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The aim of this paper is to investigate policy instruments by which the persistence of inequality is affected through financial development channels in 48 African countries for the period 1996 - 2014. Financial dynamic channels of depth (money supply and liquid liabilities), efficiency (at banking and financial system levels), activity (from banking and financial system perspectives) and stability are used. Political ("voice and accountability" and political stability), economic (government effectiveness and regulation quality) and institutional (rule of law and corruption-control) governance policy instruments are also involved. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The results show that financial depth and financial stability are the best channels of reducing inequality. Moreover, the relevance of these financial channels is significantly apparent when policy instruments are exclusively governance variables. The comparative relevance of governance dynamics in the persistence of inequality is discussed. The study responds to two recent policy and scholarly challenges, notably: the persistence of inequality in Africa and the relevance of governance in addressing income inequality by means of financial access.

In this study, I look at two types of political actors commonly described as populist in literaturenamely, rightwing populists and technocratic leaders like Frances Emmanuel Macron and the Czech Republics Andrej Babi. While both types of political actors tend to emerge as a response to a decline in trust in established parties and adopt platforms with anti-establishment and monist elements, they also possess noticeably different qualities. Unlike rightwing populists, technocrats lack a distinctive ideological profile and tend to adopt more inclusive rhetoric by appealing to a broadly-defined community of people. When contrasted with supporters of rightwing populists, empirical analysis of supporters of Macrons and Babi parties shows that the two have few commonalities. Relatively few examples of such political leadership, the lack of a distinct ideological profile and the variation of their support bases suggest that one should use caution when conceptualizing technocratic populists as a distinct theoretical type.

This study aims to determine the implementation of good principles of governance in Kuantan Tengah district office, Kuantan Singingi regency. The problems found were that the district government apparatus has not been optimal in carrying out their duties. The district government was still slow in responding to community complaints, especially related to the slow processing of documents. The method of this research was descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Qualitative descriptive research is a study that aims to describe and describe events and phenomena that occur in the field Head of sub-district office Kuantan Tengah Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi and present data in a systematic, factual, and accurate manner regarding the facts or phenomena that occur in the field. Key informants consisted of 10 persons. Data collection was done by observation, interview, documentation techniques. The researcher used source triangulation to check the validity of the research data. Data analysis in this study used four components consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Base on the result of the research in the field about implementations of good principles of governance in Kuantan Tengah district office Kuantan Singingi regency can be implemented better.

Abstract The rains that fell on the city of Rio de Janeiro in April 2019 were the heaviest in decades, affecting people's lives in different ways and causing the death of ten people. In the face of the fragility of environmental governance in this region, this study sought to understand how the topic of climate change was addressed on Twitter during an extreme weather event. We performed a thematic analysis of data from tweets posted between 7 and 10 April 2019 retrieved from the Twitter API using an open source R package, yielding 375,000 tweets. Our findings highlight Twitter users' criticism of climate denial in agendas at different levels of government and suggest that new media such as Twitter open up opportunities for repoliticizing climate change and redemocratizing decision-making spaces in the face of climate injustice.

