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Economic activity continued to firm up in 2015, driven by domestic demand. After coming in at 6 percent in 2014, GDP growth accelerated to 6.28 percent during the first half of 2015, the fastest first-half-of-the-year growth rate in the past five years. The recovery was driven by strong activity in manufacturing and construction, which together contributed nearly half of overall GDP growth. Retail sales also performed strongly, posting 8.3 percent (in real terms) in the first six months of 2015, up from 6.3 percent in 2014. However, despite the pickup in retail activity, overall services (which account for nearly 40 percent of GDP) rose modestly at 5.9 percent in the first half of 2015. In part, this reflected a struggling tourism sector, with tourist visits in the first six months down by 11 percent year-on-year. On the demand side, stronger growth was driven by investment (spurred by strong FDI inflows) and stronger private consumption boosted by low inflation. The contribution of net exports turned negative as sluggish external demand weighed on export growth while strengthened domestic activity continued to fuel import growth.

COVID-19 is transforming cities globally. Across the world, cities have been hotspots for COVID-19 outbreaks, but they have also been at the forefront of efforts to adapt and innovate to protect citizens from COVID-19 and the damage it is causing. So far, cities across Myanmar have rightly focused on managing their short-term response to the COVID- 19 pandemic. DAOs and CDCs have been stretching their resources to implement lockdown measures, support businesses and meet residents' basic needs. However, as it is becoming clear that COVID-19's effects will not disappear quickly, it is important that DAOs/CDCs also consider how they can keep functioning sustainably in the longer-term. This report looks specifically at the sources of municipal revenue which cities need to keep running. It considers how revenues could be affected by COVID-19 and what DAOs and CDCs can do about these effects. DAOs and CDCs receive minimal financial support from Myanmar subnational and union governments and so must levy a mixture of taxes and fees on local economic activity to fund their activities. The arrival of COVID-19 has caused a slowdown in local economic activity and made it practically challenging for DAO/CDC officials to collect some revenues safely. The result is that municipalities face a difficult challenge – just as municipal revenues are urgently needed to fund a swift response to COVID-19 and sustain urban services, municipalities face the prospect of a dramatic decline in revenues. This report considers how DAOs and CDCs can respond sustainably to this new challenge. Although COVID-19 in Myanmar could remain relatively well contained with lesser health implications than in neighbouring countries, there is still a huge amount of scientific, economic and political uncertainty facing cities. The economic shock from COVID-19 is likely to be global and the risk of a second outbreak of infections is a very real threat.1 In a best-case scenario where the effects of virus are contained, we hope this report provides a useful overview of municipal revenues. In a worst-case scenario, where COVID-19 wreaks extreme public health and economic damage across Myanmar's cities, we hope that this analysis can provide a useful tool for quickly adjusting local revenue policy. Section 2 of this note looks at the current sources of municipal revenue in Taunggyi, Pathein and Mandalay to identify which sources of revenue are most important for municipalities. Section 3 considers the characteristics of each source of revenue in detail and how they are likely to be impacted by COVID-19. Section 4 considers the policy options available to DAOs, and Section 5 presents a scenario analysis exploring the possible impact of different policy options. Finally, Section 6 concludes.

Coffee is an ecologically and economically significant crop for Haiti. It is not only the main source of income for more than 100,000 farmers, but the coffee ecosystem also sustains a large part of the remaining tree cover (currently at less than 1.5 percent of land) of the country. This report does not aim to detail the structural constraints impacting upon the Haitian coffee sub-sector. Instead, it describes the risks affecting the existing supply chain in terms of their potential impact and prioritizes the risks and areas requiring attention for risk management, investment, and capacity building. The Haitian coffee industry is constrained by significant systemic problems which have contributed to its decline over the years. Some of these major constraints include: (1) the structure of the coffee creole garden which contributes to low on-farm coffee productivity; (2) a land tenure system which inhibits long term investment; (3) poor transportation and logistics infrastructure; (4) limited access to credit and high interest rates; (5) aging coffee trees and farmers; (6) waning government interest and support for the coffee sub-sector; (7) lack of industry level coordination; and (8) a lack of international and domestic promotion of the Haitian coffee industry.

