Suchergebnisse

Collaborations between individuals in firms have important implications for the development of relational and human capital. In knowledge-intensive contexts where collaborations are formed to deliver services to clients, collaboration decisions can involve nontrivial tradeoffs between short-term and long-term benefits: individuals and firms must carefully manage the tradeoffs between leveraging existing relational and human capital for the reliable performance of repeat collaboration and creating new relational and human capital through new collaboration. Building from the premise that servicing clients is central to collaboration decisions in human asset–intensive firms, we examine how client-related factors shape collaboration decisions among lawyers (partners) in UK law firms providing M&A legal advisory services. We focus on three key client-related dimensions that we predict govern collaboration decisions: the depth of individual- and firm-level relationships with the focal client, key client attributes that reflect the client's status and its use of different firms to undertake its outsourced work, and client-driven individual- and firm-level resource constraint. Our empirical findings support our proposition that client-related factors influence the pattern of collaborations between individuals in firms. We also reveal how client-related factors at the individual level can have opposite effects on collaboration decisions from those at the firm level. Overall, our findings contribute to research on relational capital, strategic human capital, team formation, professional service firms, and the microfoundations of strategy.

Purpose: In the rational model of the democratic governing chain, intervening spaces at all levels are neglected in relation to the policy process. An intervening space is a group of persons with the power and responsibility to interpret policy at their level in an organization. The research question is as follows: How are democratic policy ideas visible in the intervening spaces of a governing chain in public schools. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on two municipalities representing the 25 most populated cities in Sweden. The data are based on interviews with 66 informants with leadership roles on the district level and two schools in each municipality. Findings: Leadership is obviously more than making decisions. It is also about facilitating and creating trust, engagement, motivation and willingness to take responsibility. In this process, intervening spaces are central. They exist at all levels from the national ministry to the classroom. The empirical examples show the importance and challenges in how different leadership roles, relationships and interaction transform policy intentions to practice on the local level. Originality/value: The authors contribute by highlighting the parallel interpretation processes that take place at various leadership levels locally. There are possibilities and challenges in aligning the intervening spaces into a rational governing chain. The findings indicate that intervening spaces and policy drift is vital to support, control and use professional competence in the process to transfer political ideas to classroom practice.

Government policy has placed increasing emphasis on the need for robust labour market projections. The job vacancy rate is a key indicator of the state of the economy underpinning most monetary policy decisions. However, its variation over time is rarely studied in relation to employment variations, especially at the sectoral level. The present paper assesses whether changes in the number of vacancies from quarter to quarter are a leading anticipator of employment variation in certain economic sectors over the previous decade in Italy, using multivariate time-series tools (the vector autoregressive and error correction models) with Eurostat data. As robustness checks for integration order and cointegration, we compare traditional critical values with those provided by response surface models. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated this relationship using Italian data over the last decade. The results demonstrate that percentage changes in numbers employed (occupied persons) react to percentage changes in vacancies (one-quarter lagged), but not vice versa, indicating that variations of vacancies are weakly exogenous. The fastest short-term adjustment from disequilibrium is seen in the construction industry, whereas the manufacturing and the information and communication technology sectors demonstrate the strongest long-run relationships among variations. This suggests that the matching rates - the likelihood that a vacancy is filled - are higher for these than for other sectors, as a result of developments in recruitment technology for professional figures of such industries.

