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With the growing variety of stakeholders involved and different interests that need to be reconciled, policymaking in the city can be sometimes slow or even run into deadlock. This dissertation addresses this complexity of urban governance with a process view. It strives to investigate how complex urban governance processes unfold and what might enable or impede joint action throughout. Accordingly, it surveys the field of urban transport, which provides a prime example of the struggle of cities to move complex policies forward. This becomes particularly apparent in the redesign of urban streets, which requires careful retrofitting of existing infrastructures and an alignment of previous plans with new political priorities. This struggle has recently been reignited by the renaissance of the bicycle in cities and the related rollout of new cycling infrastructure. The promotion of cycling has moved up the urban political agenda almost universally and become a cross-sectoral priority of transport, public health, and environmental policies. Yet, the creation of space for the safety of cyclists, for instance in the form of separate cycle lanes, has initiated fierce debates with strong supporters and opponents in nearly all major cities. This dissertation explores how, in spite of this controversy, urban stakeholders move ambitious cycling programs forward based on the comparative analysis of cycling policies in London (2012-2016) and Berlin (2016-2021). With a methodological and theoretical approach rooted in network research, this dissertation explores the evolution of the actor-networks and the policy debate of these case studies over time. The analysis draws on a qualitative database that was created for this dissertation and consists of interview data and documents. The findings suggest that next to structural and cultural properties, stylistic features should be taken into account to fully comprehend how complex urban governance processes unfold and, thus, deserve a more prominent position in the urban ...

The article analyzes the complex of leadership formation as a factor in the effectiveness of public administration, in particular in personal and corporate aspects, with the involvement of organizational, educational, psychological, regulatory and legal components. The views of scientists on the phenomenon of leadership in the field of management in general and public administration in particular are considered. The peculiarities of leadership as a social and psychological phenomenon are clarified with the analysis of personal charisma as a means of influencing a team of subordinates, relations in the dichotomy «leader – subordinate», in particular, a comparison of the concepts of «management» and «leadership» is provided. The types of a modern leader in Ukraine are given with the definition of his negative traits, interpreted as a legacy from the totalitarian and authoritarian past, and positive, which should form a democratic leader, the basis of which is a partnership attitude towards subordinates. It is noted that the concept of «subordinate» is a component in the dichotomy with the concept of «leader», and the concept of «leader» corresponds to «follower», that is, a partner and like-minded person.The ways of reforming public administration in the field of management and leadership are indicated and analyzed, in particular benchmarking as taking into account the best practices; de-bureaucratization as a means of creating an atmosphere of openness in the management system; delegation of authority and subsidiarity as a means of implementing partnerships in a team; monitoring as an analytical tool for monitoring the performance of a public administration institution; selection of appropriate personnel as an increase in attention to public service personnel, as well as their training. The conclusion is made about the predetermination of the effectiveness of public management of the leader's leadership qualities, its positive influence on subordinates due to personal charisma and a partnership management strategy based both on his innate qualities and on those acquired during training and advanced training.Key words: public administration, leadership, charisma, dichotomy «leader – subordinate», reforming public service ; У статті проаналізовано комплекс формування лідерства як чинника ефективності публічного управління, зокрема в особистісному та корпоративному аспектах, із залученням організаційної, освітньої, психологічної, нормативно-правової складових. Розглянуто погляди вчених на феномен лідерства у сфері менеджменту взагалі та публічного управління зокрема. З'ясовано особливості лідерства як соціального та психологічного феномену з аналізом особистісної харизми як засобу впливу на колектив підлеглих, стосунків у дихотомії «керівник – підлеглий», зокрема надано зіставлення понять «керування» та «лідерство». Наведено типи сучасного керівника в Україні з визначенням негативних його рис, трактованих як спадок від тоталітарного й авторитарного минулого, та позитивних, які мають сформувати саме демократичного лідера, основою якого є партнерське ставлення до підлеглих. Зауважено, що поняття «підлеглий» є компонентом в дихотомії з поняттям «керівник», натомість поняттю «лідер» відповідає «послідовник», тобто партнер і однодумець. Зазначено та проаналізовано шляхи реформування публічного управління у сфері менеджменту й лідерства, зокрема бенчмаркінг як урахування передового досвіду; дебюрократизацію як засіб створення атмосфери відкритості управлінської системи; делегування повноважень і субсидіарність як засоби реалізації партнерських відносин у колективі; моніторинг як аналітичний засіб контролю ефективності діяльності установи публічного управління; підбір відповідних кадрів як посилення уваги до персоналу публічної служби, а також їх навчання. Зроблено висновок про зумовленість ефективності публічного управління лідерськими якостями керівника, позитивним його впливом на підлеглих завдяки особистісній харизмі та партнерській стратегії управління, що ґрунтується як на вроджених його якостях, так і на набутих під час навчання й підвищення кваліфікації.Ключові слова: публічне управління, лідерство, харизма, дихотомія «керівник – підлеглий», реформування публічної служби