A major survey of 11 European countries, the United States, Russia, and eight emerging regional powers has found that majorities or pluralities in most countries prefer to work with the United States over China on a broad range of issues. But China remains particularly attractive as a trade and economic partner, especially among publics in non-European middle powers.The poll, which was conducted in September and early October, found that geopolitical alliances have become "more fractured and complex" in that national publics generally reject previous "bipolar framings" of the world order."The poll shows that Europe and America are perceived, globally, as more attractive and having more admirable values than both China and Russia, but that this perception does not necessarily translate into political alignment," according to an analysis that accompanied the results."The findings suggest that we have entered an 'a la carte' world, where states mix and match their partners on different issues, rather than committing to a simple allegiance to one side or the other," according to the report, entitled "Living in an a la carte world: What European policymakers should learn from global public opinion."The survey, which was sponsored by the European Council on Foreign Relations in cooperation with Oxford University's Europe in a Changing World Project, polled at least 1,000 respondents in each of the countries that was covered. European countries surveyed included Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, and Great Britain.Besides Russia and the U.S., the "non-European" countries included China, India, Turkey, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, South Korean, and Brazil. Altogether, more than 25,000 respondents took part.The survey found a significant difference between the Western and non-Western countries regarding prospects for their respective futures. Majorities or pluralities in Western countries (and South Korea) were generally pessimistic about their countries' futures, while majorities of respondents in India (86%), Indonesia (74%), China (69%), and Russia (54%) and a plurality in Brazil (40%) expressed confidence in their own country's prospects.At the same time, however, significant majorities of respondents in five of the non-Western countries — South Korea (75%), Turkey (71%), Brazil (68%) South Africa (65%) and Saudi Arabia (62%) said they would prefer to live in the U.S. or an EU country rather than Russia or China if they were forced to choose.Majorities in the same countries plus India (80%), ranging from 50% in Saudi Arabia to 82% in South Korea, also said they would prefer their countries being part of an American bloc rather than aligned with China and its partners. A majority of Russian respondents, on the other hand, said they would choose China, while respondents in Indonesia were divided on the question.Similarly, on human rights, strong majorities of respondents in South Korea, India, Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey, as well as a plurality (38%) in Saudi Arabia, said they prefer that their country be closer to the U.S. and its allies than to China and its partners on this issue. And similar majorities or pluralities, including Indonesia (38%,) indicated a desire to be closer to the U.S. than China with respect to security cooperation.At the same time, however, Beijing's attraction as a trading partner was greater than Washington's in Russia (75%), Saudi Arabia (60%), Indonesia (53%), and Turkey (50%), while respondents in South Korea were roughly equally divided. Only respondents in India and Brazil said they leaned towards the U.S. on the question.Despite the generally pro-Western responses by non-European respondents, they appeared to share the views of Western respondents that the West was in a state of general decline. Thus, outside Europe, 41% of respondents said they believed the European Union may "fall apart" in the next 20 years — a view most strongly held in China (67%), Saudi Arabia (62%), and Russia (54%). Majorities or pluralities in the non-Western states also said they believed that democracy in the U.S. could be lost within the same time period.Views about the EU's decline appeared to be partly correlate with the view that Russia could eventually prevail in the war in Ukraine. Nearly three quarters of non-Europeans who said they believe the EU could fall apart also anticipate Moscow's victory in the war.The survey found a significant gap between U.S. and European respondents regarding Ukraine. On average, one third of European respondents and 42% of U.S. respondents said they believe Ukraine needs to regain all its territory even if it means a longer war and its attendant costs, percentages that were greater than those Western respondents who said the war should end as soon as possible, even at the cost of Kyiv giving up territory.But the dominant view in the non-Western countries is precisely that the war should end as soon as possible. Significantly, majorities in Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey and pluralities in South Africa and Indonesia believe the U.S. is "already at war" with Russia.Moreover, large majorities in China (82%), Russia (71%), and Saudi Arabia (57%), and pluralities in Indonesia (46%), South Africa (59%), Turkey (49%), and India (39%) see the U.S., EU, or Ukraine as the greatest obstacle to peace in the war.

