One of the most important features of the multi-level governance research programme is the parallel conceptualisation of the vertical and the horizontal relationships within multi-level governance systems. Different systems of multi-level governance are characterised by the relationships between political institutions on the same level (Are there many task-specific organisations?) and by the relationship between different levels (On which level do we see political communities?). By conceptualising scale and community in a substitutive way as Hooghe and Marks in tendency do, some of the potentials are lost. I put forward the suggestion that treating the two dimensions as independent would allow for an even fuller picture of the dynamics of politics in multi-level governance systems.
This article examines two issues related to essentialist beliefs, autonomy and education. The first issue concerns the conceptualization of the role of essentialist beliefs about selfhood in the development of a continually transformative relationship with oneself. We argue that Carol Dweck's understanding of the regular causality of implicit beliefs about selfhood is too narrow, and that these beliefs are better understood as taking part in a complex relationship of belief. The second issue concerns the way that certain governmental aspects of educational institutions might affect schools' capacity to help students develop a healthy belief relationship with regard to identity essentialism. Our hypothesis is that further investment in teachers' professional authority and attentional autonomy, which involves the creation of normative gaps, among other conditions, constitutes a key lever for creating schools in which non-essentialist beliefs are embodied, rather than explained or inculcated.
Forests and forest-relevant policies in Europe face a wide array of challenges in a rapidly changing world. Issues such as Brexit, the new European Parliament and European Commission, and the recent European Green Deal proposal are certain to affact policymaking, as are the as-yet unknown impacts of the coronavirus /COVID-19). A new science-policy study from EFI provides a timely look at forest governance in Europe, and offers insights into the potential way forward. Many of the forest-relevant policies currently in place have been targeted towards 2020, and while a final evaluation of their achievements is not yet possible, a look into the future is essential. Forest products and services are increasingly an inherent and integrated element of many other sectors, ranging from energy to food production to conseravtion and public health. This wide range of sectors and multiple interests, at different levels, leads to a complex multi-sectoral governance system. For example, within the EU, negaotiations are currently ongoing on post-2020 EU policies on agriculture and rural development, biodiversity, climate, industry, food security, circular economy and new legislation on sustainable finance. All of them, and the EU Green Deal in particular, will have an important influence on forest-related decision-making processes. A strategic and coordinated policy direction will be required after 2020, not least to support the implementation of globally agreed policy targets such as the SDGs, the Paris Climate Agreement and CBD. In the global policy arena, trade developments related to eg China, Russia and Northamerica will also have important implications for the European forest sector. This report reviews significant developments in the forest governance framework including EU and international developments, and discusses how coordination in other policy areas than forests can to to policy integration. Based on evidence from a literature review, stakeholder interviews and workshop results, it outlines several potential pathways for future fore policymaking in Europe.
First, the REFLOW Collaborative Governance Toolkit, outlines the design framework and overall journey which underpin the development of collaborative governance arrangements in the six pilot cities of the REFLOW project. Furthermore, it describes the core activities that, along the journey, will represent the concrete ground for collaborative governance experimentation and learning, and thereby the terrain for the development of specific tools and supporting resources which will feed the Toolkit over time. Lastly, this document also explains how the Toolkit is meant to be implemented over time in order to crystallize our progress and make it accessible to both the REFLOW partners and other interested cities and stakeholders. The current outlook of the Toolkit reflects a number of activities implemented in the first year of the project, including exploratory research on collaborative governance, pilot cities' policy review, mapping of existing tools and guidelines for the circular economy in cities, analysis of the Pilot Cities Action Plans developed by the REFLOW Cities, as well as scoping out of their core challenges and opportunities.
This volume of Energy Transition Governance Research Materials (ERM) is part of legal research on energy transition. It displays a series of legal and policy instruments susceptible to sustain research on the subject matter. First, the ERM focuses on international instruments, a wide array from resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly to regional instruments. Then, it emphasizes the significant role of legislations and regulations which are fostering the transitioning process. Moreover, the ERM contains some interesting bibliographical resources, official and non-official documents, and reports. Finally, it includes a table of legislation.
