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The purpose of this dissertation is to define the influence exerted by prolonged contacts with foreign cultures on Ivan Turgenev's cultural identity. Turgenev was born and raised in early 19th century Russia, enjoying an education that was in line with the spirit of the time, where foreign culture and language held great importance. As Ivan Turgenev was building his initial cultural identity, Russian society as a whole had only just started gaining consciousness of its own national genuineness. Later in his life, the writer realized the extent of the gap between his own multicultural identity and his homeland's wish to affirm its "Russianness". As a consequence of the numerous political and social events that took place in 19th century Europe and Russia, Turgenev travelled extensively and finally chose to settle in Europe, first in Germany, then in France. The plurality of his cultural identity was profoundly deepened as a result.Throughout this dissertation and based on his writings, the variations in Turgenev's image of the Others and in his Sense of Belonging, shall allow us to closely follow the changes in the writer's cultural identity, step by step and at various stages in his life. ; L'objet de cette thèse est d'exposer l'influence que le contact prolongé d'Ivan Tourguéniev avec la culture étrangère a pu produire sur l'évolution de son identité culturelle.Enraciné dans la Russie du début du XIXe siècle où il naquit et passa son enfance, Tourguéniev bénéficia d'une éducation « dans l'air du temps », c'est-à-dire réservant à l'élément étranger une place prépondérante. Au moment où l'identité culturelle initiale de Tourguéniev était en formation, la société russe en était, elle aussi, à ses premiers balbutiements vers la découverte de sa propre authenticité nationale. Plus tard, l'écrivain ressentira avec force le décalage existant entre sa propre identité multiculturelle et les désirs d'affirmation de « russité » de sa patrie d'origine. Sous l'impulsion des nombreux événements politiques et sociaux en Russie et en Europe au XIXe siècle, Tourguéniev fut amené à changer fréquemment de pays, optant en définitive pour un établissement complet de domicile en Europe, d'abord en Allemagne et ensuite en France, ce qui ne fit qu'exacerber, au fil du temps, la pluralité de son identité culturelle. Le propos de cette thèse est de suivre, pas à pas et au travers de ses écrits et ses œuvres, les modifications que subit l'identité culturelle d'Ivan Tourgueniev à différentes étapes de vie, à travers l'évolution de la figure de l'Autre et les fluctuations du sentiment d'appartenance éprouvé par l'écrivain.

The article analyzes the main performance indicators of the public authorities and governance bodies in Russia as well as reveals significant problems inherent in the Russian system of public administration.The purpose of the work is to assess the performance of the Russian public authorities and governance bodies based on statistical data.Method or methodology of work: general scientific methods, techniques of scientific abstraction, observation and systemic research.Results. Performance assessment of the public authorities and governance bodies reveals the fact that the bureaucracy in Russia is rather large and its functioning involves high expenditures. The e-government system is still far from being highly developed, which makes it difficult to fully implement online coordination of government structures with both the business sector and households. An analysis of the indicators of the population's living standards shows rather low real income levels and a significant social stratification of Russian society, which negatively characterizes the functioning of the public administration system.Practical implications. The results of the study can be used by the Russian public authorities and governance bodies to develop criteria aimed at increasing their performance level and the standard of living of the country's population, as well as by researchers studying the problems in this area. ; В статье проанализированы основные показатели деятельности органов государственной власти и управления в России. Выявлены существенные проблемы, присущие российской системы государственного управления.Цель работы – оценка эффективности деятельности органов государственной власти и управления в России на основе статистических данных.Метод или методология проведения работы: общенаучные методы, приемы научной абстракции, наблюдения и системного исследования.Результаты. Оценка деятельности органов государственной власти и управления свидетельствует о довольно значительной численности чиновничьего аппарата и высоких расходах на государственное управление. В России на не высоком уровне находится развитие системы электронного правительства, что мешает в полной мере осуществлять онлайн-взаимодействие властных структур с предпринимательским сектором и домохозяйствами. Анализ индикаторов уровня жизни населения показал довольно низкие реальные доходы и существенное социальное расслоение российского общества, что отрицательно характеризуют функционирование системы государственного управления.Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы органами государственной власти и управления в России для разработки критериев, направленных на повышение эффективности их деятельности и роста уровня жизни населения страны, а так же научными сотрудниками, изучающими проблематику в данной области.

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether parental alcohol consumption leads to a reduction of child welfare. To this end, we analyse whether alcohol consumption decreases parents' time spent looking after children and working. Using the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, we estimate a model of intra-household allocation of time for mono-nuclear families with children under fifteen years of age. We find that fathers' alcohol consumption has a negative impact on their weekly hours spent doing child care, while no significant effect is observed for mothers' alcohol consumption.

