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We propose a general equilibrium analysis of the economic consequences of the opening of new markets, such as markets of allowances created as a companion measure for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In the first chapter, we introduce a theoretical framework : an economy with externalities and non-convexities. We establish an index formula and obtain as corollaries existence of equilibria with general pricing rules. In the second chapter, the opening of an allowance market appears as a perturbation of this initial equilibrium state. We then determine which changes in the firms behavior ensure the existence of an equilibrium in the enlarged economy. This result can be interpreted as ensuring the economy can undergo the opening of a market of allowances without huge modifications of its organization. In the third chapter we analyze the influence of the opening of an allowance market on the optimality properties of the marginal pricing equilibria. Pareto Optima can indeed be decentralized thanks to the free provision of an environmental public good by the government : the difference between the governmental supply of allowances and the situation that prevails under laissez-faire. We then studied refined notions of equilibria in order to strengthen the relations between Pareto Optima and equilibria through increased consumer participation in the market of allowances. In the last chapter, we extend the decentralization problem to the case where the production capacities upon which Pareto optimality is defined may differ from the aggregate of the firms expectations about their production possibilities. This issue is raised in order to account for the seemingly different expectations of firms and governments on the economic consequences of climate change. We then show the government can create a "production allowance" market in order to lead the firms to produce according to its expectations. ; Nous analysons `a travers le prisme de la théorie de l'équilibre économique général les conséquences de l'ouverture ...

"Radical Left Voters in Western Europe explores who votes for Radical Left Parties in contemporary Western Europe, and why. Once considered a relic of the past which was doomed to disappear in affluent societies, Radical Left Parties were able to survive unprecedented electoral crises in the 1980s and 1990s to become a stable and significant feature of contemporary West European politics. Despite this, our knowledge of the electorate of contemporary Radical Left parties is extremely limited. To fill this gap, this book analyzes the radical left electorate in 17 West European countries (Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) for a period of 18 years (2000-2018). The research combines data from multiple sources (surveys, country-level data, and party-level data) to show how, amid social and political change, Radical Left Parties have been able to maintain a relatively sizeable and clearly identifiable electorate with fairly similar socio-demographic and attitudinal features. Moreover, the book argues that in order to explain electoral support for Radical Left Parties it is important to consider not only voter characteristics, but also the characteristics of the parties themselves and of the political and economic context in which they compete for votes. This book will be of interest to scholars of comparative politics, political sociology, electoral behaviour, and political parties"--

"Authority, Ascendancy, and Supremacy examines the American, Chinese, and Russian (Big 3) competition for power and influence in the Post-Cold War Era. With the ascension of regional powers such as India, Iran, Brazil, and Turkey, the Big 3 dynamic is an evolving one, which cannot be ignored because of its effect to not only reshape regional security, but also control influence and power in world affairs. How does one define a "global" or "regional" power in the Post-Cold War Era? How does the relationships among the Big 3 influence regional actors? Gregory O. Hall utilizes country data from primary and secondary sources to reveal that since the early 1990s, competition for influence and power among the Big 3 has intensified and could result in armed confrontation among the major powers. He assesses the state of affairs in each country's economic, resource, military, social/demographic, and political spheres. In addition, events data, which focuses on international interactions, facilitates identifying trends in Big 3 interactions as well as their concerns and affairs with regional players. Opinion data, drawn from policy makers, scholarly interviews, and survey research data, identifies foreign policy interests among the Big 3, as well non-Big 3 foreign policy behaviors. With its singular focus on American, Chinese, and Russian interactions, policy interests, and behaviors, Authority, Ascendancy, and Supremacy represents a significant contribution for understanding and managing Post-Cold War conflicts and promises to be an important book"--

While workplace communication is a well-established field in communication studies, empirical research based on samples of communication processes taking place in actual organisations is still scarce. Although a distinct line of research on meetings has recently emerged and established itself as "meeting science", another ubiquitous communication setting, regarding business presentations have received far less attention. In this paper, we argue that a general-purpose theory and a corresponding measuring instrument for the evaluation of the impression made by a presentation on the audience would greatly enhance our understanding of the factors that determine the efficiency of presentations. We present the theoretical framework and the indicators in such an inventory, which we have developed based on the educational literature on public speaking. The construction of this instrument also generated a set of hypotheses about how a speaker's personality traits may be related to various aspects of the impression made by the speaker.

