, social work, and public administration – as well as to general public that is interested in human rights, migration, youth, race, ethnicity, and multiculturalism.

Focusing on questions of social identity, empowerment and computation, D. Fox Harrell explores the emerging world of "phantasmal identities," that moment when the meaning of social identity is complicated by its intersection with computing technologies including social networking, gaming, virtual worlds and more. Here, social identities are not addressed only through persistent issues of class, gender, sex, race, and ethnicity, but also through dynamic construction of social categories, body language, discourse, metaphorical thought, gesture, fashion, and so on. When these "real" identities meet their counterparts in the virtual world, the results are identities that are a sudden blend of cultural ideas and sensory imagination, namely the increasing development of "phantasmal identities." Dr. D. Fox Harrell, Associate Professor of Digital Media in the Comparative Media Studies Program and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. ; Arthur Kroker, Canada Research Chair in Technology, Culture and Theory, Digital Inflections, Cultural, Social and Political Thought ; Faculty ; Unreviewed

In this volume, guest editor Qvortrup brings together contributions representing structural, historical, and comparative perspectives on the study of children and youth. Here, childhood is conceived as a structural feature of society, subject to the stable and changing forces of the larger social context, and comparable across time and cultures. Such perspectives have been relatively under-represented in the "New Sociology of Childhood," which has tended both to stress children's agency, and to favour ethnographic methods of inquiry. The series editors are pleased to expand and enliven the foci of Sociological Studies of Children and Youth with this volume edited by the internationally renowned Danish Sociologist Jens Qvortrup, the first non-U.S. editor in the series' history.

Details the circumstances of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, which resulted in some 800,000 fatalities in 100 days. An examination of ethnic bigotry in the rivalry of the Tutsi minority-Hutu majority uncovers the roots of genocide: the destructive legacy of colonial era indirect rule; radio broadcasts of racist elitist propaganda spouted by intellectuals; the culture of obedience; & a combination of tyranny, anarchy, ethnicity, & organized crime. Interviews with Hutus reveal their compelling fear of top militia leaders & of a return to feudalism if they refused to kill rival Tutsis. J. Sadler

How well do governments represent the societies they serve? A key aspect of this question concerns the extent to which leaders reflect the demographic features of the population they represent. To address this important issue in a systematic manner, we propose a unified approach for measuring descriptive representation. We apply this approach to newly collected data describing the ethnic, linguistic, religious, and gender identities of over fifty thousand leaders serving in 1,552 political bodies across 156 countries. Strikingly, no country represents social groups in rough proportion to their share of the population. To explain this shortfall, we focus on compositional factors—the size of political bodies as well as the number and relative size of social groups. We investigate these factors using a simple model based on random sampling and the original data described above. Our analyses demonstrate that roughly half of the variability in descriptive representation is attributable to compositional factors.

In recent years, an emerging body of work, centred on specific communicative forms used in facilitating collective and connective action, have contributed to greater understanding of how digital communication relates to social mobilisation. Plenty of these studies highlight the progressive potentiality of digital communication. However, undemocratic actors also utilise the rapid advancement in digital technology. This article explores the online video activism of extreme right-wing groups in Sweden. It analyses more than 200 clips on YouTube, produced by five right-wing extremist organisations. The study shows that the extreme right deploy video activism as a strategy of visibility to mobilise and strengthen activists. Moreover, the groups attempt to alter the perception of (historically-rooted) socio-political identities of the extreme right. Furthermore, YouTube becomes a political arena in which action repertoires and street politics are adapted to the specific characteristics of online video activism. Finally, video activism could be understood as an aestheticisation of politics.

Issues of race and ethnic diversity have emerged as important consideration in campaigning and developing political advertising. This study examines the moderating effect of the strength of ethnic identity for Hispanic and non-Hispanic White voters. The results of the between-subject factorial design indicate that non-Hispanic White individuals with strong ethnic identities hold more favorable attitudes toward a political candidate that advocates against same-sex marriage than non-Hispanic Whites with weak ethnic identities. Non-Hispanic White individuals with strong ethnic identities also expressed greater intentions to vote for and perceptions of similarity to the anti-same-sex marriage candidate. Conversely, Hispanic individuals with strong ethnic identities hold more favorable attitudes toward a political candidate that supports same-sex marriage than Hispanic individuals with weak ethnic identities. Findings show that the degree to which racial/ethnic members affirm their racial/ethnic affiliations influence their voting proclivities when facing a religiously controversial and morally framed social issue such as same-sex marriage.

The subversive role of ethnic minorities (EMs) in the Nicaraguan revolution (1981-1985) is discussed, especially regarding the adverse consequences of US intervention. A brief history, from the 1600s through the twentieth century, traces the source of conflicts between EMs to the military power of the nationalistic Miskitu group. During the recent revolution, the Sandinistas encountered heavy opposition on the Atlantic coast, where the EMs are predominant. Accusations of human rights violations (which destroyed the revolution's international image) & the inability to incorporate EMs into the revolutionary process have helped prevent the Sandinistas from achieving full participation. Realization of their cultural insensitivity came too late for Sandinista leaders who, in the midst of war, were forced to maintain a military defense. US aid to the EM, in an attempt to subvert the revolution, has simply prolonged the state of war. D. Graves.