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Provides comprehensive coverage of this topic option for the new National 4 & 5 syllabus and is endorsed by SQA. The National 4 & 5 History series from Hodder Gibson offers six individual textbooks aimed at the most popular options for the new SQA syllabus, to be examined from 2014 onwards. Like all titles in the series, Migration and Empire 1830-1939 gives a brief synopsis of each topic and then comprehensive coverage of the four main areas of mandatory content, as well as guidance on assignment writing and assessment procedures for exam practice. Glossary boxes throughout the text offer expl

Theoretical Methods in Social History examines how generality can be wrested from historical facts. The book explores the various aspects on the application of social theory to historical materials. Chapters delve on various historical issues such as the sociological bias of Trotsky and De Tocqueville; functional analysis of class relations in Smelser and Bendix; and the analogy between intellectual productions. Historians and philosophers will find the book interesting.

This article is actually an outline of history of anthropology in Iran. In part, it traces the development of the field and the problems that some of its practitioners have been endeavoring to overcome. In part, it recounts some of the experiences of the author and the frustrations she and others encountered in trying to broaden the scope of the permissible range of study of anthropology.The ministry of public instructions has made its basic principlelessIt propagates in all ways ignorance and ingratitudeOn the one hand it does not appreciate the knowledge of those who knowOn the other it builds the museum of ethnology.

A riveting, comprehensive history of the Arab peoples and tribes that explores the role of language as a cultural touchstone. This kaleidoscopic book covers almost 3,000 years of Arab history and shines a light on the footloose Arab peoples and tribes who conquered lands and disseminated their language and culture over vast distances. Tracing this process to the origins of the Arabic language, rather than the advent of Islam, Tim Mackintosh-Smith begins his narrative more than a thousand years before Muhammad and focuses on how Arabic, both spoken and written, has functioned as a vital source of shared cultural identity over the millennia. Mackintosh-Smith reveals how linguistic developments—from pre-Islamic poetry to the growth of script, Muhammad's use of writing, and the later problems of printing Arabic—have helped and hindered the progress of Arab history, and investigates how, even in today's politically fractured post–Arab Spring environment, Arabic itself is still a source of unity and disunity.

There was significant reduction in number of municipalities in the Czech Republic in the era of socialism. This is a consequence of the application of the central system of settlement, which was based on Christaller's theory of central places. In connection with the changes after 1989, there was disintegration of such integrated communities and the situation has stabilized. Number of small villages were renewed but cities with hundred thousand inhabitants (population of these cities oscillates around hundred thousand inhabitants) did not experience such process. Due to this fact the big cities in the Czech Republic are typical for their larger size because they also administrate smaller residential units of rural character, often many kilometers from the city centers. These administrative parts of the cities are managed in different ways. In connection with the manifestations of suburbanization during the past twenty years, the transformation of the social structure of the inhabitants in these "suburbs" and changes in rules of municipal budgetary allocation of taxes (hereinafter BAT) there is the question of sustainability and stability of thus de fi ned borders of municipalities. The paper presents opinions on the development of fi nancing system and attempts to analyze the motives of the peripheral parts of selected cities with hundred thousand inhabitants to remain part or separate from these cities. In connection with changes in the BAT made on 1st January 2013, the fi nancial motive can have an important role. The main aim of the paper will be a comparison of the current fi nancial income of these municipalities with previous periods in relation to changes in the BAT and assess the impact of these changes on the potential disintegration processes and municipal politics. Process of urban disintegration and creation of a new municipality is not easy and is provided for in the legal system of the Czech Republic. The paper also gives an overview of this legislation. Authors focus on the cities of Olomouc and Pardubice.

At only 16 years old, Achieng Ajulu-Bushell is set to become the first ever black female to represent Great Britain in a swimming discipline. Ajulu-Bushell has made the difficult choice to switch allegiance from Kenya to GB in order to achieve her personal best as a competitor at the London 2012 Games.

Household solid waste management is a severe problem in East Africa capital cities. Domestic actors tend to be neglected in their role in solving the problem. This book develops a new conceptual framework for analyzing the role of households in solid waste management in East Africa's capital cities. This conceptual framework is derived from the theory of the Modernized Mixture Approach. By focusing on households in informal settlements in particular, domestic routines for handling wastes are analyzed for their technical and social dimensions. By elaborating upon the technical and social aspects of domestic solid wastes and the role of householders in producing and handling these wastes, this book adds to the scanty body of scientific knowledge of sustainable waste management by householders in East African countries. The knowledge generated with respect to technical and social dimensions can be used in the future by researchers and policy makers in SWM policies both in East Africa and comparable situations elsewhere in the world

This article reviews the literature on discharge for cause in the United States in the twentieth century. The principal findings are that (1) discharge rates tend to be lower during periods of economic recession and higher during years of prosperity; (2) discharge rates have not varied significantly as between union and nonunion employers; (3) discharge rates are inversely related to seniority and age of employees; and (4) workers who are discharged for cause have more difficulty finding employment than workers who have been laid off or who have left their jobs voluntarily. It is estimated that approximately 3 million private sector at-will employees are discharged each year. Using what they consider to be reasonable assumptions, the authors estimate that at least 150,000 would be found to have been discharged without just cause if they had recourse to arbitration under the same standards as unionized employees.