Economics, far from being the "dismal science," offers us valuable lessons that can be applied to our everyday experiences. At its heart, economics is the science of choice and a study of economic principles that allows us to achieve a more informed understanding of how we make our choices, regardless of whether these choices occur in our everyday life, in our work environment, or at the national or international level. The present two-volume text represents a commonsense approach to basic macroeconomic principles. It is directed toward all students, but particularly toward those within business school settings, including students beginning an advanced business degree course of study. It will deliver clear statements of essential economic principles, supported by easy to understand examples, and uncluttered by extraneous material, the goal being to provide a concise readable primer that covers the substance of macroeconomic theory. This volume uses a single unifying tool--aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis--to probe differing perspectives on macroeconomic policies.

This bio-bibliographic note presents the main aspects of the economic formation of the author, of the relations with important Italian and foreign economists, of the essential traits of his research on economic policy, the theory of economic growth and development, comparative economic development, labor economics. All this is accompanied by elements of contemporary economic history and by analyses and reflections, in a comparative context, on economic development trends and policies regarding the Italian and European economies, the United States, Germany and the main Asian economies: China, India, Japan, Indonesia and South Korea. The general conclusions are that without sufficiently inclusive and sustainable economic policies any economic development process tends to deteriorate or implode and that economic long-run trends are strongly interwoven to the evolution of historical, institutional, social and political phenomena. ; Questo saggio bio-bibliografico presenta gli aspetti principali della formazione economica dell'autore, dei rapporti avuti con noti economisti italiani e stranieri, della maturazione della sua ricerca su temi relativi alla politica economica, alla teoria della crescita e dello sviluppo economico, agli studi di sviluppo economico comparato ed alla economia e politica del lavoro. Tutto ciò è accompagnato da elementi della storia economica contemporanea della seconda metà del secolo XX e dei due primi decenni di questo secolo e da analisi e riflessioni, in ottica comparativa, sulle politiche e le tendenze di sviluppo dell'economia italiana e di quella europea, nonché alle fasi di crescita o di crisi economica degli Stati Uniti, della Germania e delle maggiori economie dell'Asia. Le conclusioni generali sono che senza una politica sufficientemente inclusiva e sostenibile ogni processo di sviluppo economico tende nel lungo o lunghissimo periodo a deteriorarsi o implodere, e che i mutamenti economici di fondo sono strettamente intrecciati con l'evoluzione della storia, delle istituzioni e dei fenomeni politici e sociali.

During the 2014 APEC summit the participating countries agreed to move towards a region-wide economic integration and approved China-backed roadmap to promote the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). The paper examines prospects for economic integration in the Asia-Pacific in the framework of 21 APEC participating members. It aims to measure the "integration potential" of the FTAAP on the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the actual statistic data, to explore key obstacles hampering economic integration in the region. The research comes from the theory of convergence and concept of proximity. They suppose that the higher is the degree of homogeneity in economic development and regulatory regimes of the integrating countries the higher is their "integration potential". The objective of the author's analysis is to measure the "integration potential" of APEC countries in four directions: trade liberalization, free movement of investments, monetary and banking integration, free division of labor. Initial estimates of the FTAAP prospects base on the merchandize trade complementarity indices and coefficients of variation analysis. Besides, the research uses hierarchical cluster analysis that helps to classify countries in different groups according to similarity of their economic typologies. This methodology allows to reveal the favorable algorithm of regional economic integration in the framework of the "hybrid approach" (or "open regionalism" adopted for APEC countries in 1989) which encourages the countries to enter into free trade agreements on a bilateral basis or to make offers to the APEC membership as a whole. Final conclusions are based on the results of authors' calculations with consideration for contemporary trends of the member countries' economic development and long-term strategies of economic growth. Acknowledgements. The research was supported by the Russian Fund for Humanities, project no. 15-07-00026 "East Asian regionalism in the context of diversifi cation of economic growth model".

