Suchergebnisse

There is a wealth of research into time series dynamics of bureaucratic control in the federal presidential system of the US, but no equivalent investigation in unitary parliamentary systems. This article proposes an approach for measurement of the effect of political interventions on bureaucratic outputs in British politics. It throws some light on tools of bureaucratic control that are associated with the fusion of legislative and executive powers in Britain's Westminster system. In contrast to the US, political control in the form of oversight or appointments is not required because government is able to intervene directly in bureaucratic activities through legislative, executive and administrative controls. It uses Box-Tiao time series models to analyse administration of the UK asylum system by the Immigration and Nationality Directorate of the Home Office.

Cadernos de Sociomuseologia ; "Musealising hope" reflects on the trials and tribulations of an installation designed as a tribute to the struggle for survival of African peoples who dare make the long trek to Europe by sea. Its accomplishment involved a number of players whose conduct and reactions to events bear witness to the manner in which artists, the media, heads of cultural institutions, museologists, welfare institutions, and politicians cope with the phenomenon of immigration and with our present-day multicultural societies. In turn, this artistic endeavour and its symbolic signification highlight the changes which art and culture have undergone over the past few years and the kind of transformation which new inter-ethnic communities have brought to bear on concepts such as national heritage, identity or memory.

During Ronald Reagan's, George H. W. Bush's & William Clinton's terms of office a particular policy of State toward Latin America took shape in the United States. It was interrupted under George W. Bush & reappears with Barack Obama. Bearing in mind that the concept of policy of State is empirical, we can see the duration & reappearance of the fundamental traits of the United States government's behavior toward Latin America under different presidents from both political parties. Eight topics are studied: protection of human rights & defense of democracy; promotion of free trade; benevolent policy toward legal immigration; strengthening multilateral agencies; pacification in Central America; readiness to resort to the use of military force & other coercive measures; simultaneous cooperation & conflict with Cuba; & militarization of drug trafficking policy. Adapted from the source document.

Comment expliquer la vogue, en France, des «blagues belges» ? Pourquoi les Belges sont-ils la cible d'une moquerie spécifique ? L'auteur attribue cette attitude hexagonale à un déficit de francité de la part des Belges francophones, considérés comme des cousins certes bienvenus mais mal dégrossis. Faisant référence aux théories sur le rire de Bergson et de Dupréel, il s'efforce de replacer ce phénomène de portée limitée dans un cadre théorique plus général, prenant en compte les rapports historiques que le Royaume de Belgique entretient avec son puissant voisin, ainsi que les structures de stigmatisation qui concernent ces rapports, qui renvoient à la déjà lointaine immigration des Belges en France, le plus souvent des Flamands chassés par la misère, et dont le comportement et les usages linguistiques ont posé problème aux populations françaises d'accueil.

Résumé La guerre froide a permis à l'Ouest d'acquérir une dimension géopolitique. Toutefois, depuis la chute de l'Union soviétique, la relation transatlantique a perdu de son sens, la disparition de l'affrontement idéologique entre Ouest et Est a supprimé la « colle » qui a cimenté l'Ouest. Celle-ci ne repose à l'heure actuelle plus que sur un socle de valeurs, notamment libérales, et l'émergence d'un nouvel ennemi fédérateur est improbable, qu'il s'agisse du terrorisme international ou du capitalisme autoritaire. On constate également une certaine érosion de l'identité historique de l'Ouest du fait de sa démographie, avec une faible natalité et une forte immigration, générateur d'un fort nationalisme. L'Occident doit se redéfinir, et reprendre une dimension civilisationnelle et culturelle, s'il veut continuer à diriger le monde.

This article outlines research on a previous unstudied form of suffering specific to the Portugese immigrant community: problemas de nervos. Thirty-two Portuguese immigrant women (in Waterloo, ON and Boston, MA) were interviewed and each completed a questionnaire. Cluster analysis demonstrated that problemas de nervos has many meanings. The study profiled symptoms, causes and therapies associated with four variations of this culture-specific form of distress: " mal da cabeca" meaning problems with/in the head (e.g., lack of control, visions); " aflição" meaning affliction (e.g., nervous attacks, heart problems); immigration stress (causing sleep disturbances); and, conflicts with others (resulting in pressure within the body). None of the symptom clusters reported matched criteria for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, suggesting that problemas de nervos represents an idiomatic rather than universal expression of distress.

Résumé L'Allemagne accueille aujourd'hui environ le tiers de la population d'origine étrangère vivant en Europe. Si la plupart de ces immigrés ont bien réussi à s'intégrer, comme en témoignent les fonctions importantes qu'ils occupent, certains sont davantage exposés au chômage et à la pauvreté et dépendent des prestations sociales de l'État. Cette immigration contrastée a soulevé un vaste débat sur l'intégration notamment des migrants en provenance des pays musulmans. Parmi ces derniers, beaucoup sont peu qualifiés, rencontrent des difficultés quant à la maîtrise de la langue allemande. La délinquance y est plus importante que dans le reste de la population. Cependant, ce qui se perd derrière tous ces débats, c'est la réussite exceptionnelle de l'Allemagne dans l'intégration de millions de personnes arrivées depuis un demi-siècle.