This study aimed to: (1) examine differences in physical performance across birth-quartiles and maturity-status, and (2) determine the relationships among relative age, maturation and physical performance in young male soccer players. The sample included 199 males aged between 8.1 and 18.9 years, from two professional soccer academies in the English Football League. Data were collected for height, weight, self-reported biological parent heights, 30 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Relative age was conveyed as a decimal, while maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height (PAH). There were no significant differences in any measure between birth quartiles, however early maturers outperformed on-time and later maturers in most performance measures. Pearson-product-moment correlations revealed that maturation was inversely associated with 30 m sprint time in U12 to U16 (r = −0.370–0.738; p < 0.05), but only positively associated with CMJ performance in U12 (r = 0.497; p < 0.05). In contrast, relative age was unrelated to sprint performance and only significantly associated with superior CMJ performance in U16. This study indicates that maturity has a greater association with sprint performance than relative age in English male academy soccer players. Practitioners should monitor and assess biological maturation in young soccer players to attempt to control for the influence on physical performance, and avoid biasing selection on absolute performance rather than identifying the most talented player.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the quality of the relationship between a supervisor and their subordinate, conceptualised as leader member exchange (LMX), and the mediating influence of subordinate's job embeddedness on job satisfaction. The LMX model considered the four-gender dominant leadership style facets, female – affect and loyalty (communal), and male – contribution and professional respect (agentic). Social role theory was applied to explain societies influence on leadership style. The moderating influence of supervisor gender on the relationship of LMX facets and subordinate embeddedness is investigated.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional survey study of 213 self-selected employed participants investigated the mediation of job embeddedness LMX and job embeddedness and the moderation impact of supervisor gender on this mediation.FindingsJob embeddedness mediated the relationship between all four facets of LMX and job satisfaction. Supervisor gender did not moderate the relationships of the four LMX facets and job embeddedness. These findings highlight the potential impact of a homogeniuos sample in relation to industry type and culture as this may impact on the findings. That is, participants in this study were predominantly females working in female dominant industries.Originality/valueThis study builds on the work of Collinset al.(2014) who examined the moderating impact of subordinate gender on the mediating relationship of job embeddedness on the relationship between LMX facets and job satisfaction. Previously, the gender role of supervisors on this relationship was not explored.

Abstract
Historians have described how powerful eugenic ideologies fueled the rapid expansion of custodial institutionalization of the so-called feebleminded in the early twentieth century. Using new sources from the recently opened archive of the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-Minded Children at Elwyn, this article argues that in practice, this transition to custodialism was difficult, uneven, and subject to constant compromise. Institutional residents and their families contested expert prognoses and disciplinary methods and maintained relationships across institutional boundaries. Their vernacular ideas about mental impairment, curability, and the purpose of institutional segregation produced a gap between eugenic discourse and institutional life. The challenges that residents and their families levied were neither absolute nor consistent: their force and success depended on their class status, community contexts, and most significantly, the perceived severity of a resident's impairment. Residents with greater care needs were frequently relegated to the background, not only in psycho-medical professionals' treatises and administration but in the expectations that families brought to bear on the institution. Decades before institutionalized people and their families formed political advocacy groups that struggled for deinstitutionalization and civil rights, they fought individual battles that pitted their intimate knowledge against expertise. Although their victories were small and statistically rare, they tested the bounds of psycho-medical authority and established the ideological and practical limits of eugenic mass institutionalization.

A growing literature suggests our homes have a particularly powerful symbolic and psychological significance (Graham et al., 2015). In the UK, the certainty of safe, secure, and affordable housing for the most vulnerable in our society is under threat (Schrecker and Bambra, 2015). Historically, social housing was considered the solution to the housing crisis; however, its public perception as a desirable housing tenure has changed substantially (Thompson et al., 2017). This research aimed to explore the social processes, which underpin and determine the bonds people have with their social housing, communities, identities, and relationships with society. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve people living in social housing in London. Data was analysed using Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology and a theoretical model was co-constructed. Participants described their homes as representing bonds to places, people, and histories, which provided them a sense of security, safety, and belonging. These bonds were perceived as pivotal for their psychological wellbeing and informed how they view themselves. Participants experienced social and political discourses about social housing and its inhabitants as acts of discrimination and maltreatment. They described their housing being viewed as a commodity resulting in the neglect, fracturing, and erosion of their homes, local areas, families, and communities. As a result, many discussed ways of resisting its dismantlement. The research highlights important implications for Psychologists, other healthcare professionals, social housing communities, the housing system, and the government.

The paper analyses architects as a professional group in General Government (GG) during the Second World War. It showcases some of their design work, projects, employment, education, and other aspects of everyday life in an occupied country. The focus is on architects working in three cities: the former Polish capital of Warsaw, the GG's new capital city of Cracow, and Zakopane, localized in the Tatra Mountains, which was intended to become a modern resort and sport center. The paper also mentions cases from Zamość and Radom. Most of the projects were realized by Polish architects employed by the German authorities. In Zakopane, Polish architects had a stronger position and more freedom in their work than in the other cities of GG. The article investigates the relationships between architecture and politics as well as the ideological impact of the architects' work. Using unpublished archival sources, it evaluates the post-war requitals of the German architect Hubert Groß and a Polish colleague Stefan Żychoń. Neither of the two had to face a court after the war due to his activity as an architect during the occupation. Groß was accused of having been a member in different Nazi organizations, and Stefan Żychoń was suspended from the Association of Polish Architects for one year. For political reasons, both German and Polish architects seldom included war-related activities in their official curricula after 1945. In Poland they remain a taboo until today.

