Suchergebnisse

At the origin of the International Law Department were such eminent scientists, diplomats and teachers as V.N. Durdenevsky, S.B. Krylov and F.I. Kozhevnikov. International law studies in USSR and Russia during the second half of the XX century was largely shaped by the lawyers of MGIMO. They had a large influence on the education in the international law in the whole USSR, and since 1990s in Russia and other CIS countries. The prominence of the research of MGIMO international lawyers was due to the close connections with the international practice, involving international negotiations in the United Nations and other international fora, diplomatic conferences and international scientific conferences. This experience is represented in the MGIMO handbooks on international law, which are still in demand. The Faculty of International Law at MGIMO consists of seven departments: Department of International Law, Department of Private International and Comparative Law; Department of European Law; Department of Comparative Constitutional Law; Department of Administrative and Financial Law; Department of Criminal Law, Department Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics. Many Russian lawyers famous at home and abroad work at the Faculty, contributing to domestic and international law studies. In 1947 the Academy of Sciences of the USSR published "International Law" textbook which was the first textbook on the subject in USSR. S.B. Krylov and V.N. Durdenevsky were the authors and editors of the textbook. First generations of MGIMO students studied international law according to this textbook. All subsequent books on international law, published in the USSR, were based on the approach to the teaching of international law, developed in the textbook by S.B. Krylov and V.N. Durdenevsky. The first textbook of international law with the stamp of MGIMO, edited by F.I. Kozhevnikov, was published in 1964. This textbook later went through five editions in 1966, 1972, 1981, 1987. In 1994 the International Law Department together with the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs prepared new textbook, reflecting the development of international law in the 1960-1990s. In 2000 "International Law" textbook appeared, which was prepared exceptionally by the Department of International Law at MGIMO. In 2005 "European international law" textbook was published. It became the first textbook in Russian Law studies dedicated to the international legal aspects of interstate cooperation in Europe. Quarterly magazine "Moscow Journal of International Law" has made significant contribution to the development of the MGIMO international law school. Y.M. Kolosov, who is the Honored Scientist of Russia and professor of international law, was the founder of the magazine. He has been its editor in chief up to present.

In December 1999, in Helsinki, the European Council requested the Commission 'to prepare a proposal for a long-term strategy dovetailing policies for economically, socially and ecologically sustainable development'. The Commission presented this proposal to the Gothenburg European Council in June 2001,1 resulting in the launch of the European Union's strategy for sustainable development.2 In keeping with the resolution that the annual spring European Council take on board responsibility for reviewing progress in developing and implementing the sustainable development strategy, and for offering further policy guidance to promote sustainable development, the Barcelona Presidency conclusions place emphasis upon the internal and external aspects of sustainable development, including the environmental dimension thereof.3 Looking at these documents,4 it is readily apparent that the political profile of sustainable development has been raised over the last year, with the European Council coming to play an important leadership function. Looking more closely at these, and other core documents, it is clear that the theme of environmental governance is very much to the fore, and that a number of strands emerge as crucial to European Union thinking in this respect. This short survey note will highlight a number of these strands, examining them within the framework of more general developments concerning 'governance' in the EU, and in particular in the light of the Commission's White Paper on governance issued in the summer of 2001.5 Four broad, and often overlapping, dimensions will be discussed in turn: integration, monitoring/evaluation, participation, and instruments for environmental protection.

This book addresses the issue of agency in relation to child marriage. In international campaigns against child marriage, there is a puzzle of agency: While international human rights institutions celebrate girls' exercise of their agency not to marry, they do not recognize their agency to marry. Child marriage, usually defined as any formal marriage or informal union where one or both of the parties are under 18 years of age', is normally considered as forced - which is to say that it is assumed that are not capable of consenting to marriage. This book, however, re-examines this assumption, through a detailed socio-legal examination of child marriage in Indonesia. Eliciting the multiple competing frameworks according to which child marriage takes place, the book considers the complex reasons why children marry. Structural explanations such as lack of opportunities and oppressive social structures are important, but not exhaustive, explanations. Exploring the subjective reasons by listening to children's perspectives, their stories show that many of them decide to marry for love, desire, to belong to the community, and for new opportunities and hopes. The book, then, demonstrates how the child marriage framework - and, indeed, the human rights framework in general - is constructed on too narrow a vision of human agency: One that cannot but fail to respect and promote the agency of all, regardless of gender, race, religion, and age. This book will be of interest to scholars, students, and practitioners in the areas of children's rights, legal anthropology, and socio-legal studies.

One of the most important challenges our global civilization faces in the coming years is to achieve the Paris Agreement's goals of preventing the planet's temperature from exceeding the pre-industrial values of 2°C and limiting it, at most, to 1.5°C. Awareness of this problem has led to the creation of many national and international organizations in recent decades, with many thematic conferences being held and new policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—so far without attaining the necessary success. Among the political measures taken in recent years is the climate emergency declaration issued by many government institutions, highlighting the serious and urgent problem of climate change and the imperative need to find a solution. The COVID-19 pandemic, has led to reductions in CO2 emissions due to the substantial decreases in economic activity incurred by several countries imposing non-pharmaceutical interventions. Thus, the current practice of declaring a climate emergency must be fortified by making it a legal tool in order to reduce CO2 emissions and reach the objectives set by the Paris Agreement. Yet, what should this climate emergency declaration look like? In considering these current COVID-19-induced reductions in CO2 emissions, we hereby propose a political plan for stopping emissions to try to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement and at least some of the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The article also proposes how to define the global climate alarm declaration to serve as an international legal tool for reducing CO2 and transitioning to a world free of these massive emissions. By analyzing the reduction of the emissions in different scenarios based on the COVID-19 pandemic, the article shows that the needed reduction of emissions proposed by the EU in 2030 cannot be reached in any of the scenarios limiting the CO2 emissions. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: Mapping the Field of Latin American and Caribbean Institutions -- 1 The Economic System in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Commitment to the Development of the Region's Nations -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Origin of the SELA and Its Constitutional Treaty -- 1.3 SELA's Structure and Operation -- 1.3.1 The Latin American Council -- 1.3.2 The Action Committee -- 1.3.3 Permanent Secretariat -- 1.4 SELA's Restructuring and Its Priorities -- 1.4.1 Area of Intraregional Relations -- 1.4.2 Area for Economic and Technical Cooperation -- 1.4.3 Area of Extra-Regional Relations -- 1.5 Small- and Medium-Sized Businesses: A Priority for SELA -- 1.6 Final Considerations -- References -- 2 The Latin American Integration Association -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Economic, Political and Institutional Background of ALADI -- 2.3 The Main Goal of ALADI: A Common Market for the Region -- 2.3.1 Specific Objective and Mechanism -- 2.3.1.1 Preferential Agreements with Regional Scope -- 2.3.1.2 Partial Scope Agreements -- 2.3.2 The ALADI Development and Its New Partnerships -- 2.3.2.1 The New Partial Agreements -- 2.3.2.2 New External Relations and Open Agreements -- 2.4 Institutional Structure and Technical Control Power -- 2.5 Final Remarks -- References -- 3 The Union of South American Nations: An Emerging Regional Organization -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Main Traits: Integration Based on Economy and on Infrastructures -- 3.3 History of UNASUR: From the Summit of South American Presidents to the Summit of the South American Community of Nations -- 3.4 Foundations, Principles and Activity -- 3.4.1 The Principles: Peace, Human Rights and Social and Economic Development.