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When asked to compare the practice of medicine today to that of a hundred years ago, most people will respond with a story of therapeutic revolution: back then we had few effective remedies, now we have more (and more powerful) tools to fight disease, from antibiotics to psychotropics to steroids to anticancer agents. This collection challenges the historical accuracy of this revolutionary narrative and offers instead a more nuanced account of the process of therapeutic innovation and the relationships between the development of medicines and social change. These assembled histories and ethnographies span three continents and use the lived experiences of physicians and patients, consumers and providers, and marketers and regulators to reveal the tensions between universal claims of therapeutic knowledge and the actual ways they have been used and understood in specific sites, from postwar West Germany pharmacies to twenty-first century Nigerian street markets. By asking us to rethink a story we thought we knew, "Therapeutic Revolutions" offers invaluable insights to historians, anthropologists, and social scientists of medicine.

Problem and purpose. Along with the obvious benefits, the digitalization of society carries its own risks. At the same time, in modern psychology there is not enough information about the differences in representations of such risks in different cultures. The purpose of the article is to empirically verify the assumption about the dependence of risk perceptions on the socio-cultural context. Methodology. The empirical part of the study was carried out through questionnaires, collected in different universities in three countries during academic and scientific visits (Russia: n = 112, Romania: n = 94, Brazil: n = 98) and drafting the evaluation reports of social risks perceptions (Abric coefficient). During the translation of the questionnaires, we used the focus group method and the method of translation of psychodiagnostic tools and questionnaires (S.V. Kudrya). Results. The data obtained showed that perceptions of risks depend on general perceptions of risks in the culture of a given country, legislation in the field of Internet security, as well as the duration and experience of interaction in social networks of the Internet. Thus, the" core " of the social representation of Russian and Romanian students about the results of risky behavior on the Internet are unproductive behavior in the information environment (TCP-92); demonstration of indifference (TCP-78) or aggressiveness (TCP-75), and for the Brazilian sample, the demonstration of psychological affliction is more typical (TCP-65). In addition, the lexical-semantic analysis of terms and concepts in the field of riskology used for empirical survey of students showed the presence of semantic cross-cultural differences in their understanding. Discussion and conclusion. The data obtained allow us to say that social perceptions of risks are influenced by socio-cultural and legislative peculiarities: The empirical part of the study showed a clear difference between the "core" and "periphery" both in the cross-cultural dimension and within the country samples. ...

Metadata only record ; Coastal erosion is one of the major coastal problems currently facing Tanzania. Several factors, including sea level rise, geology, and rapid coastal population growth accompanied by rapid increase of human activities that interfere with natural processes, have been linked to the problem. One of the human activities that has been well linked to the problem of coastal erosion is illegal sand mining along beaches, coastal streams/rivers, and other restricted areas. This causes localized accelerated/severe coastal erosion and enormous environmental degradation and threat to coastal properties. Illegal sand mining is presently a big industry in Tanzania, employing many youths, and has become a social, economic, and environmental problem. The problem of illegal sand mining in Tanzania is revisited, and possible measures to control it are proposed. Measures that can help to reduce/eliminate illegal sand mining are: governments to address effectively the problem of unemployment and poverty in the society by formulation of effective policies, including the total liberalization of the labour market and reduction of the tax burden and regulations on potential employers; identifying alternative sources of sand that are environmentally safe to mine, of good quality, and easily accessible; launching well-focused mass education on the problem of coastal erosion; encouraging formation of legally registered associations of sand-miners that will work closely with relevant authorities to curb illegal sand mining; and strengthening of governance and improving research funding in the country.

Le 5 mars 1955, dans une communication faite à l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques, le docteur Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé évoque un récent procès d'assises : un jeune couple vient d'être condamné à sept ans de prison, pour avoir laissé mourir, faute de soins, son quatrième enfant. Les cir­constances du drame n'ont pas été jugées atténuantes. Pourtant, la jeune femme, infirme d'une main et atteinte d'une dépression nerveuse, attendait à vingt-trois ans son cinquième enfant. "Si nous avons tenu à évoquer devant votre illustre compagnie ce drame particulièrement douloureux, plaide le docteur "Weill-Hallé, c'est qu'il n'est pas à l'heure actuelle un cas isolé ". Elle suggère un remède : " Des centres d'eugénique où des jeunes .ménages pourraient demander conseil, aussi bien sur le plan de la psycho­logie et de la morale que :sur la planification de la famille et "les problèmes de stérilité et de fécondité". Elle conclut en disant que " ces centres pourraient entreprendre, à long terme, l'éducation de la population au sujet des problèmes sexuels, et si tant est. comme le pense Sauvy, qu'à l'heure actuelle en France c'est la stérilité qui est volontaire il y aurait lieu de substituer à cette conception celle plus constructive de " maternité volontaire " ". L'expression est employée pour la première fois, elle est le mot-clé d'une campagne qui aboutira à l'institution du planning familial en France. En effet, cette intervention, ou plus exactement les drames qui l'ont provoquée, semblent bien être l'aboutissement d'un demi-siècle d'anathème et de silence, et la conséquence des principes législatifs, moraux et religieux qui régissent les problèmes posés par la natalité depuis 1920. Les partisans du contrôle des naissances vont essayer d'interpréter la loi et demander ensuite son abolition partielle (.).

