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Greater interdependence is often taken to require more global governance, but the logic requires scrutiny. Cross-border spillovers do not always call for international rules. The canonical cases for global governance are based on two sets of circumstances: global commons and "beggar-thy-neighbor" (BTN) policies. The world economy is not a global commons (outside of climate change), and much of our current discussions deal with policies that are not true BTNs. Some of these are beggar-thyself policies; others may produce domestic benefits, addressing real market distortions or legitimate social objectives. The case for global governance in such policies, I will argue, is very weak, and possibly outweighed by the risk that global oversight or regulation would backfire. While these policy domains are certainly rife with failures, such failures arise not from weaknesses of global governance, but from failures of national governance and cannot be fixed through international agreements or multilateral cooperation. I advocate a mode of global governance that I call "democracy-enhancing global governance," to be distinguished from "globalization-enhancing global governance."

Hybridity has become a central characteristic of accountability in public governance. Contemporary service delivery is increasingly defined by the mixing and layering of public, market and social accountability regimes operating as overlapping 'hybrid' accountability arrangements. Although hybrid accountability is not a new phenomenon, recent trends have accelerated the process of hybridization, particularly in welfare state governance. In this symposium, we seek to advance our understanding of the under‐theorized concept of hybrid accountability and empirically examine what is actually going on. In this introductory article, we put forward a definition of what hybridity means in public welfare governance and explore its origins and dynamics. We then present the articles of this symposium, showing how they go beyond fixed and static typologies to grasp the dynamics of interactions between actors, values and mechanisms under hybrid accountability. We conclude by reflecting on a future research agenda for studying hybrid accountability arrangements.

The functional pressures shaping policy design may be disrupted in salient policies and politicised contexts, according to recent postfunctionalist/new intergovernmentalist theories. We contrast these expectations with those derived from liberal intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism by analysing the reforms of the European Union economic governance. Its Council-centred enforcement, which has been a dominant feature until the euro crisis, despite noncompliance, does not sit comfortably with traditional theories but can be explained by policy salience and implementation uncertainties. Instead, the emphasis that traditional approaches assign to noncompliance, commitment problems, threats of exclusion and veto, issue linkages, path dependencies and supranational decision-making, allows to adequately account for the overall direction of reforms toward more tightening and delegation, notwithstanding the pooled enforcement in recent ancillary measures. Postfunctionalist theories overall fall short in highly politicised contexts, exactly where they should do most of the explaining. We conclude discussing politicisation as a strategic elite response.

Defining accountability -- Too little or too much of a good thing? -- Five rationales for accountability -- Who should be held accountable? -- To whom should they be accountable? -- For what should they be accountable? -- How should they be held accountable? -- Defining and deploying a benchmark of accountability -- Features in balance -- Relationship dynamics in the system -- Mapping out a system in practice.

The progress of the digital era now has a very broad impact in all fields, at every level of society, not least in the field of transportation. Transportation is a basic need for public access in all activities. The development of transportation is progressing rapidly with online transportation, both cars and motorbikes, making it easy for the public to access this mode of online transportation and is also cheaper than conventional transportation. However, the development of uncontrolled online transportation will cause several problems and horizontal conflicts with conventional transportation. Agencies or companies engaged in the transportation sector today are considered to be very vulnerable to the development of issues that occur in the community. Especially with the advancement of information technology through mass media and social media, now it is not uncommon for this issue to end up with a negative perspective due to the distortion of communication in the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze collaborative governance that has been implemented by the government to overcome transportation problems, especially between online and regular. The government needs to collaborate between stakeholders in the administration of government as an effort and the government's response in handling public problems. Collaborative governance is a collaboration between stakeholders involving the government, the private sector, and the community and is one of the solutions in solving the problem of Public Transportation. The research method uses a qualitative approach.

International audience ; We are pleased to present you with this book which is the effect of the international cooperation between the Research Group of the Commercial Law acting at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Silesia and representatives of foreign university departments of private law from Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine. The "Evolution of Private Law – New Challenges" continues the collective publications issued in 2014, 2015 and 2017. Private law is not a subject that currently suffers from a scarcity of interesting and great scientific publications, but our first thought was to create some space for authors from different European countries to present new visions and development paths for that area of law. This year's edition is dedicated to the new challenges facing national legislators regarding the adjustment of their legal systems to some international regulations on private law. A broad range of authors – academics from the above mentioned countries – substantially contribute to strengthen and widen the comparative law research. This publication is dedicated primarily to civil law academics, but it also addresses the issues relevant to the legal practice. Most of the articles can be useful in the didactic process at law studies as well

Good governance is increasingly popular when bad governance deals with KKN (corruption, collusion, and nepotism) actions. Good governance practices also require transparency in the overall governance process, while the formulation of the problem is how good governance is government and governance, Furthermore, the research method here is descriptive qualitative. The process begins with compiling the assumptions and rules of thought that will be used in the research. Information from research results It is more important in a very dynamic condition of community development, a better level of community life, which symbolizes "empowerment" that serves the community, government bureaucratic leaders must change the way and role (revitalization) in providing public services. ; Good governance is increasingly popular when bad governance deals with KKN (corruption, collusion, and nepotism) actions. Good governance practices also require transparency in the overall governance process, while the formulation of the problem is how good governance is government and governance, Furthermore, the research method here is descriptive qualitative. The process begins with compiling the assumptions and rules of thought that will be used in the research. Information from research results It is more important in a very dynamic condition of community development, a better level of community life, which symbolizes "empowerment" that serves the community, government bureaucratic leaders must change the way and role (revitalization) in providing public services.