Suchergebnisse

Active packaging incorporated with volatile oils is a promising technology to extend the shelf-life of perishable food. Therefore, the present work aimed at producing composite pouches based on polylactic acid incorporated with a mixture of lemongrass and cumin essential oils (PLA/mix oil). The effect on the shelf-life of fresh poultry breasts was determined on samples packaged in the PLA/mix oil alone and in combination with gamma-irradiation, and stored under refrigeration through microbiological, physicochemical, and sensorial analyses. The effect of active packaging and gamma-irradiation on artificially inoculated foodborne bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 25922, Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152) in poultry breasts was evaluated. When compared to control, poultry breast samples packaged in the PLA/mix oil and irradiated at 4 kGy alone decreased microbial count, maintained colour and pH values, and increased TBARS index at a lower rate, thus extended the shelf-life by 21 and 14 d, respectively. However, the combination of PLA/mix oil and gamma-irradiation at 2 kGy (PLA/mix oil + 2 kGy) was more effective in decreasing all microbial counts and extending the shelf-life by more than 28 d. Initial load of S. Enteritidis, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes inoculated in poultry breasts decreased by 3.03, 2.98, and 3.19 log CFU/g, respectively, after 3 d of storage in PLA/mix oil packaging, while the combination between PLA/mix oil and gamma-irradiation at 2 kGy (PLA/mix oil + 2 kGy) caused a synergistic impact with an increase in radiosensitivity of S. Enteritidis, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes by 3.53, 4.47, and 4.23 log CFU/g, respectively, after one day of storage as compared to the control. Active packaging (PLA/mix oil) alone and in combination with gamma-irradiation can be considered an innovative technology that could have a major effect on the prolongation of shelf-life and safety of poultry breast meats. Moreover, this new technology represents a promising alternative to commercial and unsustainable plastic films.

Localizing the organic food system is a key element for sustaining the development of organic agriculture globally. Local Food Systems (LFS) are often attributed to having advantages but their economic, ecological and social performances are questioned mainly due to low logistics rationalization. The organic retail-wholesale sector is particularly affected by logistics problems (low-volume delivery, and numerous delivery points). This study evaluates collaboration as a tool for logistic rationalization in order to facilitate the process of sustainably localizing the organic food system in the retail-wholesale sector. Performances of current organic farmers' logistics organization regarding their retail-wholesale outlet are evaluated through indicator calculations. Logistics collaboration interests and obstacles are identified through a qualitative analysis. Finally, forms of logistics collaboration are highlighted. This study shows that the impact of increasing logistics efficiency varies greatly depending on the products. Increasing time availability, accessing new markets and reducing logistics costs are the main incentives for logistics collaboration, but obstacles, mainly the singularity of each system, and lack of confidence between partners make collaboration difficult. It is important to focus attention on making improvements at the farm level and the food system level to bring awareness to the challenges and initiate action for sustainable beneficial change. ; M-AE

El concepto de gobernanza adquiere cada vez más relevancia en los debates y práctica de la gestión de estrategias políticas de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SAN). Sin embargo, su análisis demuestra una complejidad por la influencia de actores locales, regionales, nacionales e internacionales. El enfoque sistémico de la SAN contempla, dentro de otros principios, la participación y la intersectorialidad, tales estrategias parten de una perspectiva multidisciplinaria que no presupone homogeneidad, sino que se conforma de diversos actores y sus distintas formas de relacionamiento multinivel. Para comprenderlo, este artículo propone una ruta teórico-metodológica que consiste en el análisis de actores involucrados en determinada problemática, utilizando las contribuciones del abordaje de las Redes de Política Pública (RPP). Las herramientas analíticas de dicho abordaje ofrecen caminos para delimitar el estudio y definir cómo y quiénes ejercen la gobernanza en la SAN del contexto a estudiar. ; The concept of governance acquires more and more relevance in the debates and practice of the management of political strategies of Food and Nutrition Security (FSN). However, its analysis demonstrates a complexity due to the influence of local, regional, national and international actors. The systemic approach of the FNS contemplates participation and intersectorality, among other principles. Such strategies are based on a multidisciplinary perspective that does not imply homogeneity, but rather consists on diverse actors and their different forms of multilevel relationship. In order to clarify it, this article proposes a theoretical-methodological route that consists on the analysis of actors involved in a given problem using the contributions of the Public Policy Networks (PPN) approach. The analytical tools of this approach offer ways to delimit the study and define the way, as well as who exercises the governance in FSN under the context to be studied.

Comparative studies on anti-poverty programs enrich the design and evaluation of these actions. Venezuela and Brazil are implementing good anti-poverty practices in Latin America. The objective of this paper is to analyze food and housing programs in both countries and to try to know which of these two designs have more potential to emancipate poverty. Regarding food programs 'Mision Mercal' (Mercal Mission) is been executed in Venezuela, which is compared with 'Bolsa Familia' (Family Bag) in Brazil. As for housing programs it studies 'Gran Mision Viviendas' (Great Housing Mission) in Venezuela, in contrast with 'Minha Casa, Minha Vida' (My house, my life) from Brazil. In the theoretical and methodological field, this paper uses the concepts of training, degrees and functionalities from Amartya Sen to compare these food and housing programs. The text is divided into three sections: the first deals with Sen's analytical categories ; the second historically contextualizes the social programs in both countries ; and the third part, analyzes and compares these food and housing programs. The study concludes that there are important differences between the programs that were carried in Venezuela and Brazil because evidence can be shown that the Bolivarian socialism promotes practices that encourage the transfer of products that generate income. ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Relac Int, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Univ Fed Goias, Jatai, Go, Brazil ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sect Publ, Econ, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Relac Int, Osasco, SP, Brazil ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sect Publ, Econ, Osasco, SP, Brazil. ; Web of Science