The EOSC Governance Symposium 2020 brought the EOSC community together to discuss the transition of the EOSC from its initial phase of development (2016-2020) to its second implementation phase (2021-2027). The event was a culmination of two years of work carried out by the current EOSC governance including the EOSC Governance Board and the Executive Board and its Working Groups. Delivered online to just under 1,000 EOSC stakeholders from over 50 different countries, this was not only the largest EOSC Symposium yet, but it was also an essential opportunity for convergence and alignment principles and priorities which are key for ensuring a smooth transition to the implementation phase. During the Symposium, the Executive Board and its Working Groups delivered nine vital documents which were in various stages of publication. They pave the way forward for EOSC and provided the right spark for extensive and constructive discussion throughout the four days. We would like to thank the EOSC Governance, the German Presidency of the Council of the European Union, and the EOSC Community. Finally, we'd like to thank you, the EOSC stakeholders who despite these challenging times, made this the biggest EOSC Symposium to date
De facto states, such as Somaliland (Somalia), are unrecognized separatist enclaves that display characteristics of statehood but lack an international legal status. To acquire domestic and external legitimacy, these actors engage in a wide range of governance practices: they set up military and police forces; executive, legislative, and judicial branches; hospitals; schools; banks; or social security networks. In spite of the obvious gains that can be accrued through the establishment of a complex governance architecture, de facto states exhibit great variation in the range of statelike institutions that they build: some, like Luhansk People's Republic (Ukraine), put together a rudimentary governance apparatus, while others, like Transnistria (Moldova), manage to construct a complex system of rule. What explains the variation in governance practices across these separatist enclaves? Using original data on governance institutions across all de facto states (1945–2016), this study offers an empirical examination of the key factors that shape separatists' incentives to supply governance. The findings reveal that de facto state separatists are less likely to provide governance when they have access to lootable mineral resources but are more likely to do so when they receive external military support, when peacekeepers are present, when they have access to relatively immobile assets, when they adopt a Marxist ideology, and when they control the territory for a long time. The findings help us better understand the conditions under which armed nonstate actors supplant sovereign states as de facto authorities and successfully institutionalize their rule.
Much of the literature on impairment to self-governance focuses on cases in which a person either lacks the ability to protect herself from errant urges or cases in which a person lacks the capacity to initiate self-reflective agential processes. This has led to frameworks for thinking about self-governance designed with only the possibility of these sorts of impairments in mind. I challenge this orthodoxy using the case of melancholic depression to show that there is a third way that self-governance can be undermined: an agent may fail to form the desire she most wants to act on.
The expansion and commodification of nightlife in the central areas of Lisbon over recent years have involved some critical and unwanted social, spatial, and urban governance impacts, as well as the worsening of community livability during nighttime hours. Taking the former harbor neighborhood of Cais do Sodré in Lisbon as a case study, this paper examines the range of nightlife-related regulations, standards and laws approved over the past few years and implemented at local and national level regarding nighttime leisure. The paper will argue that public-led interplay between the privatization and liminality of public safety in nightlife districts and the (neo)liberalization of the opening hours regulation are at the basis of the liminal governance of nightlife in Lisbon.
ABSTRACTGood governance is crucial to achieving an organization's mission. Nevertheless, little is known about how the structure of governance is influenced by the nonprofit (NPO) or for‐profit ownership (FPO) structure of an organization, partly because they tend to be active in different sectors. In this paper we overcome this challenge by using data from a global sample of 392 microfinance institutions. The results show that the average NPO has a larger board, more female directors, and a higher number of board meetings than the average FPO. Moreover, where there are larger boards and more frequent board meetings, this has a positive effect on the financial performance of NPOs. It is thus confirmed that ownership structures influence boards' characteristics and that some board mechanisms are more efficient in some ownership structures than in others. An effective board design should thus be based on a firm's ownership structure.
Abstract Over the last four years, we have worked with a large, international, and multidisciplinary group of scholars and social scientists, in the preparation of the first report of the International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP) (Rethinking Society for the 21st Century, Cambridge University Press, 2018). The question this group set itself to answer was whether we can hope for better institutions and less social injustice in the world in the coming decades, given the ongoing trends.
