Suchergebnisse

Die Verfasserin macht anhand unterschiedlicher Entwicklungen in Polen und Rußland Konsequenzen des Demokratisierungsprozesses für das Verhältnis von Militär und ziviler Macht deutlich. Sie zeigt, daß das Verhalten des Militärs im gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozeß nicht von internen Faktoren, sondern von der Gestaltung des Übergangsprozesses zur Demokratie abhängt. Die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungspfade des Verhältnisses von Militär und ziviler Macht in Polen und Rußland können auf jeweils unterschiedliche strategische Entscheidungen in Bezug auf politische Aktivitäten von Militärangehörigen und auf die Kontrolle des Militärs zurückgeführt werden. In Polen wurde die Unterordnung des Militärs unter zivile Eliten dadurch sichergestellt, daß Anreize für ein politisches Engagement von Militärs vermieden wurden. In Rußland, wo zudem demokratische Mechanismen einer Kontrolle des Militärs fehlen, wurde der umgekehrte Weg beschritten. Hier kann in der Zukunft eine Gefahr für die russische Demokratie liegen. (BIOst-Wpt)

This book contains the papers on Soviet foreign policy, concentrating on the constants that form the bedrock of Soviet policy and the Soviet variant of a policy of detente. It deals with the cultural-historical background that lies behind the political outlooks of the United States and Russia.

This book offers an overview of the legal, political, and broad intergovernmental environment in which relations between local and state units of government take place, the historical roots of the conflict among them, and an analysis of contemporary problems concerning local authority, local revenues, state interventions and takeovers, and the restructuring of local governments. The author pays special attention to local governmental autonomy and the goals and activities of local officials as they seek to secure resources, fend off regulations and interventions, and fight for survival as independent units. Now, in a thoroughly revised second edition, this book examines marijuana use, minimum wages, the establishment of sanctuary cities, and the regulation of ride-sharing companies. Looking at the intergovernmental struggle from the bottom up, and in the process examining a variety of political activities and policies at the state level, Berman finds considerable reason to be concerned about the viability and future of meaningful local government. This book improves our understanding of the relationship between state and local governments. It provides a thoughtful look at the past, present, and possibly the future of local home rule.

Kazakhstan has provided the economic exemplar for other Commonwealth of Independent State (CIS) countries since its independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It has been classified by the World Bank as an 'upper middle income' country and witnessed sustained growth in spite of the global recession. Political reforms however have been slower to realise and the Presidential Republic still remains a highly centralised and autocratic regime. Some 23 years beyond independence this paper assesses whether the role played by the NGO sector has changed and, as a consequence, the asymmetric state-society fulcrum has shifted in favour of a stronger societal voice in Kazakhstan. It finds mixed evidence of partnership between NGOs and Government and ongoing problems in exercising public voice and moderating the power of the state

This article discusses several features of interprovincial relations (IPR), paying a particular attention to IPR in federations. A number of recent trends and challenges are identified, and implications are drawn for the analysis of IPR. This article delves into how IPR has dominated political power relations, institutionalization status can broader certainty and protection for sub-national governments in dealing with federal government. IPR is more concentrated to the horizontal relations among the provinces.

Burma and Japan had long held the strongest ties among Asian countries. Such "historically friendly relationship" were based also on the sentiments and experiences of the leaders of both countries. Young Burmese patriots were trained by the Japanese army officers leading to the birth of the Burma Independence Army. Huge official development assistance provided by the Japanese government also cemented this "special relations". However the military coup (1988) and Japanese ODA Charter (1992) drastically changed this favorable ties. Japan's government and business have shown a keen interest in Myanmar since the establishment of a formally civilian government (2011) and beginning the rapid political reforms.

"January 28, 1998." ; Shipping list no.: 98-0142-P. ; Distributed to depository libraries. in microfiche. ; "Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations." ; At head of title: 105th Congress, 2d session. Senate. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction: sustainable critique and the lost vocation of international relations -- "For we born after:" the challenge of sustainable critique -- Sustainable critique and critical IR theory: against emancipation -- The realist dilemma: politics and the limits of theory -- Communitarian IR theory -- Individualist IR theory: disharmonious cooperation -- Conclusion: toward sustainably critical international theory.

Before attempting to deal with the problems of provincial-municipal relations one might well ponder the following comments of some who have previously delved into the problems of the relationship between governments: "A student should enter the field of intergovernmental fiscal relations with modesty and even humility…. It is a field in which students and committees, one after another, have spoken their piece, registered complaints, made recommendations and achieved no action. It is a field mined with explosives; beneath a placid surface lie some very deep emotions ready to burst into flame at the slightest provocation. If discretion were the determining factor, the student might well choose some other field to conquer." The problems of provincial-municipal relations are of such urgency and importance, however, that the risks of indiscretion must be incurred. The urgency, from the municipal view point, arises from the increasing pressure on the limited municipal finances; its importance lies in the necessity of preserving the reality of local self-government in a democracy. On the surface the problem appears to be a financial one but the political aspects may be of even greater significance in the long run.