Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article provides an in‐depth analysis of fiscal decentralization in Ethiopia from 1994/95 to 2019/20, focusing on five fiscal categories: regional own‐source revenues, regional tax autonomy, regional borrowing, federal grants, and conditional grants. To measure fiscal de/centralization, the study constructs original data sets based on reports from various organizations over multiple years. The analysis results demonstrate that fiscal de/centralization varies temporally and spatially. While improved capacity is associated with enhanced own‐source revenue, the desire to improve regional fiscal management often results in fiscal centralization. Further, although Ethiopian regions have constitutional powers to determine the bases and rates of regional taxes, the central government has significant influence in such matters, often manipulating regional affairs in disregard of the constitution. The article reveals substantial variations of own‐source revenues across regions attributed to regional differences in capacity, development, location, and investment distribution. The article highlights the importance of a systematic understanding of region‐specific challenges to accurately assess the effectiveness of decentralization policies in the global South. Insights from Ethiopia are of great importance to policymakers looking to embrace fiscal decentralization in developing countries.

While it helps to put the overemphasis on Chinese agency in the literature into perspective, the recent debate on the role played by African agency in Sino-African relations generally adopts the same rationalist perspective on international politics, and thus stands to miss important aspects of the relations studied. This paper takes the example of Ethiopia, which is often used to highlight African elites' strategic use of the new options presented by China's rise, and analyses it from a constructivist perspective. Such a perspective proposes that we need to take the role played by ideas, discourses and emotions seriously, and that Ethiopian policy makers do not exist outside a dense web of personal relations, common knowledge, and shared practices that inadvertently structure their relations with China. More specifically, it is argued here that the ruling parties of China and Ethiopia are linked together in an international community of practice, that exchanges within this community have strengthened the perception of like-mindedness, and that Sino-Ethiopian relations therefore rest on a different basis than is acknowledged by purely rationalist accounts.

In Ethiopia, home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders (MNPs) was introduced in 2015 as a new approach to improve micronutrient intakes. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with intake adherence and drivers for correct MNP use over time to inform scale‐up of MNP interventions. Mixed methods including questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions were used. Participants, 1,185 children (6–11 months), received bimonthly 30 MNP sachets for 8 months, with instruction to consume 15 sachets/month, that is, a sachet every other day and maximum of one sachet per day. Adherence to distribution (if child receives ≥14 sachets/month) and adherence to instruction (if child receives exactly 15[±1] sachets/month) were assessed monthly by counting used sachets. Factors associated with adherence were examined using generalized estimating equations. Adherence fluctuated over time, an average of 58% adherence to distribution and 28% for adherence to instruction. Average MNP consumption was 79% out of the total sachets provided. Factors positively associated with adherence included ease of use (instruction), child liking MNP and support from community (distribution and instruction) and mother's age >25 years (distribution). Distance to health post, knowledge of correct use (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66–0.81), perceived negative effects (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54–0.99) and living in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People Region (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.52–0.67) were inversely associated with adherence to distribution. Free MNP provision, trust in the government and field staff played a role in successful implementation. MNP is promising to be scaled‐up, by taking into account factors that positively and negatively determine adherence.

An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread‐baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. There is a functional relationship between the use of ovens and griddles and the presence or absence of gluten in bread ingredients. Ovens are most appropriate for cereals containing gluten and may be implicated in the selection of higher quality gluten in domesticated wheats. We conclude, based on evidence for griddle use and the performance characteristics of African cereals, that indigenous species were exploited in highland Ethiopia before Near Eastern cereals were introduced. Griddle‐cooking practices that bias the preservation of Near Eastern cereals over African ones may explain the absence of African cereals in the early archaeobotanical record. [Keywords: Ethiopia, ethnoarchaeology, archaeobotany, ovens, griddles]

This study empirically examine the effect of trade openness on inflation in Ethiopia using annual time series data over the period 1970/1971-2010/2011 by applying auto regressive distributed lag(ARDL) model for inflation. The control variables that are included in the inflation equation are gross fixed capital formation, money supply, per capita income and government consumption expenditure. The objective of this study is to test the applicability of Romer hypothesis in Ethiopia. In the contrary to Romer hypothesis the finding of the study indicates that the role of trade openness on reducing inflation is insignificant both in the long run and short run. The result of the study confirms that among the control variables included in the inflation equation, gross fixed capital formation significantly reduce inflation. But money supply, per capita income and government consumption expenditure have a positive and significant effect both in the long run and short run. The most important policy implication that comes out of this study is that the policy makers should focus on measures other than external trade sector such as money supply and government expenditure in devising policies to combat and reduce domestic inflation.

Drawing from interviews, archival documents and a range of other sources, this article takes stock of key public policy research and analysis organizations in Ethiopia. It sheds light on the significance of professionalization of policy analysis and its contributions to closing the gap between knowledge and policymaking, offers insights into improved policymaking, hints and lessons for better institutionalization of policy analysis and research. The paper also points to the inauspicious environment in which non-government and university based policy research organizations operate, and touches on the negligible influence that the latter have on policymaking. The central thesis of this article is, therefore, professionalization of policy analysis can achieve a measure of excellence: 1) when there is a permissive environment whereby a given policymaking system permits a constant flow of innovative policy ideas and gives access to policy relevant information; and 2) when the scholars in the policy research institutes maintain standards of objectivity, autonomy and freedom from political partisanship.Keywords: policy research and analysis organizations, policy analysis, bridging the gap between knowledge and policy making, institutionalization of policy analysis, Ethiopia

This article presents a multilevel analysis of rural out-migration in Ethiopia over the 1984–1994 period. Using a recent household survey carried out in the drought prone rural areas of Ethiopia, discrete-time hazard models are used to examine the impact of individual, household and community factors on migration. Incorporating a life-course and the "new economics of migration" perspectives, our findings suggest that rural out-migration in these areas can be viewed as a function of individual, household and community characteristics. We find that mobility of people for schooling in the impoverished rural communities is minimal. Migration of both sexes was possible mainly through marriage, although females tend to depart their residences more than males. Our findings also reveal substantial period effects on out-migration trends.

A well-managed and effective logistics is central to any disaster response. Humanitarian logistics is the back bone of any emergency support and plays key roles in rendering relief aid services to the disaster affected people yet it is challenged by various factors. Previous studies undergone content analysis and identified four major factors and suggested case studies and survey methodologies in order to learn the statistical effect of these factors on performance of humanitarian logistics. Accordingly, this study is the first to combine internal & external factors together and examine their effects using survey data analyzed through empirical study and identified seven statistically significant variables both from internal & external factors. The factors are listed in descending order from highest to lowest as: donors' funds, environmental situational factors, professional staff, infrastructure situational factors, socioeconomic situational factors, Institutional learning and government situational factors. Moreover, so far, these variables were not investigated in the IRC Ethiopia context and hence this study is the first and the original in the case of this organization. Based on the findings it was recommended that IRC Ethiopia to consider: allocating adequate funds for long term logistics infrastructures and systems as well as for long term disaster preparedness, prepare for challenges of rain season transportation through heavy duty four wheel drive trucks or liaising with partner organization which have air plane facilities , increase capacity of logisticians through secondment and advanced field training, continue investing on backups for utilities, changing view of suppliers from transactional to collaborative, increasing partnership with the government both at regional and federal level and make records of failure or success stories of past logistics experiences and performances. Finally, this study has filled to important research gaps: .The empirical methodological gap that previous studies have failed but suggested to, and . Assessment of the current situation in the effect of logistics performance and its associated factors at IRC Ethiopia. Key words: humanitarian logistics, internal factors, external factors, performance of humanitarian logistics