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Sustainable poverty reduction and equitable economic development rest on the firm foundation of the rule of law. On the domestic front, countries must engage in legal reform in order to maximize the benefits of globalization, increase efficiency in business transactions, improve the way governments deliver essential services, and facilitate access to an effective justice system. Internationally, new rules are needed to face global threats such as money laundering, destabilizing capital movements, communicable diseases, and attacks on the environment. The first volume of The World Bank Legal Review: Law and Justice for Development is the result of the World Bank's unique experience with legal and judicial innovations and research around the world. It will be of interest to policy makers, attorneys, international development professionals, and anyone interested in the role of law and justice in the multi-faceted struggle to relieve poverty and improve living standards in developing countries

Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Compiler's Note -- Foreword -- Warning Signs -- Raymond Briggs -- Mary Wesley -- Getting On -- Jane Bown -- Dervla Murphy -- Pastimes -- Boris Schapiro -- Michael Foot -- Norman Balon -- The Modern Age -- Peregrine Worsthorne -- Denis Healey -- Love Is All You Need -- Richard Lowry -- Patrick Sergeant -- Paul Getty -- Money Matters -- Trevor Baylis -- Keep Warm -- Rose Hacker -- Grandparents -- Megan Pattison -- Tom Sharpe -- Frank Dickens -- Past All That? -- Chad Varah -- Birthday Thoughts -- Alice Sommer -- Trees -- Ronald Searle -- Last Scene of All -- Patrick Moore -- Claire Rayner -- Harry Patch -- Ivor Cutler -- Vera Lynn -- Patrick Woodcock -- The Garden -- H. O. Ward -- 'I Sleep Not' -- Richard Ingrams -- The Music of Time -- Piers Brendon -- Ancient Sights -- Arthur Curling -- Memory -- Tom Finney -- Retirement -- John Harvey-Jones -- Jean Channon -- Jack Davis -- Doris Lessing -- Time -- Angelica Garnett -- Solution to the Crossword Puzzle -- Acknowledgements -- Charities -- Notes on Contributors -- Also by John Burningham -- Imprint

This book presents an abstract discussion of social science, in a period when science in all forms is under attack, does little to inform the debate on its role and progress. Moreover, there is a strong and growing tendency for work that is far from scientific to go under the label of social sciences. The Scientific Study of Society undertakes the novel approach of reviewing the journal literature on six different topics by each of the five social sciences, and so highlights the contrasting approaches of each of the disciplines. Recent work by anthropologists, economists, political scientists, social psychologists and sociologists on crime, migration, the family, housing, money and religion is examined. The topics are of concern to policy makers and the book argues that policy makers should make wider use of scientific knowledge in addressing these and other social issues

Why has the literature on Asian development not addressed the issue of money politics in Korea? How can we reconcile the view of an efficient developmental state in Korea before 1997 with reports of massive corruption and inefficiency in that same country in 1998 and 1999? Politics is central to the answer. In this book the author makes two arguments. First, both Korea and the Philippines experienced significant corruption throughout the post-independence era. Second, political - not economic - considerations dominated policy making in both countries. Focusing on the exchange of favors for bribes between state and business, the author argues that politics drove policy choices, that bureaucrats were not autonomous from political interference in setting policy, and that business and political elites wrestled with each other over who would reap the rents to be had. Even in Korea, corruption was far greater than the conventional wisdom allows

This book is an introduction to medieval economic thought, mainly from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, as it emerges from the works of academic theologians and lawyers and other sources - from Italian merchants' writings to vernacular poetry, Parliamentary legislation, and manorial court rolls. It raises a number of questions based on the Aristotelian idea of the mean, the balance and harmony underlying justice, as applied by medieval thinkers to the changing economy. How could private ownership of property be reconciled with God's gift of the earth to all in common? How could charity balance resources between rich and poor? What was money? What were the just price and the just wage? How was a balance to be achieved between lender and borrower and how did the idea of usury change to reflect this? The answers emerge from a wide variety of ecclesiastical and secular sources

"This monograph derives from familiar economic principles the dynamics of national income, the interest rate, employment, the value of capital stock, prices, and the cumulative balance of payments. This is a Volterra neutral integrodifferential game of pursuit. The quarry control is government intervention in the form of taxation, control of money supply, tariffs, foreign credit, interest equalization tax, preferential trade agreements (which reduce trade barriers and enhance trade flows between nations), transportation and distance between trading partners. The pursuer controls include wages and productivity. The book provides conditions for controllability and then deduces how big government intervention (compared with private firms' contributions) should be to ensure the possibility of growth.The reader is assumed to be familiar with advanced calculus and to have a working knowledge of ordinary differential equations. The required theory of hereditary systems can be obtained from the book itself."