This paper argues that global imbalances in current account positions are a natural consequence of globalization of financial markets and of demographic trends, particularly in Europe and in East Asia. Those societies are aging rapidly, with declining numbers of young adults. On both counts savings should be high and investment weak, resulting in excess saving. With globalization of capital markets, this excess saving will naturally seek secure investment opportunities abroad. The U.S. economy, where demographic trends are markedly different (due in part to immigration of young adults), offers a good combination of yield, liquidity, and security for this excess savings, which in time will be liquidated to finance consumption in old age. Thus the large 'imbalance' does not obviously reflect disequilibria in the world economy, but rather a current phase of intertemporal trade.

This paper considers the means through which Filipina nurses grappled with the social and political terrains of their new lives in America—as workers, women of color, and as Filipina Americans. Using the microscopic texture of one woman's oral history—that of my mother Felilia Lanete Rosas—will hopefully elucidate the macroscopic issues of immigration, social and political resistance, and race relations within and beyond the workplace. Her narrative reveals how Filipina American nurses in states such as Alabama and Texas, negotiated multiple identities, spaces, and fields of power. On the one hand her and her fellow nurses were trained professionals armed with university degrees and medical expertise. On the other hand, they were women of color whose presence was a result of America's colonial legacy in the Philippines.1

This groundbreaking volume explores the multicultural debate that has evolved in the United States and Europe since the cataclysmic events of 9/11. Instead of suggesting closure by presenting a unified narrative about cultural diversity, national identity, and social stratification, the essays in this well-balanced collection present a variety of perspectives, each highlighting the undiminished relevance of key issues such as immigration, assimilation, and citizenship, while also pointing to unresolved conflicts over universalism, religion, and tolerance. Most importantly, this volume shows that the struggle over multiculturalism is not limited to the political domain, but also has profound cultural implications. American Multiculturalism after 9/11: Transatlantic Perspectives is an invaluable, thought-provoking addition to the debate about multiculturalism as central to the study of the United States in a global context.

В данной статье исследуются некоторые аспекты крестьянской колонизации Центрального Предкавказья в последней четверти XVIII первой половине XIX вв., её причины и особенности. Автором рассматриваются правительственные меры по организации переселения крестьян в данный регион, выявляются основные колонизационные элементы, динамика численности переселенцев, места их выхода и размещения, прослеживается процесс образования новых селений.Some aspects of the peasant colonization of the Central Ciscaucasia in the last quarter of XVIIIth first half of XIXth century, its reasons and peculiarities are being analyzed in this article. Governmental endeavours to organize the immigration of peasants in the given region are being examined, the main colonization elements, the dynamics of the number of immigrants, the locations of their departure and allocation are being discovered, the process of the formation of new settlements is being traced.

In diesem Beitrag wird das aktuell diskutierte Spannungsverhältnis zwischen politisch motivierten Entscheidungen, Lehrkräfte mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte verstärkt in das Schulsystem zu integrieren, dem aktuellen Forschungsstand gegenübergestellt. In diesem Beitrag wird deutlich, dass entsprechende Strategien auf den ersten Blick plausibel erscheinen, überzeugend beworben werden und schließlich auch populär sind, aber auf den zweiten Blick letztendlich doch auch fragwürdig erscheinen. Sie basieren auf keinen Fall auf empirischen Erfahrungswissen und sollten daher in Bezug auf die zu erwartenden Effekte durchaus Zurückhaltung und, in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Disposition, mit abwartendem Optimismus bzw. Pessimismus auf längere Sicht beobachtet werden. (DIPF/Orig.). ; In German schools teachers with migration background are so far considerably underrepresented. Education policy strives to change that in the future. This move is initiated by the hope that these teachers are able to contribute to a better integration of pupils with immigration experience. Besides giving an overview of the status quo in Germany the article summarizes theoretical as well as empirical findings of American research and derives starting points for German research. (DIPF/Orig.).

Using the social capital literature as a base, we explore the issue of interaction with others on voter participation with particular emphasis on exploring the differences between Canadian-born majority, and minority residents.
We use the 2002 wave of the Equality Security Community Survey to explore the relationship between voting and personal characteristics, work characteristics, social capital attributes and ethnic characteristics. We find that the odds of voting are largely a product of socio-demographic and social capital attributes. The impact of immigration and ethnicity is largely overridden. This suggests that it is not the minority attribute that impacts voting. Rather it is age, level of schooling and level of civic engagement which affects the probability of voting, both federal and provincial.

Support for European integration is a function no longer only of `hard' economic and utilitarian predictors but also of `soft' predictors such as feelings of identity and attitudes towards immigrants. Focusing on the issue of the potential membership of Turkey in the European Union (EU), this study demonstrates that the importance of `soft' predictors outweighs the role of `hard' predictors in understanding public opinion about Turkish membership. The study draws on survey data (N = 1630) and applies a series of regression models and structural equation modelling to show in addition how the effects of utilitarian considerations are mediated through `soft' indicators, further accentuating the importance of identity considerations and anti-immigration sentiments. The findings are discussed in the light of public support for and the legitimacy of further European enlargement.