Suchergebnisse

The concept of `societal security' has been formulated to account for the phenomenon of societal identity as a source of instability. This article discusses the concept as articulated by Buzan et al. and applies it to the post-Soviet experience of the Baltic States. It examines the process of Sovietization and the way in which migration and horizontal and vertical competition created tensions and stresses between societies in the Baltic States which then carried over into and shaped the first decade of restored independence. The reasons for and nature of the state-building policies in the three states, particularly the formulation of citizenship policies and the emergence of classic societal security dilemmas, are analysed. Within an empirically based section, the authors then explore the way in which the prospect of European Union membership has impacted on the societal security sectors in Estonia and Latvia. It argues that the normative power of the EU has prompted Estonia and Latvia to resolve their societal security dilemmas in a manner acceptable to the EU, but that the `magnetic attraction' of EU membership increasingly has the power to repel within an emerging post-sovereign security order.

Autore savam maģistra darbam ir izvēlējusies tēmu "Mūzikas skolas direktors pārmaiņu laikā", jo 21. gadsimta sākumam raksturīga jauna sociālās un kultūras dzīves situācija, šāda situācija iezīmē arī jaunu pieeju mūzikas pedagoģijā un tās pētniecībā. Pētījuma mērķis ir, pamatojoties uz zinātniskajā literatūrā gūtajām atziņām un praktiskās pieredzes izpēti, izstrādāt piemērotāko profesionālās ievirzes mūzikas izglītības modeli 2010./2011.mācību gadam, balstoties uz mūzikas profesionālās ievirzes izglītības reformu krīzes laika Latvijā. Darba uzdevumi ir pētīt problēmas teorētiskās nostādnes; raksturot mūzikas profesionālās ievirzes izglītības reformas būtību, īpatnības un saturu krīzes laikā Latvijā; izzināt mūzikas skolas direktora darbības iespējas, vadot mūzikas profesionālās ievirzes mācību iestādi Latvijas kultūrpolitikas kontekstā pārmaiņu apstākļos; veikt gadījuma pētījumu, lai noskaidrotu mūzikas skolu vadītāju gatavību pārmaiņām izglītībā; izstrādāt profesionālās ievirzes mūzikas izglītības modeli 2010./2011.mācību gadam; analizēt un izvērtēt praktiskā pētījumā iegūtos rezultātus. Pētījuma teorētiskā daļa balstās uz dažādu autoru atziņām par vispārējās izglītības iestāžu vadību pārmaiņu procesos izglītībā pasaulē un Latvijā, izzinātas menedžmenta teoriju iespējas izglītības vadībā, analizēta kultūrizglītības loma 21.gadsimtā Latvijā, raksturota mūzikas profesionālās izglītības reforma krīzes laikā Latvijā, izzinātas mūzikas skolu direktoru darbības iespējas Latvijā kultūrpolitikas kontekstā pārmaiņu apstākļos. Pētījuma praktiskajā daļā izzinātas mūzikas skolas direktora darbības iespējas, vadot mūzikas profesionālās ievirzes mācību iestādi Latvijas kultūrpolitikas kontekstā pārmaiņu apstākļos. Pētnieciskās darbības rezultāti apstiprināja maģistra darbā izvirzīto hipotēzi. Atslēgas vārdi : kultūrizglītība, kultūrpolitika, menedžments, reforma. Maģistra darbs sastāv 4 daļām, literatūras saraksta, secinājumiem, anotācijas latviešu un angļu valodā, pielikumiem. ; For her Master's Thesis the author has chosen a theme "Music School Director in a Time of Change" because there is new situation in the social and culture life at the beginning of the 21st century. This situation also marks a new approach to music pedagogy and its research. The goal of this research is to develop the most appropriate model for professionally oriented music education for school year 2010/2011 based on lessons learned in the scientific literature and practical research, supported by the reform of professionally oriented music education in the time of crisis in Latvia. The tasks for the Thesis are as follows: to research the theoretical approaches of the problem; to describe the nature, characteristics and content of the reform of professionally oriented music education in the time of crisis in Latvia; to explore the options for managing professionally oriented music education institution in the context of culture politics of Latvia in the time of change; to take a case study in order to discover music school directors' readiness for changes in education; to develop a model for professionally oriented music education for school year 2010/2011; to analyze and evaluate the results of the study case. The theoretical part of the research is based on knowledge of several authors on managing educational institutions in the world and in Latvia in the times of change. The author explored the possibilities of management theory in education leadership, analyzed the role of cultural education in Latvia of the 21st century, and researched possibilities of action for music school directors in the context of Latvian culture politics in the time of change. In the practical part of the research the author explored possibilities of action for music school director by leading a professionally oriented musical educational institution in the context of Latvian culture politics in the time of change. The results of research confirmed the hypothesis of the Master's Thesis. Key words: management, culture politics, culture education, reform. The Master's Thesis consists of four parts, bibliography, conclusions, annotations in Latvian and English, appendixes.