The EU project is at an inflection point. Intra-EU alliances are altering following the UK's departure, the EU's financial markets remain segmented, and there is limited appetite for completing the Banking Union. The second stage of Brexit negotiations also collided with the Covid-19 pandemic, which has strained economies around the world. These issues amount to a 'polycrisis' for the EU, raising existential questions about its future. This article focuses on one strand of the debates generated within this polycrisis: future UK/EU policy cooperation with respect to financial governance. The article discusses the importance of the financial services sector to the UK and the EU, and examines potential institutional options for future cooperation. In particular, it advocates harnessing dexterous aspects evident within precedents, including existing EU/third country association agreements, to develop a functional arrangement for future financial governance cooperation, which could also lead to closer UK/EU cooperation than currently appears likely.

Landscape Approaches have been proposed as a transferable model of multi-stakeholder governance, yet assume conditions of ideal speech, trust, and transparency that seem untransferable to authoritarian regimes. This paper argues that building Landscape Approaches under authoritarian conditions cannot be based on a governance deficit model of awaiting idealized political conditions, but instead needs to pay attention to how local social and political structures influence what is deliberated, and by whom. The paper presents evidence from a multi-stakeholder environmental intervention around Lake Indawgyi in Kachin State, Myanmar, to draw lessons for transferring Landscapes Approaches under conditions of political authoritarianism, sporadic violent conflict, and rapid socio-economic change. Using information gathered from village surveys and interviews with policymakers, the paper analyzes how multifunctionality, stakeholder engagement, and deliberation are achieved, and with whose influence. The paper argues that common principles of Landscapes Approaches need to acknowledge more how state-led agendas can influence agendas and participation in conservation; but also how the composition and interests of stakeholders are not fixed under socio-economic transformation. Focusing on local and contextual drivers of environmental change and political inequality are more useful for transferring Landscape Approaches to authoritarian regimes than adhering to optimistic principles, or testing associations between variables without reference to context. Indeed, the latter risks depoliticizing conflictual processes, and implicitly endorsing political inequalities. The 2021 military coup in Myanmar has added to these inequalities.

Do external shocks affect local government quality and, consequently, long-term economic development? The collapse in 1911 of the Qing Dynasty in China was one of the greatest institutional shocks in world history, marking the end of more than 2,000 years of imperial rule. We exploit this shock to examine the impact of changes in historic local government quality on economic development today. By measuring variations in governance quality across 1,664 Chinese counties and examining their impact on long-term economic development, we show that historical differences in local governance quality are strong predictors of current geographical differences in economic development. This positive relationship is robust to a rich gamut of controls and checks. To further address causality issues, we instrument historical government quality with the location of military towns in the preceding Ming dynasty. The analysis shows that history has left a deep legacy on governance differences across China that determine, to a considerable extent, current Chinese regional inequalities.

