Suchergebnisse

Grande parte da costa noroeste de Portugal Continental apresenta várias áreas em erosão acentuada, fato que tem contribuído para um agravamento da vulnerabilidade do território. Entendendo a faixa costeira uma área de interface entre os subsistemas terra-mar, constitui uma área dotada de grande mutabilidade, que se encontra em conflito com o atual cariz permanente da presença humana, pelo que a fragilidade tem a sua maior expressão na erosão e no recuo da linha de costa, fenómeno que tem vindo a resultar na perda de áreas de valor ecológico-ambiental e económico. Esta situação resulta de diversos fatores naturais que se relacionam com a subida do nível médio das águas do mar, mas também da atuação do homem sobre o território. A atuação antrópica nas áreas litorais nem sempre obedece a princípios de sustentabilidade ambiental e económica, fato explicado pela inexistência de uma estratégia bem definida de ordenamento do território. Apresentando-se como áreas de forte sensibilidade à ação antrópica, em especial relacionado com a pressão urbanística e, à implantação de infraestruturas relacionadas com o turismo e lazer, para além de estarem sujeitas a uma forte suscetibilidade de erosão provocada pelo avanço do mar, a forma de mitigação dos riscos seria a existência de planos de ordenamento que definissem uma estratégia de desenvolvimento não agressiva para as zonas de litoral em Portugal.

International audience ; We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU-15 over the period 1970-2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 61(1):653-670, 1999; Econom Theory 20(3):597-625, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (Cointegration in panel data with breaks and cross-section dependence, European Central Bank, Working Paper 591, 2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (Econ Lett 97(3):185-190, 2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU-15 panel set, and within sub-periods (1970-1991 and 1992-2006).

International audience ; We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU-15 over the period 1970-2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 61(1):653-670, 1999; Econom Theory 20(3):597-625, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (Cointegration in panel data with breaks and cross-section dependence, European Central Bank, Working Paper 591, 2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (Econ Lett 97(3):185-190, 2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU-15 panel set, and within sub-periods (1970-1991 and 1992-2006).

International audience ; We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU-15 over the period 1970-2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 61(1):653-670, 1999; Econom Theory 20(3):597-625, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (Cointegration in panel data with breaks and cross-section dependence, European Central Bank, Working Paper 591, 2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (Econ Lett 97(3):185-190, 2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU-15 panel set, and within sub-periods (1970-1991 and 1992-2006).

We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU-15 over the period 1970–2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 61(1):653–670, 1999; Econom Theory 20(3):597–625, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (Cointegration in panel data with breaks and cross-section dependence, European Central Bank, Working Paper 591, 2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (Econ Lett 97(3):185–190, 2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU-15 panel set, and within sub-periods (1970–1991 and 1992–2006).

We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU15 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (1999, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While sustainability may be lacking in individual cases, fiscal policy was overall sustainable both for the EU15 panel set, and within some sub-periods.

We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU15 over the period 1970-2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (1999, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU15 panel set, and within sub-periods (1970-1991 and 1992-2006).

We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU15 over the period 1970-2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (1999, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU15 panel set, and within sub-periods (1970-1991 and 1992-2006).

We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU15 over the period 1970-2006 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (1999, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While estimations point to fiscal sustainability being an issue in some countries, fiscal policy was sustainable both for the EU15 panel set, and within subperiods (1970-1991 and 1992-2006).

European Central Bank Working Paper Series, n° 820, 2007 ; We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU15 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (1999, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While sustainability may be lacking in individual cases, fiscal policy was overall sustainable both for the EU15 panel set, and within some sub-periods.

European Central Bank Working Paper Series, n° 820, 2007 ; We assess the sustainability of public finances in the EU15 using stationarity and cointegration analysis. Specifically, we use panel unit root tests of the first and second generation allowing in some cases for structural breaks. We also apply modern panel cointegration techniques developed by Pedroni (1999, 2004), generalized by Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), to a structural long-run equation between general government expenditures and revenues. While sustainability may be lacking in individual cases, fiscal policy was overall sustainable both for the EU15 panel set, and within some sub-periods.

Improving the energy efficiency of new and existing building stock while fostering the use of renewable energy is one of the major goals of the Renovation Wave initiative promoted by the European Union. In this framework, the present research focuses on the design of an innovative and efficient construction solution for an external envelope and internal partitions that can improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort in lightweight construction technology for buildings. The use of phase change materials (PCMs), particularly in the macroencapsulated form, in building construction solutions or components enhances the buildings' thermal mass without significantly increasing the solutions' weight. Therefore, the solution herein developed is essentially targeted at lightweight building technology since the incorporation of a macroencapsulated PCM core will allow to store and release large amounts of energy per volume unit, in order to attenuate high indoor temperature fluctuations. In the scope of this study, the use of a thermally active core in a lightweight construction solution was designed and thermally characterized. Thus, an experimental campaign on the thermal properties of the solution containing macroencapsulated PCMs was performed, intended for applications in two twin full-scale cold-formed steel lightweight tiny houses. Regarding the hot box heat flux meter approach, the results revealed the following: good correlation between thermal conductivity and mean specimen temperatures for both construction assemblies tested, and significant thermal amplitude reduction with the use solution containing the macroencapsulated PCM core.