The University governance considered as one among the modern management methods that used by universities for reform of higher education. The latter aims to improve the quality of its services , where interests has increased in adopting university governance after the evolution of the adopted educational systems and the development in International University Rankings criteria. The problem of the quality of education is rightly associated with the development of the information society, in which the advanced development of public intelligence and the education system are becoming a decisive factor in the progress of mankind. Under these conditions, information acquires the greatest value and is a strategic product of states. Realizing the importance of having a quality education, most countries around the world declare this problem a national priority and a prerequisite for their own national security. Education and science, influencing all forms of organization of the macrosocial system without exception, all its structural elements, is a universal factor in the modernization of the country, its technological, military, environmental and axiological security. It is no coincidence that indicators of education and research and innovation policy in international practice have long been introduced into the system of national security parameters. The quality of education is a multidimensional model of social norms and requirements for the individual, the educational environment in which it develops, and the education system that implements them at all stages of human learning. The quality of education is assessed, first, as a social ideal of human education; secondly, as a result of her educational activities; and thirdly, as a criterion for the effectiveness of the educational system. This paper aims at presenting the theoretical framework of the university governance, highlighting some experiences of countries as being the first who applied this method. Also, it refers to the total of obstacles that faced universities when applying the governance, as well as the ways to activate this method in future. The study recommended that there is no single model of governance that is valid for all universities, and that is why every university must choose the most appropriate model for it while creating the appropriate environment for it, to ensure its effectiveness in achieving the assigned goals. ; Управління університетом розглядається як один із сучасних методів управління, що використовується університетами для реформування вищої освіти. Останній має на меті покращити якість своїх послуг, де зацікавленість у прийнятті університетського управління зросла після еволюції прийнятих освітніх систем та розробки критеріїв міжнародного рейтингу університетів. Проблему якості освіти справедливо пов'язують з розвитком інформаційного суспільства, в якому випереджальний розвиток суспільного інтелекту та системи освіти стають вирішальним чинником поступу людства. Інформація за цих умов набуває найбільшої цінності та є стратегічним продуктом держав. Усвідомлюючи важливість володіння якісною освітою, більшість країн світу оголошує цю проблему національним пріоритетом і передумовою власної національної безпеки. Освіта і наука, впливаючи на всі без винятку форми організації макросоціальної системи, на всі її структурні елементи, є універсальним фактором модернізації країни, її технологічної, військової, екологічної й аксіологічної безпеки. Не випадково показники освітньої та науково-інноваційної політики в міжнародній практиці вже давно введені в систему параметрів національної безпеки. Якість освіти – це багатовимірна модель соціальних норм і вимог до особистості, освітнього середовища, в якому відбувається її розвиток, та системи освіти, яка реалізує їх на всіх етапах навчання людини. Якість освіти оцінюється, по-перше, як суспільний ідеал освіченості людини; по-друге, як результат її навчальної діяльності; і по-третє, як критерій ефективності функціонування освітньої системи. Ця робота має на меті представити теоретичні основи управління університетом, висвітливши деякі враження країн, які першими застосували цей метод. Також йдеться про загальну кількість перешкод, з якими стикаються університети при застосуванні управління, а також про шляхи активізації цього методу в майбутньому. Дослідження рекомендувало не існувати єдиної моделі управління, яка була б дійсною для всіх університетів, і саме тому кожен університет повинен вибрати найбільш підходящу для нього модель, одночасно створюючи для неї відповідне середовище, щоб забезпечити свою ефективність у досягненні поставлених цілей.

This paper is aimed to explain the presence of marine potentials in the southern coastal area of Lebak Regency, Banten Province that have not been fully exploited. There are several potentials found in this Regency, the extensive coastline of approximately 91.42 km², and the marine resources and fisheries that could be developed. The potentials include not only fisheries and tourism but also mining. With such a high rate of development in the coastal area of Lebak Regency, it will certainly cause various problems in the region such as First, the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems in Lebak Regency; Second, the increasing intensity of environmental pollution caused by mining and extraction activities; Third, the vulnerability to natural disasters (abrasion, tsunami, erosion, climate change, et cetera); Fourth, the occurrence of area utilization conflict; and Fifth, low productivity of biological marine resources utilization. The method used in this study was a qualitative research method with in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that two issues become marine management problems in the southern coastal area of Lebak Regency, the first is environmental degradation, the second is space use conflicts, and the third is waste pollution due to organic and non-organic waste. Meanwhile, actor mapping shows that the government, in this case, the Regent as the authority in the area, has the power, influence, and interest to give input to the marine management of the Southern Coast of Lebak Regency so that it would not only increase the local revenue but also have a significant effect on the local communities, especially the fisher people and, and the environmental sustainability.ABSTRACTThis paper is aimed to explain the presence of marine potentials in the southern coastal area of Lebak Regency, Banten Province that have not been fully exploited. There are several potentials found in this Regency, the extensive coastline of approximately 91.42 km², and the marine resources and fisheries that could be developed. The potentials include not only fisheries and tourism but also mining. With such a high rate of development in the coastal area of Lebak Regency, it will certainly cause various problems in the region such as First, the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems in Lebak Regency; Second, the increasing intensity of environmental pollution caused by mining and extraction activities; Third, the vulnerability to natural disasters (abrasion, tsunami, erosion, climate change, et cetera); Fourth, the occurrence of area utilization conflict; and Fifth, low productivity of biological marine resources utilization. The method used in this study was a qualitative research method with in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that two issues become marine management problems in the southern coastal area of Lebak Regency, the first is environmental degradation, the second is space use conflicts, and the third is waste pollution due to organic and non-organic waste. Meanwhile, actor mapping shows that the government, in this case, the Regent as the authority in the area, has the power, influence, and interest to give input to the marine management of the Southern Coast of Lebak Regency so that it would not only increase the local revenue but also have a significant effect on the local communities, especially the fisher people and, and the environmental sustainability.

