Suchergebnisse

This paper gives an overview of socio-cultural, religious and
political background of Pakistani society and examines the current
status of women utilising data from Pakistan Fertility and Family
planning Survey 1996-97. The low status of women is one of the many
factors in Pakistani society, which interfere with the achievement of
development goals. The success of family planning intervention also
mainly depends upon the cooperation and involvement of women. The
traditional social structures and norms that limit women's roles may
limit their ability to contribute in efforts to control population
growth. Some indicators, such as education of women, employment of
women, women's participation in domestic and child related decisions,
women's mobility, communication about family planning, religion and
family planning, have been examined from Pakistan Fertility and Family
Planning Survey (1996-97) [For detail of PFFPS, see Hakim et at.
(1998)]. Data reveal that there is a little improvement in the social
indicators of status of women in Pakistan, however, it is still very low
which inhibit their participation in education and in the labour force
as well as encouraging their high fertility. Maintenance of traditional
Islamic and cultural restrictions on women may also conflict with the
achievement of development goals in family planning. Hence an
examination is required of Islamic teachings and customary laws
affecting the status of women in Pakistani society and the family which
ultimately restrict women from adopting family planning
measures.

This paper presents further consideration of the following interrelation in the energy production sphere: oil and gas business and international projects on the long-term storage of nuclear materials. There are discussed some Russian versions of construction of nuclear depositories as well as corresponding geological assessments. In particular, for the North-West Russia.

This paper presents further consideration of the following interrelation in the energy production sphere: oil and gas business and international projects on the long-term storage of nuclear materials. There are discussed some Russian versions of construction of nuclear depositories as well as corresponding geological assessments. In particular, for the North-West Russia.

The main idea of the article is to show the importance of education as a factor in identifying the middle class. This means that people with middle class status are involved in various structures of society and they have reached prestigious positions respectively which, in turn, affect the extent of their inclusion in society. Middle-class representatives have complete and successful career realization, and they are signifiantly more inflential from a social point of view in comparison to other individuals which are less integrated and less successful following the public indicators of personal success: education, income, prestige and political power. The paper is primarily based on results obtained through the European Social Survey (ESS) under the 2006, 2009 and 2013 waves. Findings of the present paper are that quality education is not only a function of effort, ambition and persistence, but also of parental involvement, culture capital and family background. Educational achievements are a stimulus for middle-class expansion because they present investment in social contacts and competition on the labour market.