Suchergebnisse

Alien flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park
This paper describes the alien vascular plant flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park, one of the most species-richest and diverse areas in Latvia. The review was based on the floristic inventories conducted in 1983-1989 and a field survey carried out in 2010. In total, 68 alien species (7.6% of the vascular plant flora in the nature park) were recorded, of which four had established in the period between both surveys. 22 species were recognised as adventive species and 46 as escaped species. Most of the alien species area concentrated in coastal villages, around human settlements, roadsides, coastal dunes and along streams discharging in the Lake Engure, thus mostly in transformed habitats. They are absent in most of the natural and semi-natural habitats. In comparison to the overall situation in Latvia, the Lake Engure Nature Park area is relatively little affected by plant invasions, most probably because large areas of natural and semi-natural habitats remain, since high naturalness of vegetation plays a significant role as a natural barrier hindering alien invasions.

Lithuania's economy has gone through stages of feudal system, serfdom, centrally planned command economy and market-based economy. After its liberation at the end of the last century, Lithuania's transition is in process, as evidenced by the development of economic frameworks. Radical reforms, including the opening of markets, implementation of flat tax rates, rapid privatization of businesses, and efforts to maintain a stable currency, set the tone for phenomenal economic growth, not only in Lithuania, but in neighboring Estonia and Latvia as well. The Baltic Region experienced monumental growth in the mid to late 1990s, which accelerated through the early 21st century. Sweeping reforms and growth culminated with the accession of Lithuania into the European Union in 2004. The combined economic story of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia is quite comparable to that of the Asian Tigers of South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. The three countries have thus earned the title of The Baltic Tigers. Lithuania's accession into the EU fostered further development of the country and its economy on both the financial and political fronts.

With the newly regained independence in 1991 the Latvian Diplomatic Service had to be established from anew recruiting loyal to Latvia people, mainly educated population without any practical experience in diplomacy. Many of the newly recruited employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became ambassadors. Over the years the Latvian Diplomatic Service has become a truly professional organization and does not appoint ambassadors from outside the Ministry any more, in such a way creating kind of a "closed club" or "closed system". The main question posed in this article is whether Latvia, as a small country with limited human resources, should base its Diplomatic Service only on career diplomats or whether in some particular cases a political appointee would be more successful. The author argues that everyone who has proven to be qualified for a particular position on the basis of their previous experience and long years of professional work in different fields, especially if it has been tied with foreign affairs, should be enabled, and in some cases even invited, to be appointed an ambassador. Such provision would be of benefit for the professionalism, successfulness and reputation of Latvian diplomacy.

Maģistra darba mērķis ir, pamatojoties uz dzīvības apdrošināšanas ar uzkrājumu, veselības apdrošināšanas un investīciju fondu tirgus analīzi un prognozēm Latvijā, likumdošanas izpēti, noieta tirgus analīzi, potenciālo klientu datu bāzes izveidošanu, projekta organizatoriskās realizācijas plāns un finanšu plānošanu, izstrādāt jaunu, Latvijā nebijušu apdrošināšanas paketi juridiskām personām. Projekts "dzīvības un veselības apdrošināšanas paketes juridiskām personām" ir pakalpojumu kopums, kādu pagaidām Latvijas apdrošināšanas tirgū nepiedāvā neviena banka un apdrošināšanas sabiedrība. Tā apvieno veselības apdrošināšanu, dzīvības apdrošināšanu, investīciju fondus un nodokļu atvieglojumus juridiskām un fiziskām personām. ; Objective of this master work is to develop a new, unprecedented in Latvia insurance package for legal persons, basing on life insurance with savings, health insurance and investment fund market analysis and forecasts in Latvia, legislative research, sales market analysis, creation of the potential customer database and financial planning. The project "life and health insurance package for legal persons" is a service package, which currently is not provided by any bank and insurance company in Latvian insurance market. It combines health insurance, life insurance, investment funds and tax breaks to individuals and legal entities.

The article "Analysis of Foreign Capital Inflow Impact on Innovative Growth: the Baltic States in the Context of European Union" discusses the role of foreign direct investments (FDI) and innovations in economies of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and European Union countries. Impact of FDI and innovations on the growth of economy of a country is being critically evaluated. Quantitative influence of foreign direct investment and innovations on economic indicators of the Baltic states and the European Union countries is also being tested. Hypotheses formulated by authors tackle relationships between foreign direct investment, grossdomestic product, labour costs, research and development expenditure (R&D), patent applications and summary innovation index in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and, respectively, in the European Union countries. In order to verify the presented hypotheses the correlation analysis and the Student's criteria method were used. Quantitative evaluation of separate relations enables us to compare and economically interpret the role of foreign direct investment and innovations in the Baltic states and European Union countries economies and allows forming an attitude of states towards stimulation of foreign direct investment and innovations.

The article "Analysis of Foreign Capital Inflow Impact on Innovative Growth: the Baltic States in the Context of European Union" discusses the role of foreign direct investments (FDI) and innovations in economies of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and European Union countries. Impact of FDI and innovations on the growth of economy of a country is being critically evaluated. Quantitative influence of foreign direct investment and innovations on economic indicators of the Baltic states and the European Union countries is also being tested. Hypotheses formulated by authors tackle relationships between foreign direct investment, grossdomestic product, labour costs, research and development expenditure (R&D), patent applications and summary innovation index in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and, respectively, in the European Union countries. In order to verify the presented hypotheses the correlation analysis and the Student's criteria method were used. Quantitative evaluation of separate relations enables us to compare and economically interpret the role of foreign direct investment and innovations in the Baltic states and European Union countries economies and allows forming an attitude of states towards stimulation of foreign direct investment and innovations.