JEL codes

D1; I1; J13; J22

Titelblatt u. Inhalt 1\. Einleitung 2\. Kulturtheorie 3\. Ethnizität 4\. Kulturpolitik 5\. Überleitung 6\. Akteure und Organisation 7\. Konzepte 8\. Instrumente [if !supportLists]9. [endif] Fazit [if !supportLists]10. [endif] Literaturverzeichnis [if !supportLists]11. [endif] Anhang ; Die vorliegende Arbeit will einen Beitrag zur Klärung der Frage leisten, welche ethnische Ausrichtung die staatliche Kulturpolitik im Vielvölkerstaat Russland unter Präsident Boris Jelzin eingenommen hat. Kurz gefragt: War die Kulturpolitik Russlands russisch-ethnonationalistisch? In der Sowjetunion wurde immer wieder der Vorwurf erhoben, die russische Bevölkerungsmehrheit unterdrücke die anderen Volksgruppen. Angesichts dessen ist heute die Frage, wie sich Kulturpolitik als Politikfeld geistiger Werte in Russland entwickelt hat, ebenso interessant wie aktuell. Dies vor allem unter dem Gesichtspunkt, dass das Land von ethnisch definierten Konflikten gezeichnet ist, welche zum Teil blutig ausgetragen werden, zum Teil durch Verhandlungen gelöst werden können. Das hier verfolgte Forschungsinteresse lässt sich dagegen dem klassischen W-Fragen-Schema folgend zusammenfassen als die Entwicklung der im Bereich Kultur betriebenen Politik (was?) staatlicher Akteure (wer?) auf föderaler Ebene (wo?) unter dem Gesichtspunkt ethnischer Voreingenommenheit (wie?) in der Ära El`cin (wann?) Der Aufbau der Arbeit erfolgt in zwei Teilen à drei Kapitel, einem systematischen und einem analytischen Teil, denen eine Einleitung respektive eine Überleitung vorangestellt ist. Im systematischen Teil werden die theoretischen Begrifflichkeiten ausgeführt, die im analytischen Teil zur Anwendung gelangen. Während die Einleitung metatheoretische und methodische Annahmen offenlegt, dient die Überleitung dazu, die Rahmenbedingungen Russlands mit den im ersten Teil erörterten theoretischen Begrifflichkeiten in Einklang zu bringen. Drei konzeptionelle Wesenszüge kennzeichneten demnach die föderale Kunstförderung aus nationalitätenpolitischer Sicht: der affirmative ...

This article studies the political developments of Communist successor parties (CSPs) in Russia, Ukraine and Moldova since the 2010s to identify conditions for their ideological renewal. We find that embeddedness in the patronalist systems is a major impeding factor to ideological renewal and the removal of patronal shackles and governmental responsibility are its key drivers. In terms of the prospects of Russia's communist party, an unreformed CSP may win elections but the actual ideological renewal begins while in power, as the case of Moldova shows. At the same time, the interdependence between the access to power and ideological renewal resembles a vicious circle. While a clientilistic status disincentivizes the real competition for power, the access to power becomes a nearly impossible task until the system collapses. As the example of the Ukrainian communists show, the danger is that the systemic collapse may also bring down its clients as well.

The COVID-19 crisis has exposed some of the most pressing challenges affecting healthcare and highlighted the benefits that robust integration of digital and AI technologies in the healthcare setting may bring. Although medical solutions based on AI are growing rapidly, regulatory issues and policy initiatives including ownership and control of data, data sharing, privacy protection, telemedicine, and accountability need to be carefully and continually addressed as AI research requires robust and ethical guidelines, demanding an update of the legal and regulatory framework all over the world. Several recently proposed regulatory frameworks provide a solid foundation but do not address a number of issues that may prevent algorithms from being fully trusted. A global effort is needed for an open, mature conversation about the best possible way to guard against and mitigate possible harms to realize the potential of AI across health systems in a respectful and ethical way. This conversation must include national and international policymakers, physicians, digital health and machine learning leaders from industry and academia. If this is done properly and in a timely fashion, the potential of AI in healthcare will be realized.

Sidney Lumet's 1957 film, 12 Angry Men, based on the screenplay by Reginald Rose, has become the emblem of the American jury trial as an anti-authoritarian institution based on democratic consensus building. This essay discusses the interplay of literature and criminal justice in pre-Revolution Russia, for this is the cultural soil upon which the film 12 Angry Men was received in Soviet Russia, when it was first screened in 1961. It discusses the reception of 12 Angry Men in Soviet Russia in 1961 and the impact it had on Soviet-era citizens in their understanding of American and Soviet criminal justice, and the current revival of 12 Angry Men on stage and screen in Russia and the former Soviet Republics. It also discusses the film itself in relation to Russian jury trial procedure, and whether such a scenario could happen in contemporary Russia.

John Keep, From the pistol to the pen : the military memoir as a source on the social history of pre-Reform Russia.
Memoirs by Russian officers who served during the early Imperial era (c. 1700-1855), despite the inherent defects of the genre, represent an important source for the study of material conditions and intellectual attitudes in the tsarist army. As members of a closed caste enjoying high social status and privileges, these men were overwhelmingly loyal to the 'state service'. Patronage influenced their choice of career and promotion prospects. The volatility of the labour market for officers made for insecurity and discontent. Although living standards improved, many were poor, and by 1800 there emerged a 'military intelligentsia' with reformist aspirations whose views were, however, heavily coloured by nationalism and respect for tradition. Their concern for moral rather than political issues helps to explain the failure of the Decembrists.