Latvijā pēdējos gados ir vērojams ārkārtīgi straujš izsniegto kredītu atlikuma pieaugums. Turklāt arī nekustamā īpašumā tirgū ir vērojams ievērojams cenu kāpums, ko nodrošina brīvi pieejamie kredītresursi. Pie šādiem apstākļiem rodas pamatotas aizdomas, ka nekustāma īpašuma tirgū ir izveidojies "cenu burbulis". Situāciju pasliktina apstāklis, ka Latvijā ir vērojama liela banku sektora atkarība no nekustamā īpašuma tirgus – pēc aptuveniem aprēķiniem ap 50% no banku aizdevumiem tieši (hipotēku kredīti, aizdevumi nekustamā īpašuma un būvniecības nozarēm) vai netiešie (aizdevumi citam nozarēm nodrošināti ar nekustāmo īpašumu) ir saistīti ar šo nozari. Pašreizējā situācija Latvijā liecina par to, ka, mainoties jebkuram no labvēlīgajiem apstākļiem, kas šobrīd valda hipotekārās kreditēšanas, var izraisīties krīze nekustamā īpašuma tirgū, kas var nopietni apdraudēt banku sistēmas stabilitāti valstī. Vadoties no tā, parādās hipotekārās kreditēšanas pētīšanas un analīzes nepieciešamība ar mērķi noskaidrot dažāda veida problēmas. Pirmajā nodaļā ir apskatīti kredītu un kreditēšanas teorētiskie aspekti. Otrā nodaļa ir veltīta hipotekārās kreditēšanas analīzei. Trešajā nodaļā sniegts kreditēšanas ekonomiskais un tiesiskais pamatojums Latvijā un ES. Novērtētas Latvijas un ES kredītu tirgus attīstības tendences. Ceturtajā nodaļā sakārtoti pētījumu rezultāti par hipotekārā kredīta tirgus attīstības tendencēm Latvijā, kā arī analizēti hipotekārā kredīta tirgus ietekmējošie faktori, izmantojot statistikas datus. Šai analīzei kā palīginstruments tika izmantota monetārās politikas un makroekonomisko rādītāju analīze. Papildus jau minētajiem jautājumiem tika aprakstītas arī nozares, kuras uz doto brīdi Latvijā ir prioritāras kreditēšanai. Darbā tiek analizēta hipotekārās kreditēšanas un nekustama īpašuma tirgus mijiedarbība. Nobeigumā formulēti galvenie atzinumi, secinājumi, problēmas un priekšlikumi problēmu risināšanai. Maģistra darba apjoms ir 105 lapas un tajā ir iekļauti 5 tabulas, 17 attēli, 2 pielikumi, tika izmantota teorētiskā un analītiskā literatūra, dažādas internētā pieejamās mājas lapas. ; In recent years in Latvia there has been remarkable credit expansion. Outstanding mortgage loans have increased. Real estate prices have experienced similar growth. Under these circumstances there are reasonable suspicions that "price bubble" has occurred. Condition is worsened by the fact about 50% of banks loans are related with real estate market (mortgage loans, direct loans for real estate investments, other loans collateralised by real estate). Current situation in Latvia indicates that if there are any changes in the favourable (mortgage) loan market conditions there might develop real estate market crisis and significant instability in banking sector. The above-mentioned facts are the reason for a necessity for studying and the analysis of hypothec crediting with the purpose to define, to predict and to deal with a various sort of a problem that might occur to decrease uncertainly. In the first part theoretical aspects of credits and crediting are considered. The second part is devoted to the analysis of hypothec crediting. The third part bears in itself the legal and economic basis in Latvia and EU. The tendency of development of the credit market of Latvia and EU is estimated. In the fourth part results of researches about the market of hypothec crediting and the tendency of development in Latvia, and factors influencing on hypothec crediting analysed using statistical data. For this analysis as the auxiliary tool is used the analysis of political and macroeconomic parameters. In addition to already mentioned questions spheres, at which, at the moment, a priority in crediting is described. In work the interrelation of hypothec crediting and the market of the real estate are analysed. In the end the main data, conclusions and offers for the decision of problems are formulated. The work consists of 105 pages, 5 tables,17 graphics and 2 appendixes. For describing and analysis the author used theoretical and analytical literature and various Internet pages.

This article analyses the natural population increase (decrease) in the postcommunist part of Baltic Europe (the federated state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, West Pomeranian, Pomeranian, and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Kaliningrad and Leningrad region, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg) in 2002-2011. The study uses standard methods of demographic analysis, the data provided by national statistical services and Eurostat. All regions analysed are characterised by a low stationary phase of the demographic transition model (DTM). The situation proves to be unfavourable in the Polish regions under consideration and highly unfavourable in the remaining area.

What is the current state of discussion in Cultural History? Which European institutions engage exclusively in Cultural History and which topics do they address? And how will Cultural History develop in the future? These and other questions are raised by European scholars in the discussion of Institutions, Themes and Perspectives of Cultural History in this volume. It provides a profound overview of contemporary developments in Scandinavia, Finland, Great Britain, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Spain

What is the current state of discussion in Cultural History? Which European institutions engage exclusively in Cultural History and which topics do they address? And how will Cultural History develop in the future? These and other questions are raised by European scholars in the discussion of Institutions, Themes and Perspectives of Cultural History in this volume. It provides a profound overview of contemporary developments in Scandinavia, Finland, Great Britain, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Spain.