Maģistra darbā "Nacionālās neatkarības idejas atspoguļojums 1988.gada latviešu presē" tiek pētīta nacionālo ideju izplatība Latvijas publiskajā telpā. Sīkāk analizēti trīs lielākie latviešu valodā iznākošie laikraksti: "Cīņa", "Padomju Jaunatne" un "Lauku Avīze". Maģistra darbā tiek rekonstruētas nacionālās neatkarības idejas kopējās attīstības tendences, identificēti tās elementi un izpausmes politiskajā, sociāli-ekonomiskajā un kultūras sfērā. 1988.gada laikrakstu analīze ļauj izdarīt secinājumu, ka latviešu nācija togad bija kļuvusi par politisku subjektu, nacionālajām idejām bija izdevies sagraut padomju ideoloģiskās konstrukcijas un tā bija kļuvusi par dominējošo ideju Latvijas publiskajā telpā. ; The Master's thesis "Image of National Independence idea in 1988 Latvian Press" analyzes the amount of the national ideas in the public environment of Latvia. The research focuses on reproducing the evolution of the idea of national independence. It also reveals the elements and representations of the idea in political, socioeconomic and cultural field. Three largest latvian newspapers ("Cīņa", "Padomju Jaunatne", "Lauku Avīze") have been analyzed to determine that. Latvian people were politicized remarkably during 1988, national ideas had overturned the soviet ideological constructions and become dominating in the public environment of Latvia.

The aim of the report is to analyse the financial problems of the environmental protects in Latvia. The main tasks are the following: To become familiar with the formation o f various financial recourses on the environmental protects - the state budget investments, the local budgets sources, the grants and credits from International and other financial institutions. To analyse the structure of expenditures on environmental protection. The monographic method, the analyse statistic dates about environmental protection in Latvia in 1993-2000 are used the research. The main results o f the research are the following. The natural resources tax incomes are insufficient to solve the problems of the environmental protects. It is necessary to increase the base o f taxation. The incomes from ecology taxes must grow up on the summary state budget. It is necessary to increase the part o f natural resources tax to supliment local budgets, to solve local governments' tasks o f environmental protection (especially garbage department) Till local financial resources are insufficient, it is necessary a supplement from state budgets to tie investments from various financial institutions.

The Soviet absorption of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania during World War II caused hundreds of thousands of Baltic immigrants to come to the West, where they established strong, viable ethnic communities, often in league with groups that had left the region earlier. At first, Baltic publishing and publications centered almost exclusively on nationalistic themes that decried the loss of Baltic independence and attacked the Soviet Union for its role in this matter. In time, however, serious scholarship began to replace some of the passionate outpourings, and a strong, academic field of Baltic scholarship emerged in the West that dealt with all aspects of Baltic history, politics, culture, language, and other matters, regardless of its political or nationalistic implications. Over the past sixteen years, these efforts have produced a new body of Baltic publishing that has revived a strong interest in Baltic studies and has insured that regardless of the continued Soviet-domination of the region, the study of the culture and history of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania will remain a set fixture in Western scholarship on Eastern Europe.

"Grāmatā stāstīts par vēsturisko 1988. gada Rakstnieku savienības paplašināto plēnumu, kas bija kā patiess, nozīmīgs pagrieziena punkts tālākajā Latvijas attīstībā. Grāmatas saturu veido visas plēnumā teiktās runas un Rezolūcija (kā vēstures liecības) un nesen tapušās intervijas, redzējums no šodienas skatu punkta, ar plēnuma dalībniekiem, kas sniegs skaidru priekšstatu par tā laika vēsturisko situāciju"--Provided by the National Library of Latvia

"B. Šuvcānes grāmatā apkopota un atspoguļota Kolkas ciema kultūrvēsture vairāku gadsimtu garumā - no 1040. gada, kad Kolka pirmo reizi minēta vēstures avotos, līdz pat mūsdienām. Tajā akcentēta tradicionālās kultūras - dzīves veida, izglītības, tradīciju, muzikālās kultūras, reliģiskās piederības, folkloras nozīme ciema vēsturē un attīstībā. Darbā plaši atspoguļota lībiešu dzimtu attīstība un pēctecība Kolkas ciemā"--Provided by the National Library of Latvia

National film production in newly developing film industries in Europe, such as in Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian, did not receive much attention. This article analyzes the concept of national cinema, its connection with film policy in European film industries and the Baltic film industries as well as the role of the biggest film studios in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in producing and developing national film production.

The article analyzes the situation in the Baltic countries during the interwar period with an emphasis on the period preceding the outbreak of World War II. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is drawn on the reasons and prerequisites for the annexation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia to the USSR, followed by the introduction of the Soviet troops on the territory of these countries.

This research note analyses the interrelation between the changing media environment in Latvia and journalistic practices, with a focus on self-censorship. It is based on, first, a survey investigating journalists' professional values and, second, semi-structured qualitative interviews with media professionals. The data indicate that the most viable self-censorship strategy is to reconcile professional principles with political and economic pressures and constraints.