Evolutionary governance theory (EGT) provides a basis for holistically analyzing the shifting contexts and dynamics of policymaking in settings with functional differentiation and complex subsystems. Policy assemblages, as mixes of policy tools and goals, are an appropriate unit of analysis for EGT because they embody the theory's emphasis on co-evolving elements within policy systems. In rational practice, policymakers design policies within assemblages by establishing objectives, collecting information, comparing options, strategizing implementation, and selecting instruments. However, as EGT implies, this logical progression does not always materialize so tidily—some policies emerge from carefully considered blueprints while others evolve from muddled processes, laissez faire happenstance, or happy accident. Products of the latter often include loosely steered, unmoored, and 'non-designed' path dependencies that confound linear logic and are understudied in the policy literature. There exists the need for a more intricate analytical vocabulary to describe this underexplored 'chaotic' end of the policy design spectrum, as conjuring images of 'muddles' or 'messes' has exhausted its usefulness. This article introduces a novel metaphor for non-design—the bird nest—to bring studies of policy design and non-design into lexical harmony.

Poverty and high dependency of rural and mountainous households on the natural resources of Nepal have made the country more vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, there is inadequacy of adaptation services provided to the vulnerable households and ecosystems. Responding to climate change necessitates amore consolidated effort and effective implementation interventions from both the government and non-government actors. To help achieve this very essence, this study has aimed to- (i) review the existing climate change adaptation (CCA) practices, processes and patterns of sustainable resource mobilization and benefit sharing, and (ii) develop a framework that ensures sustainability of resources and equitable sharing of services and benefits accrued from CCA. Consultations with the communities, key state and non-state stakeholders both at federal and provincial levels, reviews of national policies, strategies, periodic plans and programs and field visits were carried out to synthesize the information, document the knowledge, and highlight the gaps pertaining to CCA. Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was executed for analyzing qualitative information. Recently, the Government of Nepal has developed a priority framework on sustainable resource management and delivery of adaptation services. In line with the eight themes identified by the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP, 2019), the proposed framework has paid central attention on medium and long-term adaptation planning adhered with Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Community-based Adaptation (CbA). Building resilience, reducing vulnerability, increasing capacities, enabling environment, and integrating CCA in development planning have been the focus of the framework. It is found that the delivery of adaptation services to the climate vulnerable groups and poor communities is well reached out through CbA and EbA approaches. It is therefore, crucial in strengthening community- and locally-based mechanisms (such as forest-user groups, farmers groups, agricultural and fisheries cooperatives, and community networks) for sustainable management and delivery of services to facilitate effective adaptation.

The severity of interconnected socio-economic and environmental impacts on landscapes and people across Africa are exacerbated as a result of land degradation, conflict, poor governance, competition for land and inequality, and exacerbated by climate change. In pursuing pathways towards a more resilient future, collaborative and multi-stakeholder governance and management of landscapes have been promoted by government agencies, NGOs and conservation organisations as a possible solution. However, there is no single way to achieve effective collaboration, and different landscape projects have experimented with different entry points and engagement processes. Grounded in partnerships amongst researchers, practitioners and development partners with expertise in landscape governance and management in Africa, this book describes and collates key lessons from practice for supporting more resilient and equitable landscapes.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pengelolaan Dana Desa Menuju Good Government Governance Pada Desa Pasar Lama Kabupaten Banjar. Good Government Governance meliputi Partisipasi, Penegakan hukum, Akuntabilitas, Daya Tanggap, Berorientasi pada konsenus, Keadilan, Efisiensi dan Efektivitas, Visi strategis, dan Transparansi. Di masa pandemi Covid-19, 8% dari dana desa dialokasikan untuk penanganan Covid-19, dengan adanya peraturan tersebut maka pnegalokasian dana desa akan berbeda dengan yang telah direncanakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan paradigma interpretif. Informan terdiri dari Penanggung Jawab Desa, Sekretaris Desa, dan Kepala Urusan Keuangan Desa Pasar Lama Kabupaten Banjar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dimuai dari penyederhanaan data, proses mengecek keabsahan data, proses analisis data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Desa Pasar Lama Kabupaten Banjar telah menerapkan prinsip Partisipasi, Daya Tanggap, Berorientasi ada Konsensus, Keadilan, Efisiensi dan Efektivitas, Visi Strategis, dan Transparansi dalam pengelolaan dana desa dengan baik. Tetapi belum sepenuhnya terlaksana di Prinsip Akuntabilitas karena kerap belum tepat waktu dalam menyajikan Laporan Keuangan dan juga belum melaksankaan SIJAKA atau Sistem Informasi Jaga Kawal. Pemerintah Desa Pasar Lama sudah cukup baik dalam pelaksanaan pengelolaan Dana Desa, tetapi diperlukan peningkatan dalam efektivitas waktu untuk menyajikan laporan keuangan dan menngunakan Sistem Informasi yang telah disediakan.