A behavior such as enabling two factor authentication has a positive impact on a users' information security. It is assumed that given the benefits, users will want to perform this cybersecurity related behavior. However, some users choose not to perform the beneficial security behavior. Varied explanations have been provided as to why users choose to perform or not perform cybersecurity behaviors. The factors that influence users in the decision making of whether to perform or not perform a cybersecurity related behavior are referred to as constructs. This study seeks to combine the results of selected studied, with the aim of identifying prominent user cybersecurity behavior constructs, as well as the relationships between the constructs. The contributions made by the study is the consolidated visualization of behavior constructs that have an influence on user cybersecurity behavior. Furthermore, the study also provides practical applications of the cybersecurity behavior constructs. To achieve the goals of the study, a literature review is used as the study methodology. Data from previous studies is systematically collected, and analyzed. The study makes use of the Theoretical Domains Theory as a tool, which aids in consolidating the different behavior constructs found in cybersecurity literature. The constructs Beliefs about Capabilities, Beliefs about Consequences, Reinforcements, Social Influences, Intentions, Emotions, Social/Professional Role and Identity, Knowledge and Skills are found to have influence on cybersecurity behavior.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to seek clarity on the factors that increase acceptance of a leadership identity and influence a physician leader to participate in the leader role at a higher level.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the direct and mediating effects of positive psychological climate (PPC) and role endorsement (RE) on physician professional participation (PP) in leadership, a survey was disseminated to members of the American Association of Physician Leadership.FindingsFindings show that positive relationships support the individual in acceptance of a second identity as a leader, therefore, to a higher level of PP. The double mediation with PPC and RE found in this model warrants additional meaning toward the cultivation of positive relationships.Research limitations/implicationsA broader understanding of physician leadership may benefit from a more comprehensive collection procedure other than self-reported data, including one in which data is collected in a 360-degree feedback format.Practical implicationsRole endorsement serves as a mediating mechanism to PP (citizenship behaviors) for both PPC and social intelligence competencies. These data indicate that the presence of role endorsement for physicians changes their degree of participation and impacts their own role identity. This immediately helps to direct development efforts for physicians during their transition from physician to physician leader.Originality/valueThis study confirms the mediating relationship of REupon the PP of physician leaders, with both implications for practice and a broader understanding of the nature of physician leadership.

Exposure to violence, vulnerability due to lack of shelter, alienation due to stigma, the experiences of severe mental illness (SMI) and subsequent institutionalization, make homeless persons with SMI uniquely susceptible to trauma exposure and subsequent mental health consequences. This study aims to contribute to the development of culturally sensitive interventions for identifying and treating trauma in a population of homeless persons with SMI in Tamil Nadu, India by understanding the manifestations of trauma and its associated consequences in this population. Free-listing exercises followed by in-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 26 user-survivors who have experienced homelessness or were at risk of homelessness, and suffered from SMI. Topics explored included events considered to be traumatic, pathways to trauma, associated emotional, physical and social complaints, and coping strategies. Results indicate discrepancies in classification of traumatic events between user-survivors and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Traumatic experiences, particularly relating to social relationships and poverty, mentioned by user-survivors did not match traditional conceptualizations of trauma. Positive coping strategies for trauma included being mentally strong, knowledge and awareness, whereas the main negative coping strategy is avoidance. User-survivors attributed their experiences of homelessness and SMI to past traumas. Differing views of trauma between user-survivors and mental health professionals can lead to misdiagnosis and under-recognition of trauma in this population of homeless persons with SMI.