Responsible Research and Innovation ('RRI') is a cross-cutting priority for scientific research in the European Union and beyond. This paper considers whether the way such research is organised and delivered lends itself to the aims of RRI. We focus particularly on international consortia, which have emerged as a common model to organise large-scale, multi-disciplinary research in contemporary biomedical science. Typically, these consortia operate through fixed-term contracts, and employ governance frameworks consisting of reasonably standard, modular components such as management committees, advisory boards, and data access committees, to co-ordinate the activities of partner institutions and align them with funding agency priorities. These have advantages for organisation and management of the research, but can actively inhibit researchers seeking to implement RRI activities. Conventional consortia governance structures pose specific problems for meaningful public and participant involvement, data sharing, transparency, and 'legacy' planning to deal with societal commitments that persist beyond the duration of the original project. In particular, the 'upstream' negotiation of contractual terms between funders and the institutions employing researchers can undermine the ability for those researchers to subsequently make decisions about data, or participant remuneration, or indeed what happens to consortia outputs after the project is finished, and can inhibit attempts to make project activities and goals responsive to input from ongoing dialogue with various stakeholders. Having explored these challenges, we make some recommendations for alternative consortia governance structures to better support RRI in future.

We employ the quality of governance to study the impact oflocal institutional context on foreign subsidiaries' performance. We propose and empirically document that local institutionalquality has growth-enhancing effects on subsidiary growth. More specifically, we show that political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and rule of low are positively and significantly related to subsidiaries' output. Our finding ssuggest that, apart from resources and market considerations, institutional constructs should be included as influential predictorsin the general models investigating subsidiaryperformance. ; WOS:000508114400001 ; 2-s2.0-85078616016

The role of Rural Banks is very large in developing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. MSMEs are large absorbers of labor and play an important role in economic growth in Indonesia. Government through Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation No. 4/POJK.03/2015 obliges Rural Banks to implement Governance. Corporate Governance is an internal control system that aims to manage its significant risks to meet its long-term business objectives. This study aims to see how the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Management of Rural Banks in Sidoarjo Regency, using a qualitative approach. This research uses observation methods in the form of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a list of questions that informants need to fill in. The results showed that the observed People's Credit Banks had implemented Governance following the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation, seen from 5 pillars: Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Independence, and Fairness. The applied GCG also includes planning, management, and operational control of Rural Banks. Fulfillment of the required reports does not prevent fraud from occurring. With the implementation of GCG for Rural Banks, there is still a need for synergy between the Compliance Department and Internal Audit. As for the advice for the OJK as a policymaker, it is better to simplify the requested reports without reducing the risk of fraud so that Rural Banks can carry out their company operations optimally while still implementing good Governance, with the hope that Rural Banks can maintain Going Concern.

The role of Rural Banks is very large in developing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. MSMEs are large absorbers of labor and play an important role in economic growth in Indonesia. Government through Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation No. 4/POJK.03/2015 obliges Rural Banks to implement Governance. Corporate Governance is an internal control system that aims to manage its significant risks to meet its long-term business objectives. This study aims to see how the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Management of Rural Banks in Sidoarjo Regency, using a qualitative approach. This research uses observation methods in the form of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a list of questions that informants need to fill in. The results showed that the observed People's Credit Banks had implemented Governance following the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation, seen from 5 pillars: Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Independence, and Fairness. The applied GCG also includes planning, management, and operational control of Rural Banks. Fulfillment of the required reports does not prevent fraud from occurring. With the implementation of GCG for Rural Banks, there is still a need for synergy between the Compliance Department and Internal Audit. As for the advice for the OJK as a policymaker, it is better to simplify the requested reports without reducing the risk of fraud so that Rural Banks can carry out their company operations optimally while still implementing good Governance, with the hope that Rural Banks can maintain Going Concern.