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This article addresses the past record and future prospects of the relationship between constitutional law and social justice. The exploration of this relationship is framed as a question of the role that constitutional law has played in protecting and advancing a substantive, rather than merely majestic (i.e., formal), conception of equality. After providing an overview of the current state of income deprivation and inequality in Canada, and the implications of this for a constitutional conception of equality, a variety of areas of constitutional law are examined. It is argued that, across these areas, constitutional law has regularly been willing to facilitate governmental action aimed at improving substantive equality, but has only rarely provided protection against governmental retrenchment and, especially in relation to Aboriginal rights, has not always acknowledged or accommodated the effect of already existing substantive inequality. Overall, while constitutional law has taken some important steps to protect and advance substantive equality, the steps have been small and so progress has been restrained and cautious. Looking ahead, and focusing on the Charter, it is argued that, if constitutional law is to play a more meaningful role in advancing substantive equality, then it needs to pay heed to the danger of being caught in a jurisprudential trap that threatens to curtail, if not undo, the modest support for substantive equality that has been shown so far.

The deaths of George Floyd and other African American men and women in 2020 awakened the consciousness of Americans and social justice advocates across the world. The chants of "Black Lives Matter!" echoed from the streets of Minneapolis – all the way to the shores of Cape Town, South Africa. Immense pressure from protestors and community organizers caused those in education and traditional business sectors to evaluate their commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Many organizations responded by releasing statements in support of minoritized groups, often including the hashtags #BLM or #NAACP[i]. However, despite support offered via social media, consumers and social justice advocates demanded more than just words. To that end, many institutions began to establish diversity book clubs, while others created DEI committees, and/or appointed a Chief Diversity Officer to guide DEI initiatives across the institution (Byrd et al., 2021).
Constructing and operating a diverse DEI committee presents significant challenges. In addition to the barriers associated with assembling diverse members, there are also methodological constraints as there is a dearth of empirical research within the extant literature that provides guidance in constructing and evaluating the effectiveness of DEI committees. To that end, the purpose of this article is three-fold: (1) to discuss the necessity of DEI committees in higher education and corporate settings; (2) to explain why DEI committees sometimes fail; and (3) to offer some suggestions for addressing ways to improve their overall effectiveness.
[i] These are the Twitter designations for Black Lives Matter and The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, respectively.

Aspects of sustainability and social justice deserve special attention in the research and innovation landscape in Europe. In this vein, the inclusion of innovative research and innovation policies, such as Responsible Research and Innovation, devoted to mainstream social outcomes, to deploy democratic governance of science, and to drive innovation into a direction that is ethically acceptable, societally desirable and sustainable are noteworthy. However, substantial efforts are required when it comes to integrate the interactions between renewable energy research and energy and climate policies within responsible approaches. In order to adapt responsible research and innovation approach for the purpose of building an alternative context and assessment approach for sustainable transitions, this paper presents a review of approaches around sustainability and social justice dimensions. The thresholds of this endeavour are detailed in terms of the challenges for the integration, the identification of the inhibitors and facilitators of policy integration and the proposal of the levels for a methodology for this integration. The results show that the different readings and understanding of the contexts and dimensions and the existence of knowledge gaps between policy targets and the outcomes of research and innovation can be considered inhibitors for the integration. In contrast the interlinks between dimensional concepts, backgrounds and rationales appear as facilitators. The innovative contribution of this paper is focused on the contextualization of the dimensions through the use of socio-technical and multi/inter/trans and cross-disciplinary approaches. The authors conclude that the process of introducing a more holistic and alternative approach opens the re-envision of policy elements. Moreover, RRI offers an innovative perspective to the transition approach as well as tools for decision-making and policy processes assessment, in an arena where constant innovation is taking place and new structures, processes and metrics are necessary to guide this process. ; The work presented was partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R (MINECO/FEDER)). The authors of this paper would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia.

School autonomy policies have circulated through various modes of educational governance internationally, endorsing the view that more autonomy will improve schools and their systems. When subject to the discourses and practices of marketization, however, school 'autonomy' has been mobilized in ways that generate injustice. These injustices are the focus of this paper. We draw on preliminary findings from a three-year study that is exploring the social justice implications of school autonomy reform across four Australian states. Drawing on interviews with 42 stakeholders, the paper identifies four key areas of paradox for social justice currently confronting public schools and school systems. The language of paradox is drawn on to narrate the oppositional politics between the discourses and practices constituting school autonomy and the pursuit of social justice. Such narration raises important questions for Australian public education. It highlights how these discourses are changing what is meant by the public in public education. Engaging with the language of paradox in thinking about school autonomy reform, we argue, is important given the broader landscape where public schooling is being reconstituted and where traditional links to social justice and the common good are under threat.