Will the world go to Riyadh if coerced to do so by the Saudi government? With friends like Saudi Arabia, who needs enemies? Upon taking power, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was seen as a reformist, market-friendly leader able to take Saudi Arabia forward into a post-fossil fuel future. This impression has taken a big hit in recent years with the 2017 embargo on Qatar as well as the still-unresolved 2018 murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi at Saudi Arabia's Turkish consulate. Taking endless potshots at its fellow Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) members doesn't seem to be the way to signal that Saudi Arabia is open for business. More recently, Saudi Arabia has come up with its most outlandish power play yet: It has cautioned multinationals that, unless they place their regional (read: Middle East) headquarters in Saudi Arabia, they will not be able to ink government contracts. Obviously aimed at Dubai in the UAE which vastly outstrips Saudi Arabia in "ease of doing business" indicators that you would naturally think companies would gravitate to when siting regional headquarters, the outcry has been understandably strong:Saudi Arabia, in a bold and unexpected move, announced late Monday
that by 2024 its government would cease doing business with any
international companies whose regional headquarters were not based
within the kingdom.  The news has investors, bankers and expat workers buzzing — and scratching their heads.  Saudi
Arabia in recent years has pitched itself as a location for HQ offices
in its campaign to create private sector jobs and diversify its economy
as part of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's Vision 2030.But
what began as a pitch to global head offices has now become an ultimatum
for some: either relocate your headquarters to the kingdom, or lose out
on lucrative government contracts. And the move, Middle East analysts
and finance professionals say, appears to be targeted at the region's
current headquarters hub: Dubai.  Mind you, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in the embargo on Qatar. Although regional economic rivalry is expected, punching below the belt in this way over restricting government procurement lest they headquarter in Saudi Arabia is widely perceived as unfair, especially since they are all supposedly part of a customs union in the GCC:The Saudis are "trying to lure companies out of
Dubai, I expect, and elsewhere," Ryan Bohl, a Middle East analyst at
risk consulting firm Stratfor, told CNBC. One
UAE-based financier, who spoke anonymously due to having business
operations in Saudi Arabia, described the move as "clearly targeting the
UAE" and a "jab in the face" to Dubai."It's a terrible
decision," the financier, a longtime veteran of the region, added. "It's
anti-common market, it's anti-competition, and it's essentially
corporate bullying."The truth of the matter is that Saudi Arabia is a less attractive place to site your regional HQ with its more restrictive environment--economically and socially. The latter is of particular concern to Western expats:The government aims to significantly increase Saudi Arabia's current share of less than 5% of the region's HQ offices...But will that be enough to lure expats out of Dubai, where they can
drink, wear bikinis on the beach and enjoy a far more liberal lifestyle,
comparable on many levels to the West? "The lifestyle in Saudi
is not comparable," said one Dubai-based venture capitalist, speaking
anonymously due to professional restrictions. "You don't have the same
freedoms you have here — here I can go on a public beach and hang out
... Dubai is a global city, Riyadh is far from that. It lacks the
diversity that Dubai has. That's a big deal for me." Indeed, one of Dubai's allures for foreigners is its majority expat
population — 90% across the UAE as a whole. The success of Dubai's
global openness model manifests itself in numbers as well: according to
the U.N.'s trade database, the UAE in 2019 received 300% more foreign
direct investment than Saudi Arabia, despite its economy being about
half the size.And the UAE ranked 16th on the World Bank's 2020 Ease of Doing Business Index, while Saudi Arabia ranked 63rd.Speaking of government contracts, the lure is unmistakable: a supposed $220 billion that Saudi Arabia states it will spend to make Riyadh a global city (comparable to *gulp* Dubai). What's more, there are those who say Saudi Arabia is actually coming on in leaps and bounds:The Saudi government is investing $220 billion in projects aimed at
putting Riyadh in the world's top 10 city economies, and is offering
competitive tax-free salaries to employees willing to relocate there... Still, many expats who've worked in the kingdom feel differently.