In this paper we used a data set constructed for a companion paper (Fritsche/Stephan, 2000) where we explored the leading indicator properties of different time series for the German business cycle. Now we test for the ability of different indicator series to forecast recessions by using a probit approach as proposed by Estrella/Mishkin (1997). The dating procedure refers to the study by Artis et. al. (1997). We took into consideration the criticism made by Dueker (1997) who stated that in the probit model the fact that the economy is already in a state of recession must be controlled for. The results of our estimate are unsatisfactory on the whole. Only the ifo institute's business expectation of producers of intermediate inputs, the interest rate spread, the long-term interest rate, and money supply M2 show satisfactory leading properties.

Justifying Taxes offers readers some of the elements of a democratic tax law, considered within its political and philosophical context in order to determine the extent of legitimate tax obligations. The objective is to revisit some of the issues in the dogmatics of tax law from the viewpoint of a critical citizen, always ready to ask questions about the justification underlying her obligations, and especially about her paramount burden, viz., the payment of certain amounts of money. Within this purview, special attention is paid to the general principles of taxation. The argument is complemented by a detailed reconstruction of constitutional reasoning in tax matters, close attention being paid to the jurisprudence of the Spanish Tribunal Constitucional. Readership: Legal scholars, political scientists and philosophers. Especially recommended to graduate and undergraduate students of Tax Law, Constitutional Law, Jurisprudence, Philosophy of Law and Political Theory

The gender of grace : impotence, servitude, and manliness in the fifth-century West / Kate Cooper and Conrad Leyser -- Did women have a transformation of the Roman world? / Julia M.H. Smith -- The gender of money : Byzantine empresses on coins (324-802) / Leslie Brubaker and Helen Tobler -- "Ex utroque sexu fidelium tres ordines" : the status of women in early Medieval canon law / Eva M. Synek -- "Halt! Be men!" : Sikelgaita of Salerno, gender and the Norman conquest of southern Italy / Patricia Skinner -- The metamorphosis of woman : transmission of knowledge and the problems of gender / Anneke B. Mulder-Bakker -- Visions of my youth : representations of the childhood of Medieval visionaries / Rosalynn Voaden and Stephanie Volf -- Female petitioners in the Papal penitentiary / Ludwig Schmugge -- Gendering princely dynasties : some notes on family structure, social networks, and communication at the courts of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach around 1500 / Cordula Nolte -- Thematic reviews

Cover -- Title -- Dedication -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- ABOUT THE AUTIIORS -- 1 Parties in Society: A Theoretical Overview -- 2 The American Party System Viewed Comparatively -- 3 The American Party System: Origins and Development -- 4 Third Parties in American Politics -- 5 The Public's Support for the Parties -- 6 The National Organization of Our Parties: Revived and Relevant -- 7 State and Local Party Structures: Strengthened and Still Relevant -- 8 Party Activists: Working Elites with Organizational Links to the Masses -- 9 Parties and Leadership Recruitment -- 10 Presidential Nominations: The New Model -- 11 The Campaign Process -- 12 Money and Political Campaigns: The 1996 Debacle -- 13 Parties and the Election Process -- 14 The New Technologies: How the Parties Have Adapted -- 15 Parties and Governance: Making Divided Governrnment VVork -- 16 The Party System and the Race Problem -- 17 Change and Adaptation in the American Party System -- INDEX.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: The Spectre of Doubt -- A Thoroughly Modern Way of Living -- The Fragility of the Global Money Economy -- The Fragility of Agribusiness -- The Fragility of Our Command-and-Control Decision-Making Processes -- The Fragility of the Cult of the Individual -- Summary -- Ways of the World -- The Language of Life -- Who Do We Think We Are? -- Doing It Our Way -- Coming to Terms with Our Unconscious -- Enter the Scientific Viewpoint -- So Which Way Are We Headed? -- If You Believe That, You'll Believe Anything -- The Paradoxical View of Life -- Back to Basics -- The Uncertainty Principle -- Summary -- Regaining a Sense of Direction -- The Strength of Personal Responsibility -- The Strength of Consensus -- The Strength of Local Economies -- The Strength of Community -- The Wider Perspective -- Summary -- End Piece -- Focusing the Mind -- Notes and References -- Index.