The central challenges facing the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia as they work to catch up to advanced European Union (EU) income levels are discussed in this new book. Focusing on the region's growth performance, and outlining two growth scenarios that illustrate the range of investment and productivity growth rates under the income catchup objective, the authors draw upon extensive resources to identify strengths and weaknesses

The aim of the article is to explore the specificity of electronic billing in the Republic of Latvia and other countries of the European Union, to compare it, establish the issues related to the use of electronic bills as well as elaborate suggestions to prevent them. As a result of the work the authors elaborated suggestions for a conception of electronic bills, analysed the advantages and potential benefits of the offered conception.

This handbook reflects the key findings from a two year comparative project funded by the European Commission, examining alternatives to imprisonment in Europe. The project analysed statistical and qualitative evidence on prisoner populations and the use of alternatives to imprisonment across eight European Union (EU) states: Italy, France, Greece, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the three separate jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. The data analysed covered the period 2000 to 2014.

This study applies the threshold autoregressive (TAR) method proposed by Caner and Hansen (2001) to test the validity of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) in 14 transition countries, using monthly real effective exchange rates over the period January 1994– June 2012. The empirical results indicate that PPP holds only in five countries (i.e., Cyprus, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Slovenia). Furthermore, we found that the adjustment toward PPP is nonlinear.

In this paper, a community-modelling (COMMOD) framework for integrating of system dynamics models with agent-based systems and geographic information systems in the context of modelling and simulation of sustainable community development is proposed. The proposed framework has been developed for local government of Kuldiga District in Kurzeme Region, Latvia. The combined modelling framework is considered as an invaluable tool in assisting decision-makers in development planning allowing evaluation of alternative scenarios and planning options.

As the european union begins to expand eastward, nato has announced that it will decide next year whether to expand into the former Soviet republics of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Earlier this year, Current History consulting editor Sean Patrick Murphy interviewed visiting Latvian President Vaira Vike-Freiberga in Washington, D.C. about Latvia's possible entry into nato and the implications for Latvia's relationship with Russia. An edited transcript of the interview follows.

IN THE FIRST POST-COLD WAR DECADE, NORDIC STATES' POLICYMAKERS WERE CONFRONTED BY FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN THEIR SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES HOW ESTONIA, LATVIA AND LITHUANIA WERE VIEWED BY TOP FINNISH, SWEDISH, NORWEGIAN AND DANISH FOREIGN POLICYMAKERS. IT EXPLAINS SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG NORDIC PERSPECTIVES OF BALTIC SECURITY. SWEDISH AND FINNISH POSITIONS ON THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC STATES ARE FOUND TO DIFFER IN SIGNIFICANT RESPECTS FROM NORWEGIAN AND DANISH ASSESSMENTS.

Mass deportations of native populations (Jews included) from territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40 in amicable division of spoils with Nazi Germany and its allies had everywhere the same historical background and followed roughly the same procedure. Territories in question included the states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in their entirety, parts of Finland, nearly one-half of pre-1939 Poland, and the formerly Romanian regions of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

Intro -- The Estonian Straits: Exceptions to the Strait Regime of Innocent or Transit Passage -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Series Editor Preface -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part 1: The Legal Categories of Straits -- 1 Interpretation of the Legal Categories of Straits under the LOSC -- 2 The Legal Regimes of Historic Straits, Ice-covered Straits and Sui Generis Straits -- 3 The Determinants of the Legal Categories of Straits -- Part 2: The Significance of Maritime Boundary Delimitation for the Legal Regime of the Estonian Straits -- 1 The Estonian-Russian Territorial Sea Boundary Delimitation in the Gulf of Finland -- 1 The Maritime Area in the Gulf of Finland Subject to Delimitation between Estonia and the Russian Federation -- 2 Pre-existing Agreements Pertaining to the Delimitation of the Maritime Area -- 3 Estonian-Russian Negotiations on the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Finland -- 4 Delimitation of the Territorial Sea by the Equidistance-special Circumstances Rule -- 5 The Significance of Islands for the Maritime Boundary Delimitation and for the Viro Strait's Legal Regime -- 2 The Boundary Delimitation between Finland and the Soviet Union in the Gulf of Finland -- 1 The Existence of the Russian EEZ in the Gulf of Finland -- 2 The Acknowledgment of the Existence of the Russian EEZ in the Gulf of Finland -- 3 The Estonian-Latvian Boundary Delimitation in the Gulf of Riga -- 1 The Estonian-Latvian Negotiations on the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Riga -- 2 Pre-existing Agreements Pertaining to the Delimitation of the Maritime Area -- 3 Pre-existing Agreements on the Status of Ruhnu Island -- 4 The Status of Ruhnu Island under Article 7(1) of the LOSC -- 5 Delimitation in the Gulf of Riga -- 6 The EEZ in the Gulf of Riga