Postcolonial leadership is implicated in the distorted development and crisis of governance in Nigeria. The political leadership emerged from authoritarian traditions of the colonial state and pursued self-interests against collective societal interests; the mode of the emergence of the leaders as well as the context in which they operate usually impact on the nature and trend of social welfare provisioning. Relying on data from secondary sources, this study examined the impact of democratic governance on social service delivery with Taraba State and education as a case study. The data analysis was based on qualitative descriptive analysis. We found that the education sector under the two administrations between 1999 and 2014, was not prioritized in budgetary allocation, in contravention of UNESCO recommendation that 26% of the budget be dedicated to education. The study recommends, among others, that the government must show commitment to education as a matter of deliberate policy to allocate the required minimum percentage pecked by UNESCO to enhance educational development in Taraba state.

Today, scientific analysis of the relationship between higher authorities is carried out in terms of a number of legal sciences, such as: the theory of state and law, constitutional law of Ukraine, administrative law and more. These issues become especially relevant in the current conditions of state and legal development of our state, which are even more relevant given the events taking place in the last decade in Ukraine. However, for a proper systematic analysis of the issue of public authority, it is first necessary to clarify the nature and essence of these state and legal institutions. In turn, events related to the spread of coronavirus (COVID - 19) in early 2020 clearly showed the relative certainty (even vulnerability) of a group of public law institutions, the ability of the state to limit them in different circumstances and in different methods, lack of guarantees and implementation human rights, etc. Therefore, the system of destructive factors in the transformation of public administration needs additional scientific analysis. Further development of scientific and technological progress, globalization become an incentive to form new areas of relations in society. One of such areas - information relations, the development of IT technologies and eventually the formation of the information society - led to the growing role of digital transformation (digitalization) in the system of public administration. This indicates the urgent need to generalize the accumulated theoretical, empirical material and justify the solution of the problem of forming a new concept of the relationship between state and man, which today is the concept of a social democratic state. ; На сьогодні науковий аналіз щодо питань співвідношення вищих органів влади здійснюється з точки зору цілої низки юридичних наук, такі як: теорія держави та права, конституційне право України, адміністративне право тощо. Особливу актуальність зазначені питання набувають у сучасних умовах державно-правового розвитку нашої держави, що ще більше актуалізуються враховуючи події, які відбуваються в останнє десятиліття в Україні. Втім, для належного системного аналізу питання публічної влади передусім слід з'ясувати природу та сутність цих державно-правових інститутів. В свою чергу, події пов'язані із поширенням короновірусу (COVID – 19) на початку 2020 року яскраво засвідчили відносну визначеність (навіть вразливість) цілої групи суспільноправових інститутів, здатність держави їх обмежувати за різних обставин і в різні методи, недостатність механізмів гарантування та реалізації прав людини тощо. А, отже, потребує додаткового наукового аналізу система деструктивних чинників у трансформації публічного управління. Подальший розвиток науково-технічного прогресу, глобалізація стають стимулом до формування нових сфер відносин у суспільстві. Однією із таких сфер – є інформаційні відносини, розвиток ІТ-технологій і врешті-решт становлення інформаційного суспільства – зумовили зростання ролі цифрової трансформації (діджиталізація) у системі публічного управління. Зазначене свідчить про нагальну потребу щoдo узагальнення накопиченого теоретичного, емпіричного матеріалу та обґрунтування вирішення проблеми формування нової концепції взаємовідносин держави й людини, якoю сьoгoдні є концепція соціальної демократичної держави.