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This book examines different dimensions of farmer agitations in Punjab, India. It situates the 2020-2021 farmer resistance movement within the wider context of India's post-independent development trajectory and provides a thorough analysis of various aspects of the farmers' movement in India.The volume contextualizes Punjab's history of farmer resistance, organization and mobilization strategies, the globalization of the movement, ways of both sustaining the movement and building resilience. While providing a critical understanding of the three farm laws introduced in India in 2020, the book looks at how they may impact farm operations and livelihoods in the post-Green Revolution period and evaluates strategies of inclusive mobilization for gathering support and sustaining the movement both within India and abroad, with special focus on the role of the Sikh diaspora. Essays in this volume also discuss the participation of women in the struggle and how their experience has the potential to transform gender relations both at home and in the public sphere.Integrated, comprehensive and concisely written by well-known experts, this book will be of interest to those involved with Punjab's social, political and economic history, and students and researchers of food and agriculture in developing countries, peasant and social movements, Indian federalism and role of diasporas as non-state actors

Die Arabische Liga ist ein bisschen der Buhmann der internationalen Beziehungen. Sie wird dafür verlacht, zerstritten und ineffizient zu sein ; schließlich bekriegen sich ihre Mitglieder nicht nur ständig, sie treiben noch nicht einmal Handel miteinander : nur 2,5 Prozent arabischer Ausfuhren gehen in arabische Länder. Dabei ist die Liga besser als ihr Ruf. (IP)

RESUMEN: La labor del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex-Yugoslavia tuvo un momento importante en la compresión del principio de legalidad, como principio básico en la garantía de los derechos humanos, al enfrentar no sólo el derecho consuetudinario como fuente de derecho sino también diferentes modos o enfoques en la identificación de este derecho consuetudinario. Esta relación debe ser analizada a la luz de las limitaciones que tiene el derecho internacional y, sobre todo, de los procedimientos de creación de normas. No resulta fácil exigir responsabilidad en el cumplimiento del derecho internacional humanitario y de los derechos humanos. La práctica de este Tribunal abre una vía para la reflexión con la finalidad de asegurar el respeto de los derechos humanos en cualquier circunstancia, incluso de aquellos que llevaron a cabo la comisión de graves crímenes contra la comunidad internacional.ABSTRACT: The work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was important for understanding the principle of legality as a key principle on the guarantee of Human Rights. The former was due to the Tribunal's work on having faced the customary law as a source of law using different perspectives for its identification. The link between customary law, principle of legality and human rights has to be analyzed taking in account the limits of International law and the procedures for creating legal norms. It is not easy to invoke responsibility in the fulfillment of international humanitarian law and international law of human rights. The practice developed by this Tribunal provides an avenue for thinking about ensuring the respect of the human rights in any case including the commission of grave crimes against international community. PALABRAS CLAVE: derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, principio de legalidad, derecho internacional humanitario, costumbre internacionalKEYWORDS: international law of human rights, principle of legality, international humanitarian law, international custom

This series of volumes Documents and Studies on 19th c. Monetary History aims to republish the main documents related to the question of bimetallism at the end of the 19th century. The series will include several sub-series devoted to the International Monetary Conferences held in various capitals during the second half of the century andto the specific situation of different countries (i.e. India, Japan, United States of America, China, etc.), since the question of monetary systems was a global question. It will also include specific studies on monetary questions and on monetary history.00The scientific community will thus have access to the enormous collection of statistics, analyses, and discussions, on and around the question of gold and silver coinages. These documents will be useful to specialists of the 19th century but also to all specialists of monetary history and in particular to those studying the question of the ratio between gold and silver and the question of gold or silver standard, which are common to all periods

The paper seeks to explain a major inconsistency of global climate governance: while directly linked to two major pillars of the Bali Action Plan – adaptation and technology – the development and transfer of adaptation technologies (e.g. information systems, irrigation equipments, crop varieties) only play a secondary role in negotiations under the climate convention. Likewise, adaptation technologies take a back seat in other international arenas such as the WTO and new technology partnerships (e.g. the Asia-Pacific Partnership or the Major Economies Forum). Based on institutionalist theories, the paper argues that one reason for this imbalance is the constellation of interests among powerful countries. Some common ground has emerged among industrialized countries and leading developing countries (such as Brazil, China or India) who share an interest in technology cooperation for low-carbon development. For mitigation technologies, the growth rates, mitigation potentials and enabling environments of major developing countries promise considerable investment returns. Moreover, the bulk of funding for mitigation technologies comes from private sources. On the other hand, negotiators from industrialized countries are much more reluctant to address adaptation technologies. The necessary funding processes would hardly yield significant investment returns and hence require a much bigger role of public donors. The global financial crisis provides additional motivation for donors to concentrate on low-carbon development while further side-lining the issue of adaptation technologies and the associated interests of least developed countries. By scrutinizing this imbalance and the distributional effects of a particular strand of environmental governance, the paper seeks to contribute to the conference theme of 'justice, equity and distribution'. In order to tackle this imbalance, mitigation and adaptation technologies should be addressed in a common framework under a future climate governance architecture. This framework ...

This volume contains a selection of the edited and in some cases translated papers presented at the first South-South Human Rights Forum held in Beijing. The conference was jointly sponsored by the State Council Information Office and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The event drew hundreds of participants, mainly scholars and government officials from developing countries and international organizations. Its main theme was ?Building a Human Community with a Shared Future?, which built on a proposal launched by President Xi Jinping. The papers are mostly short and often policy-oriented, offering a unique insight into the thinking and planning associated with this South-South exchange and thus a wealth of information of interest to scholars. The topics covered emerge primarily from development-related issues, such as the rights to food, education, health and poverty reduction. Though much of the volume thus focuses on economic and social rights and the right to development, civil and political rights are also discussed in the context of the need for legal guarantees for the exercise of human rights and judicial protection of rights

CHALLENGING THE POPULAR DICHOTOMY OF LAW AND MORALS, THE AUTHOR PUTS FORWARD THE THESIS OF A PLURALITY OF BINDING PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR, LAW BEING ONE OF THEM. IN THE SYSTEM OF NORMS OF THE GLOBAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY, THE STATE PLAYS A COORDINATING OLE. STATE SOVEREIGNTY IS CONSTANTLY SHRINKING, SQUEEZED AS IT IS BY THE GROWING DENSITY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, THE PUSH TOWARD DECENTRALIZATION AND THE PROLIFERATION OF ORGANIZED CRIME. THUS, IT IS NECESSARY TO COUPLE THE EMERGING NEW INTERNATIONAL ORDER WITH NEW DIVERSIFIED BINDING PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW NORMATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MANKIND'S SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS A MATTER OF SURVIVAL. THE ALTERNATIVE IS KANT'S FIGHT FOR LASTING PEACE ON GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS OR PERISHING BY INSTALLMENTS.