"There's no doubt that Saudi will compete with Dubai," said Alex Nasr, a
consultant with several years of experience working around the country,
adding that it's already competing on the salary front. "Now
with Vision 2030 and the radical changes the nation is pushing through,
it will begin catching up on the quality of life front … as soon as the
veil is lifted on the lifestyle restrictions, the expats will begin to
pour in."

The topicality of the research is substantiated by the fact of recent global energy crisis. We analyzed trends in the processes of crisis solution that took place in domestic and global bioenergy and its impact on energy security of Ukraine. An assessment of the current state of energy security of Ukraine is conducted. The concepts of energy security solution are taken into account, based on the experience of biofuel production in the European Union. The necessity of state stimulation of agrarian business of Ukraine for the purpose of its modernization and overcoming the problems in the field of bioenergy is provided. This trend will promote the decision of economic, social, ecological problems and achievement of national strategic purposes. The objective preconditions for the development of Ukraine's agrarian business are revealed. They are aimed at formation of energy security as one of the main factors of national security. The author proposed methodological approaches which are focused on analysis of ensuring and implementing energy security in Ukraine due to the bioenergy potential of agribusiness. The research analyzes trends in the formation and development of energy security, which determine the structural and quantitative changes in the production and consumption of biofuels. The aim of the article is to reveal the main factors and trends that affect the implementation of energy security in Ukraine through biofuels, and identify in this process the key opportunities and challenges for domestic agricultural business. It is determined in the article that biomass is a promising source of energy both in the world and in Ukraine. Biomass ranks fourth in the world in terms of its energy use currently. Ukraine has seen a gradual increase in the number of facilities and installed capacity for the production of heat and electricity from biomass in recent years. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the opportunities and challenges associated with the development and modernization of agribusiness in Ukraine aimed at increasing biofuel production. The term "energy security" is described as a process of managing the national security system, in which the competent public authorities in cooperation with agribusiness ensure the transition to renewable energy sources, including biofuels, which will promote regional development and local economy through taxes and fees. Energy security at the national level will be increased through improving the trade and balance of payments by reducing energy imports. The factors influencing the formation of energy security are systematized. Prerequisites for the implementation of projects for the production of biofuels in Ukraine have been identified, which will give a positive socio-economic effect by creating new jobs, reducing tariffs for thermal energy and improving the reliability of heat supply. The research has been proved that biofuel projects already implemented in Ukraine are economically feasible. At the same time state support and promotion of bioenergy development stimulate investors and financial organizations to implement new bioenergy projects in Ukraine. ; Актуальність дослідження обумовлена тим, що на тлі світової енергетичної кризи проаналізовано тенденції процесів, що відбувалися у вітчизняній та світовій біоенергетиці та їх вплив на енергетичну безпеку України. Подано оцінку сучасного стану забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України. Висвітлено концепції вирішення енергетичної безпеки з урахуванням досвіду виробництва біологічних видів палива країн Європейського Союзу. Доведено необхідність державного стимулювання аграрного бізнесу України з метою його модернізації та подолання проблем в галузі