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This study examined the use of interpreters with patients who are speakers of African languages at a recently integrated psychiatric institution in post-apartheid South Africa. The research process itself reflected important aspects of the institutional dynamics around the issues of language and ethnicity. The impact of inadequate language resources on service provision was profound. Interpreters have a role in alleviating the difficulties described, but routine organizational strategies for managing speakers of African languages are powerful obstacles to change. Complex institutional and societal discourses to do with race, identity, community, alienation and the practice of public psychiatry constellate around the language issue. Without sufficient recognition of the centrality of language in service provision, integration and institutional transformation will be impeded.

Feminist critiques can provide new insights into organizational theories by examining the historical context in which these theories emerged, the research methods in which the theories are grounded, and the assumptions underlying the theories themselves. This paper applies a feminist critique to sociological theories of entrepreneurship. First, the sociological theories are described, focusing on the effects of political factors, state policies, culture, spatial location, and professionalization on entrepreneurship. This is followed by an analysis of these sociological theories investigating the values embedded in these theories and demonstrating how they can take gender relations into consideration. Finally, several directions for future research are discussed along with the potential feminist theories which have to produce change at the societal level.

In this article, the authors describe a college organization created to establish a partnership between Trinity College faculty and students and four community organizing groups. Through this organization, the Trinity Center for Neighborhoods, the research skills of faculty and students are used to gather information identified by the community as essential before these community groups can effectively plan and argue for change. Since 1995, more than 45 applied research projects have been completed. In addition to describing the organization and the actions taken as a result of the research, the authors review the basic assumptions underlying the structure they have built, a structure that has allowed them—a small liberal arts college and the surrounding neighborhoods—to work together successfully.

In this article, we discuss the role of the internet in cultural changes and transformation. The traditional view is that inherent cultures affect business operations so corporations must be cognizant of the prevalent cultures in their operating environments. Frequently, failures of multinational corporations in new environments are often blamed on corporate lack of knowledge and understanding of these prevalent cultures. While this may still be true in today's environment, the influence of technology, particularly the internet in the 21st century, has been so significant that the world may be approaching a "unification of cultures". Thus, this paper argues that the internet will lead to a global cultural transformation that will enhance global business operations by removing cultural barriers that lead to sub‐optimal business operations.

Numerous information system evaluation methodologies have been proposed in the literature. However, most of them suffer from a number of inherited disabilities originating in the nature of their fundamental principles as well as the nature of information systems evaluation. Uses evidence from the evaluation literature and two case studies to address the multiple dimensions for evaluation practices. We focus on the context, content and process of information systems evaluation as a source of organisational change. We found a noticeable gap between the recent theoretical work on IS evaluation and the practices within the case study organisations. This was not due to any lack of knowledge but was attributed to contextual variables such as the organisational culture and the power of important stakeholder groups.

This report is a part of the results of the EU project TRANSLAND (see Berichte aus dem Institut für Raumplanung 47). The project investigated innovative approaches to the integration of land-use and transport planning in urban regions. The report presents engineering, economic and social-science based theories and empirical studies to explain the interaction between land use and transport - that land use determines traffic flows and that transport infrastructure changes land-use patterns. In addition the report provides an overview of the state of the art of computer models for the simulation of land use and transport. Based on these theories and models the effectiveness of policies to influence land use and transport in urban regions is assessed.

Does globalization restrict the leeway for national budgetary policy? With the help of cluster and discriminant analysis this study provides evidence on the basis of the experience of OECD countries since the 1970s. Four budgetary dimensions are included in the analysis: tax structure, expenditure structure, public debt and budget size. Globalization as a potential driving force for changes in government finance is identified in form of variables on the existence of capital and current account restrictions, on the exposure to international trade and the exchange rate regime. The results suggest that globalization does indeed matter for government budgets. However, substantial room for an individual national policy particularly in regard to expenditure structure and public debt is left.

EUROMOD is a 15-country tax-benefit microsimulation model based on national household micro-data. It is designed to estimate the revenue and distributional effects of national or EUwide changes in social and fiscal policy. In order to provide European results, and for results at the national level to be comparable, it is necessary to make adjustments to the input microdata and to adopt assumptions about the relative value of incomes across countries. This paper explores the sensitivity of model results to the choice of these adjustments and assumptions. It focuses particularly on the effects of the treatment of survey non-response and income underreporting, and on the choice of exchange rates and equivalence scales.

We present an equilibrium-search model with heterogenous workers whosearch for a job in one of two sectors and who lose part of theirskills during unemployment. We show that an import tariff increasethe wage and the employment prospects in the protected sector. Thisresults in a labor market distortion because it changes thecomparative advantage of the least specialised workers. Trade reformresults in sectoral reallocation of workers which affects employmentin both sectors through quantity and quality effects and increasesunemployment persistently. Replacing the tariff by a wage-costsubsidy financed by means of lump-sum taxation prevents unemploymentfrom rising after trade has been reformed. However, giving a wage-cost subsidy to both sectors is cheapersince then comparative advantage of workers will no longer bedistorted, although unemployment will temporarily rise.

Because professional licensing boards represent nondemocratic elements in a political system founded on democratic principles, their legitimacy has been questioned in recent years. This article examines legal and medical licensing boards in three states—Georgia, California, and Massachusetts—to determine whether developments in those states suggest a trend toward appointing citizen members to boards. The article concludes that although public acceptance of licensing boards might improve in the wake of appointing citizen members, such a cosmetic change does not necessarily ensure that the "public interest" is protected. Only when the private interests of democratically selected citizen board members are balanced against the private interests of professional board members will concerns about the legitimacy of licensing boards possibly be assuaged.

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Agricultural Marketing Service's (AMS) new rule on milk in New England and other marketing areas. GAO noted that: (1) the rule consolidates the 31 federal milk marketing orders into 11 orders in compliance with the 1996 Farm Bill, which mandated that the federal milk marketing orders be consolidated into between 10 and 14 orders; (2) the rule also sets forth, among other changes, a replacement for the Class I price structure and replaces the basic formula price with a multiple component pricing system; and (3) AMS complied with the applicable requirements in promulgating the rule."