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Though the US is the oldest & most thoroughgoing secular state, org'd religion plays a greater part there than anywhere else. Secular state & religious society are, in fact, complementary to each other. In America, the origins of secularism are religious - the belief in the uniqueness of the religious life - whereas in Europe the origins are pol'al - the attempt to ensure pol'al stability in an irreligious society. If religion is recognized as constituting belief in an after-life, then totalitarian creeds which believe that satisfaction can be attained in this world are not protected under the First Amendment. The line between the spheres of gov'al & religious action is, however, not clear, as was shown in the McCollum case where it was deemed unconstitutional for a Sch district to grant 'released time' for religious instruction. IPSA. Adapted from the source document.

Faced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a "quality of scholastic life", useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life ; Face au consumérisme et à l'individualisme ambiants, à l'érosion de l'autorité éducative et à des manifestations de violence dans certains établissements scolaires, et parfois d'intolérance religieuse et ethnique, cette thèse propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des propositions en lien avec un besoin social d'éthique ...

Faced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a "quality of scholastic life", useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life ; Face au consumérisme et à l'individualisme ambiants, à l'érosion de l'autorité éducative et à des manifestations de violence dans certains établissements scolaires, et parfois d'intolérance religieuse et ethnique, cette thèse propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des propositions en lien avec un besoin social d'éthique ...

Religion ist ein umkämpftes diskursives Feld unserer Gesellschaften, in dem Ressourcen, Zugehörigkeit bzw. Ausschluss und Vormachtstellung in Bezug auf Werte ausgehandelt werden. Mit Diversifizierungsprozessen und religiöser Pluralisierung in der angeblichen Wiederkehr der Religion haben Deutungs- und Zugangskämpfe nochmals an Fahrt aufgenommen. Als Beitrag zur Intersektionalitätsforschung analysiert die Publikation, wie und in welchem Interesse sich neue Schnittstellen zwischen Religion, Gender, Herkunft, Klasse und Nation bilden. Im Fokus sind dabei Bildungsprozesse als Sozialisation, Lernort und reflexive Veränderung von Religion. Das Buch möchte ein Forum der Analyse und Lösungsfindung für postsäkulare Gesellschaften Westeuropas bieten, die herausgefordert sind durch Diskussionen um Laizität, Integration, Umgang mit ihrer Geschichte und liberalen Rechtsstaat.Mit Beiträgen vonJulika Bayer, Petra Bleisch, Bettina Brandstetter, Lea Braun, Matteo Carmignola, Patrick Duval, Maria Fürstaller, Franz Gmainer-Pranzl, Magdalena Habringer, Nina Hover-Reisner, Stefan Huber, Evelyn Ivanova-Reuter, Sarah Jahn, Ramona Jelinek-Menke, Anne Koch, Thomas Krobath, Karsten Lehmann, Doris Lindner, Silvia Martens, Torsten Mergen, Manfred Oberlechner, Karin Peter, Mizrap Polat, Martin Rötting, Anna Schröder, Sarah Tran-Huu.

What is the relationship between secularization and tolerance? Critically analyzing the empirical and theoretical foundations of a putatively linear relationship between the two, this volume argues for moving past both romanticised readings of pre-modern tolerance and the unthinking belief that secularization will inevitably lead to tolerance. The essays collected in this volume include contributions from across South Asia that suggest that democratic politics have added a layer of complexity to questions of peaceful co-existence. Modern transformations in religious thought and practice have had contradictory implications for tolerance, which offer rich insights into contemporary debates in the region. This multi-disciplinary volume, which spans history, sociology, anthropology and political theory, questions the uncritical acceptance of tolerance as the best framework for engaging with difference, and probes the complications created by and through democratic politics

Encountering Islam : the politics of religious identities in Southeast Asia -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction — Encountering Islam -- Part II: Islam across Borders -- 2. Religious Elites and the State in Indonesia and Elsewhere: Why Take-overs are so Difficult and Usually Don't Work -- 3. "I was the Guest of Allah": Modern Hajj Memoirs from Southeast Asia -- 4. The Aurad Muhammadiah Congregation: Modern Transnational Sufism in Southeast Asia -- Part III: Malaysia -- 5. Legal-Bureaucratic Islam in Malaysia: Homogenizing and Ring-fencing the Muslim Subject -- 6. The Letters of the Law and the Reckoning of Justice among Tamils in Malaysia -- 7. Islamization and Ethnicity in Sabah, Malaysia -- Part IV: Indonesia -- 8. Natsir & Sukarno: Their Clash over Nationalism, Religion and Democracy, 1928-1958 -- 9. Religious Freedom in Contemporary Indonesia: The Case of the Ahmadiyah -- 10. Religion and the Politics of Morality: Muslim Women Activists and the Pornography Debate in Indonesia -- Part V: Muslim Minorities -- 11. Malay Muslims and the Thai-Buddhist State: Confrontation, Accommodation and Disengagement -- 12. Identifying with Fiction: The Art and Politics of Short Story Writing by Muslims in the Philippines -- 13. Issues of Islam and the Muslims in Singapore Post-9/11: An Analysis of the Dominant Perspective -- Index.

Course of Action: The CourtsSecular Ceremonies: Bottom-Up Changes; Marriage Abroad; Cohabitation and Common-Law Marriage; The Orthodox Reaction -- Change from within?; Conclusions: Marriage and the Decline of Religious Authority; 4 Burial: A Matter of Lifestyle; Israel -- Rules of the Game; Immigration as a Force for Change; Secular Funerals: Aesthetic Preference and Postmaterialist Values; Secular Burial -- Conservatism, Needs, and Demands; Secular Entrepreneurs; The Political Realm; The Courts; Civil Cemeteries -- The Public Alternative; Planning Funerals: Taking Charge.

Целью данной статьи является анализ влияния Грузинской православной церкви (ГПЦ) на разные аспекты социальной жизни. Дискуссия о сферах влияния рассматривается в рамках концепций демократизации и секуляризации. Высокий и постоянно растущий авторитет Православной церкви является выражением ее влияния почти на все аспекты общественной жизни. В статье делается акцент на роли церкви в политических процессах. Материалы социологического исследования подкрепляются анализом дискурсов представителей гражданского общества и проповедей духовенства. В статье также рассматривается отношение молодежи к процессу секуляризации; измеряются индикаторы, которые, по мнению авторов, наилучшим образом выявляют ценностные ориентации молодежи (соответствующие опросы были проведены в 2014-2015 гг.). ; The aim of this article is to analyze the presence of the Georgian Orthodox Church in the public life, and the limits of such presence. The Church's high influence is in correlation with spreading its growing involvement in almost all areas of social life. The emphasis is made upon the role of the Orthodox Church in the political process, which is studied and interpreted on the basis of the sociological surveys. These data are further supported by the analysis of the opinions of civil society actors and the church sermons by the clergy. In addition, the article discusses the attitudes of young people toward the process of secularization. The article measures specific indicators, which, in our opinion, is the best way to identify value orientations of the Georgian youth. The surveys were carried out in 2014 and 2015.