біоенергетики, що сприятиме вирішенню економічних, соціальних, екологічних проблем та досягненню національних стратегічних цілей. Розкрито об'єктивні передумови розвитку аграрного бізнесу України для формування енергетичної безпеки як одного з основних чинників національної безпеки держави. Запропоновано методологічні підходи до аналізу забезпечення та реалізації енергетичної безпеки в Україні за рахунок біоенергетичного потенціалу агробізнесу. Проаналізовано тенденції становлення та розвитку енергетичної безпеки, що визначають структурні та кількісні зміни у виробництві та споживанні біологічних видів палива. Визначено, що біомаса є перспективним джерелом енергії як у світі, так і в Україні. Метою статті є розкриття основних факторів та тенденцій, які впливають на реалізацію в Україні енергетичної безпеки за рахунок біопалива, та визначення у цьому процесі ключових можливостей та проблем для вітчизняного аграрного бізнесу. На даний час біомаса займає четверте місце у світі за обсягами її енергетичного використання. Протягом останніх років в Україні спостерігається поступове зростання кількості об'єктів і встановленої потужності для виробництва теплової та електричної енергії з біомаси. Основною ціллю дослідження є аналіз можливостей та викликів, пов'язаних з розвитком та модернізацією аграрного бізнесу в Україні для нарощування виробництва біопалива. Охарактеризовано термін «енергетична безпека» як процес управління системою національної безпеки, за якого компетентними органами державної влади у співпраці з аграрним бізнесом забезпечується перехід на відновлювані джерела енергії, включно з біопаливом, що буде сприяти розвитку регіонів і місцевої економіки за рахунок надходження податків та зборів, а на державному рівні – покращення торговельно-платіжного балансу за рахунок зменшення обсягів імпорту енергоносіїв. Систематизовано чинники, що впливають на формування енергетичної безпеки. Визначено передумови впровадження проєктів з виробництва біопалива в Україні, що дасть позитивний соціально-економічний ефект за рахунок створення нових робочих місць, зниження тарифів на теплову енергію та покращення надійності теплопостачання. Встановлено, що проєкти з виробництва біопалива, що вже впроваджені в Україні, є економічно доцільними, а державна підтримка та сприяння розвитку біоенергетики стимулюють інвесторів та фінансові організації до реалізації нових біоенергетичних проєктів в Україні.

L'obiettivo di questa tesi di laurea è analizzare il ruolo del traduttore nel mondo odierno. Nell'era della globalizzazione, grazie al grande e rapido sviluppo delle tecnologie informatiche, aumenta sempre di più la necessità di servizi traduttivi. I traduttori hanno un ruolo molto importante nel collegamento delle lingue e culture, ma spesso sono sottovalutati. Nel corso della storia della traduzione spesso erano figure ''nascoste'', persone senza nome che hanno aperto la strada per la divulgazione delle nuove idee, del sapere e, più importante, per rendere possibile la comunicazione tra popoli diversi. Non si menzionavano i traduttori come persone essenziali nel processo della traduzione, ma hanno contribuito a rendere la traduttologia una vera e propria scienza. A dimostrazione che già nell'antichità la figura del traduttore era imprescindibile sia nella vita quotidiana che nel commercio, verrà presentata una breve introduzione sulla storia della traduzione e sul ruolo dei primi traduttori, dove bisogna accentuare la figura di San Girolamo. In seguito si affronterà il tema dello sviluppo della scienza della traduzione e i diversi ruoli e doveri del traduttore moderno, così come i problemi che deve affrontare durante il processo di traduzione. Poi sarà trattata la formazione dei traduttori, tema molto importante considerando che, seppure si traduca da secoli, la scienza della traduzione si è formata appena nella seconda metà del Novecento. Il traduttore, in quanto soggetto che collega due lingue e culture, deve avere la possibilità di formarsi bene e di potersi servire di tutti gli strumenti utili per la traduzione. Ad oggi tra gli strumenti traduttivi disponibili vi sono soprattutto dizionari di alta qualità e i cosiddetti