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ABSTRACTThis article examines the issues and the problems confronted by those conducting comparative research of charity-state relations in England, Canada and the United States. It also provides an explanation of why the interaction between charities and the state is important for political science: in part this is because in all three countries charities have become increasingly dependent on government for their income. In section I, the article examines the relationship between the concepts of a third sector, voluntary sector, non-profit sector and charity and concludes that the last might be the most appropriate to employ in comparative analysis. In section 2, the authors argue that in both England and Canada the state is formally responsible for the formation of certain kinds of charities; they also argue that in the United States a stricter separation between state and charity exists but that, in practice, the boundaries between charities and the state and the market are not clear ones.

Data from the 1976-1995 Monitoring the Future surveys for black & white high school seniors across the US are used to examine trends in racial attitudes & interracial experiences. Analysis reveals some convergence between black & white responses, primarily the result of black youths reporting less positive attitudes toward interracial contact. Black youths report decreasing levels of interracial friendship, while white youths report increasing levels. Black & white youths also report increasing concern about the status of race relations. 6 Figures, 1 Appendix, 6 References. J. Ferrari

Public relations decision making by U.S. Air Force public affairs personnel was evaluated by using multiattribute utility theory. Exploratory cluster analysis revealed that only 48% of the decisions adequately fit the public relations excellence criteria of accommodation and long-term relationship building. Fourteen percent of the decisions were based on asymmetrical options with a clear emphasis on leverage for the organization, and 37% of the decisions focused on communication tactics. There was a negative correlation between strength of relationship with the supervisor and preference for symmetrical solutions. Furthermore, female employees reported a weaker relationship with their supervisors than their male counterparts.

Abstract
A survey of Hong Kong residents finds that public support for government technology, as understood through the concept of smart cities, is associated with concept-awareness and official communications. The statistical analysis identifies moderating effects attributable to personal social media use and controls for personal ideological views about scope of government intervention and perceived political legitimacy of smart city policies. The study builds on a growing body of empirical scholarship about public support for government technology, while also addressing a practical trend in urban governance: the growing sophistication of technologies like artificial intelligence and their use in strengthening government capacities. The Hong Kong case exemplifies ambitious investments in technology by governments and, at the time of the survey, relatively high freedom of political expression. The study's findings help refine theories about state-society relations in the rapidly evolving context of technology for public sector use.

The innovation of the 21st century has no longer as a mere objective the survival of companies in the market and the stimulation of the growth at the country level. From now on, there is an urgent need to preserve the environment to ensure the development of present and future generations. Therefore, several empirical studies and theoretical accounts place the matter at the heart of innovation and economics fields of research. The first objective of this dissertation is to examine how ‐at a microeconomic level‐ the emergence and diffusion of environmental innovations is impacted by strategic inter‐firm relationships within supply‐chains. In order to achieve this goal, the first chapter shows that a monopoly maintains on the market a low‐quality product in the sole intention to increase his bargaining power against a supplier offering a drastic innovation ‐a costless high‐quality product‐. The second chapter explains how bargaining powers between vertically related firms can influence the adoption choice of environmental technology leading to a sub‐optimal level of depollution or welfare. To deal with this situation, the regulator must adapt its regulatory policy ‐a tax in this case‐ to modify the choice of the polluting firm. However, its intervention may prove insufficient under certain conditions. The second objective of the dissertation is developed in the third chapter which identifies theoretically and empirically the macroeconomic determinants of environmental innovations in order to help the regulator to better target its interventions. ; L'innovation du 21ème siècle n'a plus comme simple objectif la survie des entreprises sur le marché et la relance de la croissance des pays. Désormais, elle doit, en plus, préserver l'environnement pour assurer le développement des générations actuelles et futures. Cette nouvelle tâche la place au centre des recherches d'innombrables travaux mobilisant les champs de l'économie de l'innovation et de l'économie environnementale. L'ambition de cette thèse est, dans un ...

Despite numerous public health advancements over the last century, we continue to under-invest in prevention and public health efforts. As a result, one of the most challenging aspects of public health is prioritizing the use of limited resources. Building on the foundation of previous researchers, the goal of this exploratory study was to provide current estimates for the actual causes of death, media attention, policy focus, and research funding in the United States. In addition, we sought to calculate and compare media attention, policy attention, and research funding trends to better assess the nation's prioritization of health issues. Using a systematic approach, we searched available databases, including Media Cloud, Nexis Uni, Congress.gov, and the Department of Health and Human Services Tracking Accountability in Government Grants System from January 1, 2010-December 31, 2019 and compared how the actual causes of death in the United States align with health-related media attention, policy attention, and federal spending. Overall, our findings suggest that our priorities are not well-aligned with the actual causes of death. Certain actual causes appear to be consistently misaligned across media, legislative, and financial sectors (e.g., tobacco). This work highlights the importance of multiple strategies—media coverage, national legislation, and government spending—as indicators of public health attention and priorities. These results may inform discussions about how to best allocate U.S. public health resources to better align with the actual causes of death.

The article is based on the existing law doctrine of division of law into private and public. The author analyses the influence of the doctrine on the relationships that arise in the financial services markets. The author takes into account the results of researches conducted by domestic and foreign scholars, which were carried out in the field of law and economics. The author uses general scientific and special methods as those that form the basis of the work. The research substantiates that objectively the doctrine dividing law into private and public does not exist. Doctrine is the product of a sociocultural interpretation of the researcher's thinking process. At the same time, the doctrine is naturally refers to the structure of the financial market. The author analyses the internal mechanism of circulation of cash flows and settlements in the global financial market. This analysis is the empirical basis for the research and subsequent theoretical understanding. The author proves that the concept of separation of rights into private and public law is not a universal concept that is inherent in all countries. The doctrine is fundamental only in the countries with Romano-Germanic legal system. The idea of dividing law into private and public was not reflected at the doctrine level in the countries with Anglo-Saxon legal system. The problem of the substitution of concepts was enrooted directly in the very doctrine of law, which existed in Soviet times. It was connected with the absence of the concept of "private law" in the Soviet legal thinking. The idea of social justice changes beyond recognition in the direction of public law. The author focuses on the issue of how to ensure the sustainable development of the financial system and its main institutions (structures) using the theoretical concept of dividing law into private and public. The author emphasizes the need to take into account the diversity of legal understanding of the financial market as a social phenomenon. The research methodology should be as appropriate as possible to the research object. The idea of social justice should act as a regulator of mutual relations between members of society. Practical activity in the financial markets in the modern world tends to converge. Public law assumes the fulfilment of a social function. Therefore, the author comes to the conclusion that law is a means of reaching a compromise between members of society, provided that individual freedom is preserved and there is no need to oppose private law to public law. The author proves that European political and legal standards are built on such postulates, particularly concerning the field of calculations. Keywords: financial system, financial services markets, settlement relations, the doctrine of separation of rights into private and public.