Suchergebnisse

1 11 4 ; S ; [EN] New regulation standards on engine pollutant emissions are widening the engine operating conditions subjected to type approval tests as a way to prevent from the gap between regulated and real-driving emissions. In this regard, ambient temperature and driving altitude are new boundaries to be considered. Although the basis of the impact of these variables has been studied concerning the engine performance, new challenges appear to meet the emission limits and the aftertreatment conversion efficiency. In this work, a gas dynamic modelling tool is approached to explore the maximisation of the engine torque when operating at high altitude in a wide range of ambient temperatures. Particular focus is put on the modelling of the combustion, the turbocharger and the exhaust aftertreatment system. Starting from a sea-level calibration, the proposed methodology accounts for mechanical criteria as well as the impact on the engine raw emissions and exhaust flow properties to define new combustion settings for altitude operation. Next, these boundaries are applied to the exhaust aftertreatment system to analyse the impact on the catalyst conversion efficiency and the particulate filter performance concerning pressure drop and filtration efficiency. This research has been partially supported by FEDER and the Government of Spain through project TRA2016-79185-R. Additionally, the Ph.D. student Bárbara Diesel has been funded by a grant from the Government of Generalitat Valenciana with reference ACIF/2018/109. Serrano, J.; Piqueras, P.; Sanchis-Pacheco, EJ.; Barbara-Diesel, C. (2019). A modelling tool for engine and exhaust aftertreatment performance analysis in altitude operation. Results in Engineering. 4:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2019.100054 Dardiotis, C., Martini, G., Marotta, A., & Manfredi, U. (2013). Low-temperature cold-start gaseous emissions of late technology passenger cars. Applied Energy, 111, 468-478. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.093 Ko, J., Jin, D., Jang, W., Myung, C.-L., ...

International audience The article analyzes the dynamics of availability of housing for Ukrainian citizens in 1990-2017 years. The social and commercial availability of housing is investigated. The refined author's methodology for determining the commercial availability of housing was applied in the article. The actual values of social accessibility of housing in 1990-2017 years, and the commercial affordability of housing in 2011-2017, as well as trends in their dynamics are defined also. It is shown that the coefficient of social availability of housing has promptly fell from 1990 to 2010 years, and in 2011-2017 it has reached a critical low level. This proves that the government of Ukraine was actually discharged from the problem of social availability of housing and it has not developed modern effective tools for solving the housing problem of the poorest layer of citizens, who really need social housing. It is revealed that the mechanism of bank mortgage lending evolves in the direction opposite to the increase of affordability of housing. This indicates the need for radical changes in the state regulation of the mentioned mechanism. It is proposed to introduce new mortgage institutes in Ukraine, particularly, such as savings and credit, and to adapt the best examples of foreign experience for the sphere of state housing policy with the purpose of real increase of the level of availability of housing for Ukrainian citizens.

Mit seinem Rückzug aus der Welt setzt US-Präsident Donald Trump den Kurs seines Vorgängers Barack Obama fort : so argumentiert nicht zuletzt Bundesaußenminister Heiko Maas. Aber was gleich aussieht, ist durchaus nicht gleich – und führt dazu, dass das Nachdenken über eine Amerika-Strategie auf falschen Annahmen beruht. (IP)

International audience Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a 'pharmaceutical world' where access to health equates with access to medicines.

Big data technologies are nowadays providing health care with powerful instruments to gather and analyze large volumes of heterogeneous data collected for different purposes, including clinical care, administration, and research. This makes possible to design IT infrastructures that favor the implementation of the so-called "Learning Healthcare System Cycle," where healthcare practice and research are part of a unique and synergic process. In this paper we highlight how "Big Data enabled" integrated data collections may support clinical decision-making together with biomedical research. Two effective implementations are reported, concerning decision support in Diabetes and in Inherited Arrhythmogenic Diseases.