"This book explores the intersection of community development and local capacity building as a basis for effective disaster mitigation and the alleviation of suffering in times of crisis. Beginning with the Community Development section, the process, context, and methods for community, engagement and development can be viewed from different structural and logical approaches. This section explores some of the more relevant historical arguments, as well as more contemporary examinations. The second section looks at Critical Human and Community Considerations that sheds light on some of the key concepts that are often overlooked (poverty, race, inequality, social justice, mental health, social division) when framing community responses to disaster. The third section focuses on Fundamental Elements of Caring Communities. This section explores the importance, practical, and measurable impacts of social support, empathy, inclusion, and conflict resolution in creating effective and caring community responses. Finally, the last section focuses on practice and brings together research and theory into applied programming, examples, and evidence from on the ground efforts to establish caring communities that respond to local needs in times of crisis and beyond. By addressing these objectives, this book provides a more complete understanding of the essential role that community can play in disaster mitigation. Doing this will provide a better focus for ongoing research endeavours, and program and policy initiatives at the community level that seek to prepare for, respond to, and recover from natural and other disasters. As a result, this book contributes to wider and more sustainable development of our communities beyond disasters, while furthering dialogue among community scholars and practitioners"--

Annotation

My review of Ingrao and Sardoni's book paper focuses on its Part II, entitled "From the Neoclassical Synthesis to New Keynesian Economics." My criticisms amount to three. First, I disagree with Ingrao and Sardoni's account of the twists and turns that have occurred in modern macroeconomics. Often, where they see continuity, I see cleavage; where they see cleavage, I see continuity. Second, I put forward that the result of the 2008 recession is that DSGE economists were led to zero in on the hitherto neglected issue of the workings of the financial sector and its integration in their models. Hence, Ingrao and Sardoni's conclusion of failure must be revised. Third, I want to bring out that the internal history of economics can be written in two ways: the approach can be partisan or steer clear of the fray. As I am in favor of the latter, I regret that Ingrao and Sardoni have adopted the former.

Purpose: The paper aims to set out challenges that libraries face while developing their Digital Library capabilities and capacity and propose an approach to estimating the costs for these functions. There is a skills challenge as well as an organisational challenge. The opportunities to build new teams or re-train existing staff are discussed. Design/methodology/approach: The approach builds on a 2008 paper about Digital Library economics and discusses the changes in the environment since then. A model is described in which a library takes on the full responsibility for building and operating a Digital Library function in-house. This is used to benchmark other options such as managed services, outsourced infrastructure and "cloud" services. Findings: The Open Access Publication and Research Data Management mandates present challenges to all libraries based in academic institutions in the UK. New working methods and new costs are unavoidable. There are a number of ways to deal with this depending upon the institutional circumstance. The bottom line can be increases in revenue budgets of around 10 per cent with variable requirements for capital investment. Originality/value: Libraries and librarians have different experiences in closely working with colleagues in information technology (IT). A number of propositions are presented about the value of cooperation and collaboration between library and IT and also with external partners and service providers.

15 25 5 2 ; Senia ; [EN] Eco innovation plays a main role in the road towardsa sustainable economy and society, as it relates to twosustainability pillars: environmental quality and economicwellbeing. Tourism industry is nowadays subjected to strongstructural changes that force the change towards models notonly profitable but also sustainable. Published works attemptingto gauge eco innovation are rare. This paper analyses the prosand cons of the three main proactive eco-environmental toolsand their resonance on the tourism sector. ; [ES] En el camino hacia una economía y una sociedadsostenible, la eco-innovación juega un papel central,puesto que relaciona los dos pilares de la sostenibilidad:la calidad ambiental y el bienestar económico. La industriaturística está sujeta a importantes cambios estructurales.En este nuevo marco competitivo, las empresas turísticasbuscan modelos no sólo rentables sino también sostenibles.Los trabajos sobre la medición de la eco-innovación enlos servicios son escasos. En este trabajo analizamos lasprincipales ventajas e inconvenientes de las tres principalesherramientas de gestión medioambiental proactiva y susimplicaciones en el sector turístico. Miret Pastor, LG.; Segarra Oña, MDV.; Peiró Signes, A. (2011). ¿Cómo medimos la Ecoinnovación? Análisis de indicadores en el Sector Turístico. TEC Empresarial. 5(2):15-25. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/60736