Many issues in marital relationships often lead to anxiety problems amongst couples, particularly, sexual violence which includes harassment, sexual exploitation, and assault, etc., are behaviors that call for the attention of mental health professionals. The growing cases of marital unhappiness have drawn the researcher's attention globally and the existing gaps form the rationale for this study. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted while the stratified random and non-probability sampling techniques were used to sample the population and participants for the study. A total of 251 participants took part in the study, while males were 126(50.2%), females were 125(49.8%) with ages ranging from 20years and above. Two instruments were used to collect data; Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) developed by Beck et al. (1988) and Sexual Violence and Physical Abuse (SVPA) Scale developed by Lesserman et al. (1995). Three hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression Analysis. The result of hypothesis one revealed a significant influence of gender, age and occupation on perceived anxiety, hypothesis two showed a significant influence of sexual violence on perceived anxiety, while hypothesis three revealed a significant joint influence of gender, age, occupation and sexual violence on perceived anxiety. In conclusion, the three hypotheses were accepted as significantly influencing perceived anxiety amongst married couples in Makurdi Metropolis. Two key recommendations include marital counseling and administering psychological interventions to curb negative behavior.

Claims that neoliberalism has been shaping planning practice and the production of space abound in planning literature. In this article, neoliberalism is treated not only as a set of policies but also as an ideology that organizes a particular way of seeing and orients action accordingly. The article explores how a particular socially shared belief system (ideology) that is taken as common sense (naturalized) provides the basis for particular ways of talking (discourses) about planning and urban development that legitimize and justify certain actions while making alternative possibilities unthinkable. In this sense, the article focuses on ideology in action and provides an empirically grounded discussion that renders ideology visible. Thus, ideology emerges from the empirical case as an explanatory mechanism to make sense of the dominant discourse that legitimizes the proliferation of suburban gated communities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, in Brazil. The deconstruction of the discourse reveals content and structural properties that combine environmental concerns and neoliberal principles to turn potentially controversial practices into desirable outcomes. The ideological nature of the discourse is revealed when alternative ways of seeing and acting challenge its commonsensical and taken for granted claims. While simplifying complex relationships and rendering important elements invisible, the discourse appeals to a wide range of actors who hold different individual and professional values. Ultimately, this article offers insights into the mechanisms through which ideologies are manifested, reproduced, and materialized in planning practice.

The content of this article is focused on finding ways to resolve the existing conflict of public hopes that are entrusted to the audit and the poor quality of its conduct. The study of ««problem zones» of the audit market is based on long-term monitoring of qualitative and quantitative processes in the audit, which allowed the authors to identify and approach critical thinking about the cause-effect relationships of existing crisis phenomena and systematic errors in the regulation of audit activities in the Russian Federation. The scope of the study includes the problems of standardizing audit work in the international community and the extent to which auditing standards are implemented in Russia, as well as the identification and analysis of numerous violations of existing legislation and ethical standards committed by the professional audit community. ; Содержание этой статьи сфокусировано на поиске путей разрешения существующего конфликта общественных надежд, возлагаемых на профессиональную аудиторскую проверку, и низкого качества ее проведения. В основу исследования «проблемных зон» аудиторского рынка положен многолетний мониторинг качественных и количественных процессов в аудите, что позволило авторам определить и подойти к критическому осмыслению причинно-следственных связей существующих кризисных явлений и систематических ошибок в регулировании аудиторской деятельности в Российской Федерации. К сфере проведенного исследования отнесены проблемы стандартизации аудиторской деятельности в международном сообществе, степень исполнения аудиторских стандартов в России, а также выявление и аналитика многочисленных нарушений действующего законодательства и этических норм, совершаемых профессиональным аудиторским сообществом.

The hope and hype about African digital entrepreneurship, contrasted with the reality on the ground in local ecosystems. In recent years, Africa has seen a digital entrepreneurship boom, with hundreds of millions of dollars poured into tech cities, entrepreneurship trainings, coworking spaces, innovation prizes, and investment funds. Politicians and technologists have offered Silicon Valley–influenced narratives of boundless opportunity and exponential growth, in which internet-enabled entrepreneurship allows Africa to "leapfrog" developmental stages to take a leading role in the digital revolution. This book contrasts these aspirations with empirical research about what is actually happening on the ground. The authors find that although the digital revolution has empowered local entrepreneurs, it does not untether local economies from the continent's structural legacies. Drawing on a five-year research project, the authors show how entrepreneurs creatively and productively adapt digital technologies to local markets rather than dreaming of global dominance, achieving sustainable businesses by scaling based on relationships and customizing digital platform business models for African infrastructure challenges. The authors examine African entrepreneurial ecosystems; show that African digital entrepreneurs have begun to form a new professional class, becoming part of a relatively exclusive cultural and economic elite; and discuss the impact of Silicon Valley's mythologies and expectations. Finally, they consider the implications of their findings and offer recommendations to policymakers and others.