CAT Tools che facilitano e velocizzano il processo traduttivo. Nel penultimo capitolo si parlerà dell'importanza dei traduttori nelle istituzioni europee e le competenze che devono possedere per poter tradurre gli atti legislativi nelle 24 lingue ufficiali dell'Unione europea. Si parlerà anche degli interpreti, le persone essenziali per le riunioni e conferenze nelle istituzioni europee. La tesi si conclude con un capitolo dedicato alla spiegazione degli strumenti per la traduzione assistita (CAT tools) e del funzionamento della traduzione automatica (machine translation). ; Ovaj diplomski rad analizira ulogu prevoditelja u današnjem globaliziranom i užurbanom svijetu. Iako je uloga prevoditelja izuzetno važna, prevoditeljstvo se, kao struka, često podcjenjuje ili izjednačava s nekim drugim, manje zahtjevnim strukama. Kako bih pokazala da su prevoditelji još od davnih vremena bili od neprocjenjive važnosti u svakodnevnome životu, a pogotovo u trgovanju, odlučila sam uvodno poglavlje rada posvetiti povijesti prevoditeljstva i ulogama prvih prevoditelja. Slijedi razvoj znanosti o prevođenju, a potom uloga i odgovornost suvremenog prevoditelja . U tim poglavljima se obrađuju razne uloge koje prevoditelj može preuzeti, analiziraju se njihova odgovornost i problemi s kojima se susreću tijekom procesa prevođenja. Na kraju, govori se o obrazovanju prevoditelja na europskim sveučilištima a to je stavka koju smatram izuzetno važnom jer, kao što je rečeno u uvodnom dijelu, prevodi se već stoljećima, a znanost o prevođenju službeno se na europskim sveučilištima razvila tek sredinom 20.st. Prevoditelju, kao osobi koja povezuje dva jezika i dvije kulture, mora se pružiti prigoda za kvalitetnim obrazovanjem, osiguravajući pri tome sve dostupne prevoditeljske alate. Govoreći o prevoditeljskim alatima, potrebno je naglasiti da se situacijama ovome području značajno popravila. Osim visokokvalitetnih rječnika i višejezičnih pojmovnika, danas su dostupne i prevoditeljske memorije koje prevoditelju uvelike olakšavaju posao . Rad se zaključuje poglavljem o ulozi prevoditelja u institucijama Europske unije, koje ne bi mogle funkcionirati bez prevoditelja i tumača. Ne samo da je njihova uloga od neizmjerne važnosti, već ovdje dolazi do izražaja i njihova odgovornost, naročito kod prevođenja zakonskih akata na 24 službena jezika Europske unije. ; This thesis analyses translators` role in today`s globalised and busy world. Although translators` role is of vital importance, their profession is often underestimated or compared to some other, less demanding professions To show translators` importance in everyday life through the centuries, particularly in trade, I have decided to start the thesis with the history of translation and the role of early translators. The development of translation as science is followed by the modern translators` role and responsibility. Various translators' roles, their responsibility as well as the problems they are faced with during the translation process are analysed. The paper also deals with translators` education at European universities. This issue is highly significant for the development of translation because, as stated in the introductory chapter, although people have translated for centuries, it was only in the middle of the 20th century that translation as a scientific discipline was introduced to European universities. Being a person who links not only two languages, but two cultures as well, the translator should be provided with an opportunity for quality education, having all translation tools available. When talking about translation tools, it should be highlighted that the situation has considerably improved in this field. In addition to high-quality dictionaries and multilingual thesauruses, a large variety of translation memories facilitates translators` work today. The final chapter is about translators` role in the European institutions whose operation would not be possible without translators and interpreters. Translators` responsibility is additionally stressed by the fact that they are key figures in translating legal acts into the 24 official languages of the European Union.