Le 5 mars 1955, dans une communication faite à l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques, le docteur Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé évoque un récent procès d'assises : un jeune couple vient d'être condamné à sept ans de prison, pour avoir laissé mourir, faute de soins, son quatrième enfant. Les cir­constances du drame n'ont pas été jugées atténuantes. Pourtant, la jeune femme, infirme d'une main et atteinte d'une dépression nerveuse, attendait à vingt-trois ans son cinquième enfant. "Si nous avons tenu à évoquer devant votre illustre compagnie ce drame particulièrement douloureux, plaide le docteur "Weill-Hallé, c'est qu'il n'est pas à l'heure actuelle un cas isolé ". Elle suggère un remède : " Des centres d'eugénique où des jeunes .ménages pourraient demander conseil, aussi bien sur le plan de la psycho­logie et de la morale que :sur la planification de la famille et "les problèmes de stérilité et de fécondité". Elle conclut en disant que " ces centres pourraient entreprendre, à long terme, l'éducation de la population au sujet des problèmes sexuels, et si tant est. comme le pense Sauvy, qu'à l'heure actuelle en France c'est la stérilité qui est volontaire il y aurait lieu de substituer à cette conception celle plus constructive de " maternité volontaire " ". L'expression est employée pour la première fois, elle est le mot-clé d'une campagne qui aboutira à l'institution du planning familial en France. En effet, cette intervention, ou plus exactement les drames qui l'ont provoquée, semblent bien être l'aboutissement d'un demi-siècle d'anathème et de silence, et la conséquence des principes législatifs, moraux et religieux qui régissent les problèmes posés par la natalité depuis 1920. Les partisans du contrôle des naissances vont essayer d'interpréter la loi et demander ensuite son abolition partielle (.).

This article illustrates and qualitatively explores the value of understanding the social networks present in a service operation through a case study of a local government service network that manages regional development applications. It also examines how social learning underpins service systems performance improvement and how it is instrumental in creating a richer environment for ongoing service network innovation and development. It is argued that gaining a better understanding of these social networks and the social learning potential in a system offers substantial and highly practitioner-friendly avenues to progress service systems capability development. These findings clearly place an emphasis on developing the human and social aspects of service systems and also provide human-centred points of departure for researchers examining more holistic service systems theory development. Adapted from the source document.

It is now ten years since the publication of the Radcliffe Report (Report of the Committee on the Working of the Monetary System (Cmnd 827)), and once again the role of monetary operations is in the forefront of discussion of macro-economic policy.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- PART I: Historical Overview -- CHAPTER ONE: Conceptual and Empirical Precursors of Contemporary Social Development Research -- Foundations of the Modern Era -- Dominant Research Aims and Foci -- Major Transformations in Social Development Research -- Summary and Additional Considerations -- References -- PART II: Disciplinary Perspectives -- CHAPTER TWO: Behavioral Genetics -- The Role of Genetic Factors in Social Development -- The Role of Environments Factors in Social Development -- The Role of Gene-environment Interplay in Social Development -- Possible Implications of Behavioral Genetic Research -- References -- CHAPTER THREE: The Brain and Social Development in Childhood -- Brain Development by the Numbers -- The Developing Brain and Neuroimaging -- Social Brain Networks Determined from Lesion Analysis Studies -- Quantitative Neuroimaging, Network Neuroscience, and Social Brain Development -- Identifying Social Brain Networks and their Role in Social Functioning -- Adverse Effects, Injury, and Development of the Social Brain -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER FOUR: Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Development -- Darwin's Disciples-G. Stanley Hall, John Bowlby, and Mary Ainsworth -- Building on Bowlby-The Development of Evolutionary Psychology -- Jay Belsky-Integrating Life History Theory into Developmental Psychology -- Del Giudice and "Switch Point" Transitions in Development -- Do Parents Matter? Judith Rich Harris and the Nurture Assumption -- The Development of Social Cognition: Michael Tomasello and the Importance of Social Cognition -- Where Are We Now? David Geary and David Bjorklund Formulating Evolutionary Developmental Psychology in the 21st Century.

As mudanças sociais e tecnológicas ocorridas nos últimos anos exigem das profissões uma sensibilização sobre as temáticas voltadas à responsabilidade social. Repensar a formação do profissional bibliotecário, definindo um perfil que atenda aos diferentes grupos sociais e que esteja vinculada a responsabilidade social, nos leva a questionar: quais são os aspectos da responsabilidade social abordados durante a formação do bibliotecário? A partir dessa questão, analisou-se aspectos conceituais das bibliografias dos programas das disciplinas do curso de biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Observou-se que a responsabilidade social foca a qualidade das relações para o crescimento da sociedade, tendo o profissional bibliotecário uma responsabilidade, como agente de transformador, no desempenho de suas atribuições na chamada sociedade da informação.

Capitalism in Permanent Crisis 1920s-1930s -- Political Crisis and The Crisis of Modernity: Eastern Europe (1953-1968) -- The Crisis of Keynesianism, The Transformation of Liberal Oligarchies and The Critique of Politics -- The Crisis of Critique, The Eclipse of Subversive Reason and The Question of Social Constitution -- The Crisis and Metamorphoses of The Bourgeois Individual: On Negative Anthropology -- Capitalism as Social Regression: Destructive Tendencies and New Forms of Barbarism -- The 2008 Economic Crisis as an Alienated Critique of Capitalism.