This text misrepresents the assertion that social economy organisations (associations in France, commuters and the voluntary sector in North America) are a solution to the crisis in social protection models and to the scarcity of resources in health systems. This process of deconstruction is based on a theoretical approach at the intersection of the territorial dimension (be it rural, urban or metropolitan, for example), the sectoral dimension (health, social, etc.), which should be cross-linked with the social and solidarity-based economy (SSE). After a general presentation of the context, this contribution suggests the use of a theoretical model as a grid for reading local realities. We then present the results of our observations on the ground (two case studies in Ontario, on the importance of volunteering in services for the elderly in rural communities, and in western France), highlighting the role of the actors in the medical and social sector covered by the ESS in defining many challenges for the sustainable development of territories. * * * G ; International audience ; This text misrepresents the assertion that social economy organisations (associations in France, commuters and the voluntary sector in North America) are a solution to the crisis in social protection models and to the scarcity of resources in health systems. This process of deconstruction is based on a theoretical approach at the intersection of the territorial dimension (be it rural, urban or metropolitan, for example), the sectoral dimension (health, social, etc.), which should be cross-linked with the social and solidarity-based economy (SSE). After a general presentation of the context, this contribution suggests the use of a theoretical model as a grid for reading local realities. We then present the results of our observations on the ground (two case studies in Ontario, on the importance of volunteering in services for the elderly in rural communities, and in western France), highlighting the role of the actors in the medical and ...

In January 2002, the changeover to the euro changed the habits of French people. Five years after the introduction of the new currency, did consumers regain the spontaneity that characterised their practice of the franc with which they had mostly been socialised to the economy? The empirical survey, conducted among around 100 people in two French agglomerations, shows what types of goods or services the persons requested associate with different prices in euros. Secondly, the conversion of the euro into francs by the interviewees clarifies how they remembered the parity of the two currencies. Behind the general trends, it is important to describe the differences in attitudes caused by the respondents' gender, family situation, age and social category. It can be concluded that, depending on each person's life, money does not have the same qualities and ultimately the same value. ; En janvier 2002, le passage à l'euro bouleversait les habitudes des Français. Cinq ans après la mise en place de la nouvelle monnaie, les consommateurs ont-ils retrouvé la spontanéité qui caractérisait leur pratique du franc avec lequel ils avaient pour la plupart été socialisés à l'économie ? L'enquête empirique, conduite auprès d'une centaine de personnes de deux agglomérations françaises, montre quels types de biens ou de services les personnes sollicitées associent à différents prix en euros. Dans un second temps, la conversion en francs des euros réalisée par les enquêtés éclaire la manière dont ils ont mémorisé la parité des deux monnaies. Derrière les tendances générales, il importe de décrire les variations d'attitudes qu'entraînent le genre, la situation familiale, l'âge et la catégorie sociale des répondants. Il est possible de conclure, qu'en fonction de la vie de chacun, l'argent n'a pas les mêmes qualités et finalement la même valeur.

27 48 7 13 ; SWORD ; [EN] The aim of this research is to discuss a different way to represent the influence of Association Agreements on the agricultural trade between Southern Mediterranean Countries and the European Union in the period 1995-2004. A yearly analysis makes it possible to study trade changes after the Association Agreement between European Union and Southern Mediterranean Countries. For assessment of the Association Agreements, groups of countries with different treatment granted by the EU can separately considered. For these purposes, a gravity model approach could be of help, in particular for differentiated products such as fruits and vegetables. Martí Selva, ML.; García Álvarez-Coque, JM. (2007). Impact of association agreements on fruits and vegetables Mediterranean trade. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 7(13):27-48. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2007.13.02 ; [ES] El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el comercio agrícola entre los Países Terceros Mediterráneos y la Unión Europea durante el periodo 1995-2004. Fundamentalmente se estudia si la evolución del comercio a lo largo de estos años ha sido homogénea o si por el contrario determinados hechos como los Acuerdos Euromediterráneos (Acuerdos de Asociación) han sido influyentes en los flujos comerciales de frutas y hortalizas. El análisis se llevará a cabo mediante la especificación y estimación de una ecuación de gravedad que trata de explicar los flujos comerciales, a través de una serie de variables influyentes en un contexto internacional entre los países considerados, diferenciando productos como frutas y hortalizas. El presente trabajo recibió apoyo en el marco del Proyecto FP6-513666 «Agricultural Trade Agreements» financiado por la Comisión Europea. Versiones preliminares del trabajo se beneficiaron de los comentarios de Franceso Aiello, Paola Cardamone y Maria Pina Cipollina. Los autores agradecen a los evaluadores anónimos de EARN por sus útiles comentarios