The role of cooperative and MSMEs in economic growth are very important. In 1998, Indonesia experienced economic crisis, the cooperative business units and MSMEs were relatively stable and able to survive compared to the large companies. According to date from the ministry of cooperatives and UMKM, in 2019 the number of cooperatives will be 126,343 units, although this number has decreased from 2014, which was 212,570 units. Seeing this certainly becomes a big hope or opportunity for Indonesia economic growth, however in general the development of cooperatives, still experiences various obstacles, especially in terms of capital and accessing capital sources. In Act no.3 of 2004, Bank Indonesian Bank policy in assisting the development of small and medium-sized businesses and cooperatives , is more about technical assistance and institutional development. The task of managing credit has been transferred to SOEs including BRI, Bank BTN and PT. Nastional Capital Madani (PNM) banks.The optimization of the role of SOEs in the development of Indonesian cooperatives is indicated to be not optimal, especially in capital finance working, in this study, the writer will focus more on the cooperative of employees in an industrial company, which is still less touched by the stakeholders until now on. (One employee cooperative of PT.Tirta Investma (AQUA), Tirta Bangun Karya Cooperative, Subang Regency, West java, the research approach is based on the basic assumptions of social science, which will be conducted by the way of researchers' analyzing of phenomenon or reality, analized by using SWOT analysis. This study aims to Provide an overview of the business cooperatives opportunities, especially cooperative employees of an industry, explaining the involvement and mengagement of stakeholders in develoving and finacing the role of industrial employee cooperatives as the main business partners of companies that shelter, For Describing the government framework in providing the recommendations to stakeholders in cevelopment programs is to support government programs in priority economic fields.From the research conducted, it can be concluded that : Government policies relatied to the development of industrial cooperatives, namely : in general, government policies in developing cooperative, as such they are independent and have been realized ate not only carried out by one or two ministry institutions but by various institutions, such as the ministry of cooperatives and MSMEs, ministries industry, ministry of trade, and BAPENAS, Bank of Indonesia, BUMN and Non Bank Finacial Institutions. Various from of support are given to cooperatives such as guidance, assistance and financing. Related to this the government always tries to facilitate cooperatives to have access to finance from financial institutions or banks and non banks. These facilities include subsidized banking credit, guarantees of non-bank institutions, financing from SEO profit allowance, grants and others.Company policy in developing employee cooperatives, namely: The company is a partner in running the company's business wheels meaning that all efforts of the company to run the business always involve cooperatives, of course, this must be bound in the MoU between the company and the cooperative both in writing. The Members of the cooperative are employees of the company in which the cooperative belongs. A PKB ( Collective Labor Agreement) was made between the union and company management which one of the contents of the collective Labor Agreement is cooperative. In the contents of the Collective Labor Agreement, there are no cooperative there are no specific regulations regarding the involvement of cooperetives as Company's partners.Banking policy in developing cooperatives, the model link program between banks and cooperative, has been running using the scheme of executing , channeling and joint finance. It is necessary to develop a model for developing the distribution of funds to cooperatives, in which to support the cooperative business with cooperative is part of the company vendor/ supplier. Banking policies in terms of cooperative business funding need to be developed softer, because in general, the employee cooperative do not have variable or large assets yet. In which this has always been a requirement of a bank in funding cooperative. A collaboration has been conducted between bank and cooperative in terms of financing cooperative members though an exceceuting system. There is no easy access to financial cooperative businesses father than the employee of finance itself.There needs a synergy between the Government- financing Institutions and cooperative companies to put coopretives as a supporter of the Indonesian economiy, as such the recommendations for the central government though the relevant ministries are signed, they should be able to pay more attenstion on cooperative for industrial employee. By issuing the relevant regulations or laws with pathnerships, between employee cooperative and company management, the local government should have the courage to issue a regulation relating partnerships between employee cooperatives and companies through related agencies, companies must create policies towards the employee cooperative as the main business partners of companies and financial institutions, especially banks must play a more active roles in communication, outreach, guidance and the realizing channeling funds to improve cooperative business units through soft funding and policies that can facilitate cooperative In obtaining funding and financial institutions must be able to run government program in terms of funding the cooperatives of industrial employee.