This paper will examine the changes in government policies across the world in the past few decades with a view to show the tendencies of the national governments to create favourable environments to attract foreign direct investment. The general belief has been that the positive spillovers from MNEs justify the negative impacts such as crowding out and disadvantaging indigenous firms. Following a review of the policy changes particularly those relating to corporation tax we offer the arguments for and against inward investment by MNEs. The review highlights the dynamic effects between corporate tax planning and the national social-economic development. Using the case studies of two countries (United Kingdom and The Netherlands) we review the governments industrial and taxation policies and examine the way such policies have impacted on the presence of the MNEs in those markets. The research will examine the effectiveness of the corporate taxation as a mechanism to overcome market failure but this study also argues that these mechanisms can also work as a mechanism that promotes market failure. The aim of this study is to review alternative ways for more effective distribution of wealth within and between countries. We argue that the national policies cannot be designed in isolation and a joint effort at an international level is needed if the gap in income and equality is to be narrowed in a meaningful manner.

Described as an activist, educator, researcher, and administrator, Inabel Burns Lindsay served as the first dean of the Howard University School of Social Work, and her extraordinary accomplishments have served as a beacon for generations of social work educators and practitioners. During her formative years as a social worker, she honed in on the importance of examining culture in delivering services in the public welfare system. As she built a school of social work, which she described as "second to none," she served as a moral conscience for the profession and repeatedly demonstrated through her writings and actions an uncompromising pursuit of social justice for all, both inside and outside the profession. This article profiles the courage and leadership skills of this transformational leader and uses her struggle against racism and sexism to inform the current realities of the profession.

PurposeThis study investigates whether the underrepresentation of women in executive-level roles within the supply chain management (SCM) field is justified or the result of gender injustices. The analysis examines if there is a gender compensation gap within executive-level SCM roles and whether performance differences or other observable factors explain disparities.Design/methodology/approachPublicly reported executive compensation and financial data are merged to empirically test if gender differences exist and investigate whether the underrepresentation of women in executive-level SCM roles is unjust.FindingsWomen occupy only 6.29% of the positions in the sample of 447 SCM executives. Unlike prior studies, we find that women executives receive higher compensation. The analysis does not identify observable factors explaining the limited inclusion of women in top-level roles, suggesting that gender injustices are prevalent in SCM.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only considers observable factors and cannot conclusively determine if discrimination is occurring. The low level of inclusion of women in executive roles suggests that gender injustice is intrinsic within the SCM profession. These findings will hopefully motivate firms to undertake transformative actions that result in outcomes that advance gender equity, ultimately leading to social justice for female SCM executives.Originality/valueThe use of social justice and feminist theories, a focus on SCM roles, and an empirical methodology utilizing objective measures represents a novel approach to investigating gender discrimination in SCM organizations, complementing prior survey-based studies.

The ebook edition of this title is Open Access, thanks to Knowledge Unlatched funding, and freely available to read online. The COP27 climate change conference in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt made it clear that fighting global warming will require continuing commitment, cooperation, and collaborative action from multiple constituencies around the world. Urging readers from the Global North to rethink their approaches and potential contributions to long-term change, Empowering Female Climate Change Activists in the Global South explains how woman climate change leaders are confronting patriarchal structures to achieve social justice. Examining the lived experiences of woman climate change activists based in rural areas, Peg Spitzer presents eighty-five original interviews that feature women whose careers in business, education, politics, and the arts have championed women's rights in Asia, environmental defenders who have established projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and woman farmers in three Indian villages who have faced climate-related droughts and floods. Suggesting ways in which successful climate change amelioration and adaptation led by women in the Global South may be replicated elsewhere, Spitzer also considers how NGOs and other organizations from the Global North can best contribute to facilitating positive changes in the communities where they work by focusing on empathetic cooperation. Addressing the urgent need to develop gender-just solutions that uplift and empower those who are experiencing environmental degradation in their communities, Empowering Female Climate Change Activists in the Global South uncovers the flaws in current combative structures and strategies and re-examines scholarly research at the nexus of feminism, transnational advocacy, and hierarchies of need.

Abstract
Intersections of age, race, gender, sexuality, and aging keep older, black lesbians hidden from public consciousness and from researchers. While previous research has documented a relationship between religion, civic engagement, and health for black women, there is little known about these for older black lesbians. This paper offers a quantitative analysis of the relationship between religion, health, and civic engagement for a sample (N=149) of older (fifty years and above) black lesbians. The sample is drawn from the Social Justice Sexuality (SJS) data set. Findings indicate that the variables measuring religious and/or spirituality expression had no impact on perceived overall health, nor did the overall measure of civic engagement; yet a specific portion--participating in civic activities--did have a significant, positive effect on overall self-reported health.