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John Hedley Brooke offers an introduction and critical guide to one of the most fascinating and enduring issues in the development of the modern world: the relationship between scientific thought and religious belief. It is common knowledge that in western societies there have been periods of crisis when new science has threatened established authority. The trial of Galileo in 1633 and the uproar caused by Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) are two of the most famous examples. Taking account of recent scholarship in the history of science, Brooke takes a fresh look at these and similar episodes, showing that science and religion have been mutually relevant in so rich a variety of ways that no simple generalizations are possible

A discussion of the development of collective decision-making processes, & the history of policy making in China. Since time immemorial, policy choices have been an essential part of human activity; eg, man's earliest ancestors had to decide in what direction to travel in order to find more food. With the emergence of civilization, policy making took on new significance. At first, it related mainly to important decisions taken at the higher levels of the social hierarchy; later, leaders began to base their decisions on the accumulated store of human knowledge. Given the nature of the issues & the role played by knowledge, tribal chiefs could no longer make decisions on their own, so they began to surround themselves with a panoply of assistants & advisers. The group decisions they took presaged the methods of modern government. 3 References. Modified AA

AbstractGender stratification continues to pervade the American workplace, and academic science as a vocation is hardly exempt. In this article, I review prior work on why and how gender inequality affects scientific careers. I focus specifically on scientific publication, an important determinant of scientific success. The research indicates that processes of gender stratification operate through formal and informal relationships contributing to the inequality we continue to find in academic science. Following Bourdieu (2004), I argue that sociology's unique reflexivity – that is, our ability to turn the tools of science inward – offers an important vantage point and contribution to our understanding of stratification in science specifically, in workplaces more generally, and in society at large.

Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Is Faith Opposed to Science? -- Chapter 2: Does Science Rule Out a Personal God? -- Chapter 3: Is Faith Compatible with Evolution? -- Chapter 4: Do Miracles Really Happen? -- Chapter 5: Was the Universe Created? -- Chapter 6: Can Chemistry Alone Explain Life? -- Chapter 7: Can Science Explain Intelligence? -- Chapter 8: Can We Be Good without God? -- Chapter 9: Are We Special? -- Chapter 10: Is There Life after Death? -- Chapter 11: Does the Universe Have a Purpose? -- Chapter 12: What If Extraterrestrials Exist? -- Notes