Claude Markovits tells the story of two groups of Hindu merchants from the towns of Shikarpur and Hyderabad in the province of Sind. Basing his account on previously neglected archival sources, the author charts the development of these communities, from the pre-colonial period through colonial conquest and up to independence, describing how they came to control trading networks throughout the world. While the book focuses on the trade of goods, money and information from Sind to the widely dispersed locations of Kobe, Panama, Bukhara and Cairo, it also throws light on the nature of trading diasporas from South Asia in their interaction with the global economy. This is a sophisticated and accessible book, written by one of the most distinguished economic historians in the field. It will appeal to scholars of South Asia, as well as to colonial historians and to students of religion

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSACTION EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- INTRODUCTION: MARX IN CHANGING PERSPECTIVE -- PART I. THE PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND -- I THE SELF AS GOD IN GERMAN PHILOSOPHY -- II HISTORY AS GOD'S SELF-REALIZATION -- III THE DIALECTIC OF AGGRANDIZEMENT -- PART II. FROM HEGEL TO MARX -- IV PHILOSOPHY REVOLTS AGAINST THE WORLD -- V METAPHYSICS AS ESOTERIC PSYCHOLOGY -- VI MARX AND FEUERBACH -- VII THE RISE OF PHILOSPHICAL COMMUNISM -- PART III. ORIGINAL MARXISM -- VIII WORKING MAN AS WORLD CREATOR -- IX ALIENATION AND MONEY-WORSHIP -- X COMMUNISM-THE SELF REGAINED -- PART IV. MATURE MARXISM -- XI TWO MARXISMS OR ONE? -- XII THE NEW MATERIALISM -- XIII DIVISION OF LABOUR AND COMMUNISM -- XIV THE WORLD AS LABOUR AND CAPITAL -- XV THE MYTH AND THE PROBLEM OF CONDUCT -- CONCLUSION: MARX AND THE PRESENT AGE -- REFERENCES -- LIST OF BOOKS CITED -- INDEX

Bilateral bargaining situations are of great importance in reality. Traditional microeconomics, however, make cognitive and motivational assumptions of subjects` full rationality that are revealed as being unrealistic by a growing number of experimental investigations. The present book adds an important contribution to the understanding of principles of boundedly rational behavior by directly observing groups of subjects in a decision situation and videotaping their discussions. A very important result of the book is that the behavior of subjects is guided by aspirations regarding the final outcome. The levels of aspirations are influenced by prominence and different forms of the equity principle resulting in several fairness norms as to the allocation of the amount of money to be divided. Another important feature of the book stems from the analysis of break off discussions and enables a motivational explanation of the emergence of breakdowns in bargaining

"Redefined during the past thirty years, the centre of government currently extends itself further than ever before. Central governmental agencies are 'where the rubber meets the road, ' where public service meets politics, and policy becomes reality. So who's driving this car? Agencies such as the Privy Council Office, the Finance Department, and the Treasury Board exert their influence horizontally, deciding how policy is made and how money gets spent. According to Donald Savoie, these organizations, instituted to streamline Ottawa's planning processes, instead telescope power to the Prime Minister and weaken the influence of ministers, the traditional line departments, and even parliament, without contributing to more rational and coherent policy-making." "Indispensable reading for students of politics, public policy, and public administration, Ottawa watchers, journalists, lobbyists, and civil servants who want to know what is really going on."--Jacket