27 39 272 ; S ; [EN] This paper presents the development of a dynamic emotional model to be employed in agent societies. The proposed model is based on the PAD emotional model and allows the representation of the emotional contagion phenomena of a heterogeneous group of agents that are capable of express emotions. The model is mainly based on three elements: personality, empathy and affinity. These elements allow the characterisation of each individual, causing them susceptible to vary in some degree the emotions of other individuals. Additionally, the model allows defining of the social emotion of this group of agents. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This work is partially supported by the MINECO/FEDER TIN2015-65515-C4-1-R and the FPI grant AP2013-01276 awarded to Jaime-Andres Rincon. This work is supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the projects UID/CEC/00319/2013 and Post-Doc scholarship SFRH/BPD/102696/2014 (A. Costa). ; Rincon, J.; Costa, A.; Villarrubia, G.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Carrascosa Casamayor, C. (2018). Introducing dynamism in emotional agent societies. Neurocomputing. 272:27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.03.091

International audience Despite the recent drastic reversal of decarbonization effort by the current Presidential administration, the majority of U.S. states continue policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing renewable energy technology (RET) deployment. Although electrical power utilities are required and/or encouraged to comply with these policies, their executives lack direct incentives to do so. In this study, a novel incentive mechanism is evaluated for specifically aligning electric utility executive compensation with RET declining costs, renewable portfolio standards adopted by the majority of U.S. states, and global environmental goals. First, an overview is provided on chief executive officer (CEO) pay and the GHG emissions. The relationship between GHG emissions, renewable energy diversification, and CEO pay is examined using the case study of three of the large electric utilities in Michigan. The results show that the regulated utility market is not consistently rewarding CEOs with higher compensation for decreasing GHG emissions and that both an approach incentivizing RETs adoption and an approach encouraging GHG emissions have deficiencies. A combined approach is then analyzed that results in a compensation equation allowing for utility executives to receive incentive pay for reducing overall emissions and increasing renewable generation. The results indicate that by careful calibration of the proposed incentive equations the harmful effects of emissions can be prevented through CEO incentive pay.

American economic nationalism was not born in 2018. While the United States is often rightly presented as the sanctuary of capitalism, its government has been a strong advocate of free trade only in rhetoric and not in practice. Today, Donald Trump is at least partially breaking with this untold and is committed to a policy of protecting national firms, in particular by developing protectionist weapons, renegotiating international agreements and calling for preference to be given to national production. As a supporter of benign neglect and beggar thy neighbour (America first), he clearly unveils a nationalist economic policy that calls into question the very idea of an economic science capable of defining and driving optimal solutions for the economic development of all nations. ; International audience American economic nationalism was not born in 2018. Although the United States is often rightly presented as the sanctuary of capitalism, its government has been a staunch supporter of free trade only in rhetoric and not in practice. Today, Donald Trump at least partially breaks with this unspoken and engages in a policy of protection of national firms, including developing protectionist weapons, renegotiating international agreements and calling for a focus on domestic productions. A proponent of "benign neglect" and "beggar thy neighbour" (America first), he clearly unveils a nationalist economic policy, which calls into question the very idea of an economic science capable of defining and leading the optimal solutions for the economic development of all nations. ; American economic nationalism was not born in 2018. While the United States is often rightly presented as the sanctuary of capitalism, its government has been a strong advocate of free trade only in rhetoric and not in practice. Today, Donald Trump is at least partially breaking with this untold and is committed to a policy of protecting national firms, in particular by developing protectionist weapons, renegotiating international agreements and ...

The algorithms are formidable governance tools for administrations and now seem inevitable. We would like to show here, through the example of Parcoursup, that they could also become powerful democratic tools. Last January, the government decided to respond to the strong challenge to the PDB algorithm through the hasty implementation of Parcoursup. The discontent with PDB had finally crystallised around the lack of transparency. Unsurprisingly, Parcoursup suffers from the same criticism, multiplied by the fact that each institution now controls part of the process. In a gallery published in the World in December 2016, the academic group Algocit to which we belong took a position in favour of the transparency of PDB and in particular the transparency of its specifications. Our position with regard to Parcoursup remains of course unchanged and we want to clarify this position and the consequences to be drawn for the construction of these algorithms. The replacement of Parcoursup for PDB will make it impossible to avoid a reflection on the procedures for constructing the algorithms used by the administrations. And in the era of the digital republic, this reflection must take the form of a public debate. There are many questions. By whom should the algorithms used by the administrations be developed? How should they be developed? Can the principles governing their construction be defined? How they work? In particular, should they be made transparent? What form could this transparency take? The intention here is not to answer all these questions but to shed light on the background to the debate. It seems to us necessary to show that the answers that will be proposed will depend on the concept of democracy. ; International audience ; The algorithms are formidable governance tools for administrations and now seem inevitable. We would like to show here, through the example of Parcoursup, that they could also become powerful democratic tools. Last January, the government decided to respond to the strong challenge to the ...