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The purpose of this review is to take stock of how party polarization affects governance in the United States. The article begins by defining polarization and discussing the means by which it can be measured. It is undeniable that the two parties have grown more sharply differentiated. Some evidence suggests that the substantive policy preferences of liberals and conservatives diverge more widely, but the case for ideological polarization in the spatial sense is not definitive. Effects on the institutional processes of US government have entailed a hardening of party divisions and a tendency toward centralization of power. Nevertheless, these more cohesive parties are not more effective than their predecessors at enacting policies or managing routine governing responsibilities. The consequences for public policy seem best characterized as 'drift' (Hacker 2004, p. 246). There is little evidence that party polarization has promoted ideologically extreme policy outcomes or has systematically advantaged either liberalism or conservatism. Adapted from the source document.

[ita] Questa tesi si propone di dibattere il significato e l'applicazione della governance alla luce dei processi di globalizzazione che, soprattutto negli ultimi decenni, hanno cambiato il volto del pianeta. Per poter analizzare questo nuova paradigma, si prendono in esame alcuni fenomeni che caratterizzano, a nostro avviso, la società attuale: prima di tutto quello dell'anarchia nelle relazioni internazionali, e il successivo disordine che continua a generare; il processo della globalizzazione con le sue conseguenze non solo sulle economie ma anche nella società e sugli individui; la "crisi dello Stato" e i nuovi attori che emergono sia "dall'alto che "dal basso" ; infine il funzionamento delle istituzioni internazionale, in primis le Nazioni Unite, a livello globale. Lo scopo è di capire, soprattutto dopo la fase di disorientamento che si è creata dopo la caduta del muro di Berlino nel 1989, se al giorno d'oggi esiste un modello che può porsi come forma nuova di fare politica al fine di generare un "ordine nel disordine", soprattutto alla luce della crisi del sistema democratico tradizionale. Senza dubbio, è innegabile che il mondo e i problemi globali che lo caratterizzano hanno bisogno di un diverso modello che richiede una partecipazione maggiore e promuova nuove forme di intervento nei confronti di queste problematiche globali. Può la governance, tenute presenti tutte le riserve e le ambiguità che suscita la parola e le sue applicazioni, rappresentare questo modello? In che modo può esser migliorato tanto il suo meccanismo come quello di chi (a livello istituzionale) deve farsene portavoce? A queste domande si cerca di dare delle risposte al fine di tenere vivo il dibattito su questioni di importanza e intersse globale: temi che hanno bisogno di un intervento oggi più che mai urgente. ; [eng] This thesis aims to discuss the meaning and application of governance in the light of globalization processes that have changed the face of the planet, especially in recent decades. In order to analyse this new paradigm, we examine some of the phenomena that characterize, in our view, society today: first of all the anarchy in international relations, and the subsequent disorder that continues to generate; the process of globalization and its consequences not only on economies but also on society and individuals; the "crisis of the State" and new actors that emerge "from above" and "from below "; finally how international institutions, and above all United Nations, works at the global level.

Tom Pegram and Michele Acuto, Introduction: Global Governance in the Interregnum 584. - Matthias Hofferberth, Mapping the Meanings of Global Governance: A Conceptual Reconstruction of a Floating Signifier 598. - Tom Pegram, Governing Relationships: The New Architecture in Global Human Rights Governance 618. - Madeline Carr, Power Plays in Global Internet Governance 640. - Maximilian Mayer and Michele Acuto, The Global Governance of Large Technical Systems 660. - Philipp Pattberg and Oscar Widerberg, Theorising Global Environmental Governance: Key Findings and Future Questions 684

Global governance is in flux. Scholarship on the practice of global governance has reimagined it as a realm of disputes and confrontation, rather than one of interest-alignment within multilateral interstate forums. A profound sense of governance deficit is provoking critical reflection both within the corridors of power and among practitioners and scholars. A call within academic circles for renewed reflection on global governance as a practice-oriented scholarship has elicited varied responses from the international relation (IR) fraternity. In taking stock of the state of the art of 'global governance theory', a number of scholars have advocated for its revival to be grounded in the kind of critical reflection often absent from mainstream IR discussion. Others contest any meaningful demarcation between IR and global governance scholarship. This forum responds to a number of converging developments. Situating contributions broadly within the notion of an interregnum, it is a first cut towards a more innovative global governance research and practice-oriented agenda. We focus, in particular, on reframing the problematique of global governance from one dominated by multilateral interstate geopolitics, towards a critical reappraisal of both structure and political economy in light of the evident complexity of global governance systems.

Governance assesment in Banten Province has been done to asses what was state, market and civil society as multi stakeholders in governing Banten Province. Governance assesment indicate ten variables, for example government effectiveness, political stability, participation, innovation and trust. Output for this assessment show that Governance Quality Index be in the last five order from 20 province, regency and city in Inodnesia. This condition be exactly the opposite of Human Development Index andP ublic Satisfaction Index that be in fourth position with score for each 66,6 and 25,1. This research shown that there is no linear correlation between Human Development Index and Public Satisfaction Index with Governance Quality Index. One factor of causes is state preference as a public service provider give score more over estimate than other actor of governance, private sector and civil society. Recommendation for the result of this research are increasing public participation in policy process, developing networking organization, public accountability enforcement and also giving incentive for government employee.Kata kunci: good governance, governance assesment, government quality index

Das Werk enthält eine juristisch-ökonomische Analyse der Leistungsfähigkeit externer Corporate Governance unter besonderem Eindruck der Finanzmarktkrise.In dem deutschen Recht der börsennotierten Aktiengesellschaft haben in der jüngeren Vergangenheit informations- und kapitalmarktgeleitete Steuerungs- und Kontrollmechanismen (externe Corporate Governance) stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese bauen wesentlich auf der Hypothese preiseffizienter Kapitalmärkte auf, deren Gültigkeit seit der Finanzmarktkrise besonders kontrovers diskutiert wird. Unter diesem Aspekt hat eine wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung der Krisenereignisse bislang jedoch nicht stattgefunden.Die Arbeit schließt diese Lücke. Sie geht insbesondere den Fragen nach, welche Erkenntnisse sich aus der Finanzmarktkrise über die Kapitalmarkteffizienz gewinnen lassen und welche Bedeutung sie für das Regulierungskonzept der externen Unternehmens(leiter)kontrolle haben.

The contemporary global health governance system has evolved over 150 years to facilitate cooperation among states in dealing with cross-border health concerns. This article uses the current outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to examine global health governance's history, evolution, and status within the political science literature. In particular, the article focuses on the International Health Regulations and the World Health Organization as leading elements of the global health governance system in order to examine both how the system operates and what its shortcomings are.