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Across the European Union, Member States are faced with the challenge of integrating Europe's most deprived and disenfranchised minority groups. As a follow up to the EU-MIDIS II findings on Roma, this report presents FRA's findings relating to the issues of education and employment. Encouraging Roma participation in education and employment equips communities with higher incomes, better life opportunities and greater social inclusion. Tackling exclusion, discrimination and anti-Gypsyism is key to achieving this, leading to better job security, benefits and income. There are other significant indicators highlighted in this report: socio-economic factors and socio-demographic factors. Ultimately, whether Roma are in education or employment, and whether their occupations can be described as so-called "decent work", depends on a multitude of factors.

At head of title: The Carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching. ; "Consolidated bibliography": p. [538]-544. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Appendix, pp.[12]-18, contains the memorial, approved by the Commissioners of the Common School Fund and the Common Council of New York City, and the Legislature's "Act in relation to the Free School Society of New York." ; Contains arguments in explanation and support of a memorial presented to the New York Legislature by the trustees of the Free School Society of the City of New York "in relation to a proposed change of the present system of Free or Charity Schools into Public or General Schools" (p.[3]). ; Mode of access: Internet.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the European Union's strategies both set goals for solving environmental challenges faced by societies and communities. As part of solving these challenges, both the UN and the EU stress the development of entrepreneurial and innovative education. Teacher education plays a crucial role in these efforts, since teachers and teacher educators have a significant impact on educating citizens far into the future. In this research, we studied how Nordic (Finnish, Swedish, and Icelandic) primary teacher education curricula involve entrepreneurial, sustainable, and pro-environmental education. For this study, the authors analyzed the B.Ed. curricula of three academic teacher education institutions in Spring 2021. We used qualitative content analysis as our research method. According to the results, all three curricula incorporated both entrepreneurship education and sustainable development to some extent, although often not very explicitly. Given the urgency of problems such as global climate change, the educational goals and contents in these curricula related to entrepreneurial education and sustainable development are very limited. The idea of integrating environmental/sustainable and entrepreneurship education could be promoted in the future more explicitly, with these interdisciplinary educational themes emphasised more strongly in the curricula and education policies. ; Peer reviewed

The purpose of Civic Education in Lebanon includes the structure of the government and the way it functions. Isn't it civic desert? One should consider then, the meaning of civics. Civics does not focus on a course or a book, but rather on fundamental social learning. It is the need to lay the foundation for communication and critical thinking when encountering traditions in conflict with what one's own. Yet schools have their role to play, by revealing secular values, for conflict affected areas can easily regress to violence. A menu of civics implement classroom discussion of current critical events. Yet, Lebanese schools are overtaken by the baccalaureate program which hardly gives any time to controversial issues. Teachers are important elements in teaching civics. They have to believe in what they teach, display it verbally, nonverbally and add 'mindful learning'. Yet, one can visualize an array of socio-personal factors when issues are controversial, knowing that humans are resistant to change. To conclude, teaching quality in civics is to be ranked highly on the scholarly agenda and research is needed to better understand the improvement of civic education.

Should education be subsidized for the purpose of redistribution? The usual argument against subsidies to education above the primary level is that the rich take up most education, so a subsidy would increase inequality. We show that there is a counteracting effect: an increase in the stock of human capital reduces the return to human capital and, therefore, pre-tax income inequality decreases. We consider a Walrasian world with perfect capital and insurance markets. Hence, in the absence of a strive for redistribution, the market generates the efficient level of investment in human capital. When there is a demand for redistribution, the general equilibrium effects on relative wages might make a subsidy to education an ingredient of a second-best optimal redistribution policy. Stimulating human capital formation results in a compression of the wage distribution, and hence reduces the need for distortionary redistributive taxation. We also study the political viability of education subsidies.