Analysis results and factual data of all factors influencing the study subject dependent variable - GDCP governance in the Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian defence systems significantly expands the research of the topic. Study presents comprehensive material as a changing security environment, changing military concept, new international security challenges, political decisions to integrate into international organizations and technological development driven changes have affected the geospatial provision in Baltic States in general, and in Lithuania in particular.
'Smart cities' has become a hegemonic concept in urban discourses, despite substantial criticism presented by scholarly research and activism. The aim of this research was to understand what happens when one of the big digital corporations enters the field of real estate and land use development and urban planning, how existing institutions respond to this, and how modes of urban governance are affected. Alphabet Inc.'s plans for Toronto's waterfront provided insights into these questions. Our investigations traced a complex web of place-making practices that involved all levels of government, the general public, and networks of actors throughout the private sector. Methodologically, the discourse was reconstructed with local fieldwork, interviews with key actors, participating in tours and public meetings, and secondary sources. It was found that Alphabet Inc.'s plan to build a world-class digital city contained some lessons for urban studies and urban planning practice. First, Alphabet Inc.'s plans, which unfolded amidst initiatives to expand the knowledge economy, confirmed concerns that the trajectory of neoliberal, market-driven land use and speculation along the waterfront remains unchanged. Second, digital infrastructures are potentially a Trojan Horse. Third, it was seen that municipalities and their modes of urban planning are vulnerable to the political economic manoeuvrings of large corporate power. Fourth, Alphabet Inc. operates as a post-political package driven by a new coalition of politics, where the smart city is sold as a neutral technology. The controversies surrounding the project, however, stirred a civic discourse that might signal a return of the political.
The global investment regime is a prime example of the so-called 'politicization beyond the state.' Investment agreements with an Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism have become contested in several corners of the globe, triggering a widespread reform process encompassing national, regional and multilateral levels. This article examines the consequences of this confluence of politicization processes, focusing on the European Union (EU) and two key venues of ISDS reform: the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). Combining different strands of politicization literature in International Relations and Political Science, the article advances a nuanced conceptualisation of the institutional consequences of politicization that goes beyond a deepening/decline dichotomy. Instead, the article examines whether and how politicization generates 'authority shifts,' either through a vertical move between international and national levels; and/or through a horizontal recalibration between public and private forms of governance. The article argues that although the EU's initiative for global ISDS reform intended to rebalance public and private authority while strengthening its international character, the on-going reform processes at the UNCITRAL and the ECT may eventually lead to a (partial) dismantling of international authority.
The influence of private actors, such as non-profit organizations (NPOs) and firms, has been increasing in disaster governance. Previous literature has interrogated the responsibilities of states towards citizens in disasters, but the roles of private actors have been insufficiently challenged. The article politicizes the entangled relations between NPOs, states, and disaster-affected people. It proposes the Rawlsian division of moral labor as a useful, normative framework for interrogating the justice of disaster governance arrangements in which 'liberal' states are involved. Liberal states have two types of responsibilities in disasters: humanitarian and political. The humanitarian responsibilities imply provision of basic resources needed for the capacity to make autonomous choices (domestically and abroad), while the political responsibilities imply provision of the institutions needed for the liberal democratic citizenship (domestically). Through this analytical lens and building on the wealth of existing scholarship, we illustrate the disaster governance role of the American Red Cross in the United States (a 2005 hurricane) and in Haiti (the 2010 earthquake). Where, in Rawlsian terms, United States is interpreted as a 'liberal' society, Haiti is framed as a 'burdened' society. The article proposes five points to consider in analyzing disaster governance arrangements under neoliberal regimes, structured around the division of humanitarian and political responsibilities. The article illustrates how NPOS are instrumental in blurring the boundaries between humanitarian and political responsibilities. This might result ultimately in actual vulnerabilities remaining unaddressed. While the Rawlsian approach challenges the privatization and lack of coordination in disaster governance, it is limited in analyzing the political construction of 'burdened' societies.
Disaster governance in conflict areas is of growing academic concern, but most existing research comprises either single case studies or studies of a variety of country contexts that group all types of conflict together. Based on three case studies, this article offers a middle-ground scenario-based approach, focusing on disaster governance in authoritarian contexts experiencing low-intensity conflict. Low-intensity conflict is characterized by intense political tensions and violence that is more readily expressed in ways other than direct physical harm. Inspired by Olson's (2000) maxim that disasters are intrinsically political, this article explores the politics of disaster response by asking what is at stake and what happened, unpacking these questions for state, civil society, and international humanitarian actors. Using data from a total of one year of qualitative fieldwork, the article analyzes disaster governance in 2016 drought-ridden Ethiopia, marked by protests and a State of Emergency; 2015 flooded Myanmar, characterized by explosive identity politics; and 2016–2019 drought-ridden Zimbabwe, with its intense socioeconomic and political turbulence. The study's findings show how framing and power processes in disaster governance—comprising state and non-state actors—largely lean toward the state, with the consequence that political interests, rather than needs assessments, steer who and what will be protected from disaster impact.
The interface mechanism in a tsunami early warning system (TEWS) occurs between receiving tsunami information at the country level and disseminating warning and evacuation orders to the public. Three crucial actions take place during the interface: issuing the warning, disseminating it, and ordering an evacuation. Using two case studies in Indonesia and Sri Lanka, a study was undertaken to understand the nature of the interface mechanism and the social, cultural and political dynamics of its operationalisation. In this article, a comparative analysis of the two case studies is presented, focusing on the role of governance, institutions and people in this interface. The nature of governance, hierarchies and structures influence the interface mechanism and the associated decision-making mechanisms. The institutions who act as key stakeholders are also shaped by the governance structures and hierarchies within it. The efficiency of the institutions is determined by the nature of their human resources and are affected by political factors. The communities are also affected by the overall governance structure, the political dynamics and the institutional factors. The complex relationships between governance, institutions and officers that exist in the two countries affect the communities in different ways. Yet, the overall governance and institutional dynamics of TEWSs lead to a common thread of decisions and actions when operationalising the interface. The results are presented in a framework that illustrates the complex relationships between governance, institutions, officers and communities. The framework provides a basis for future research on how the interface of TEWS can be operationalised to effectively protect communities at risk from tsunami.
This study explores the dynamics between disaggregated factors of governance and stock market development for the panel of selected South Asian countries (i.e., Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). Using newly developed data for disaggregates of governance with annual frequency between 1996 and 2014, this study pioneers in South Asian context. Doing so, this study incorporates dynamic panel data technique pool mean group estimation for robust and policy oriented outcomes. The empirical results show that three indicators of governance (control of corruption, accountability and rule of law) have a positive and statistically significant impact on stock market development. The results of long-run estimations are homogenous across the countries but, the short-run estimates, and the speed of adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium are found to be heterogeneous. It could be due to volatility effect of governance in each cross section country. From the policy perspective, the study concludes that the institutional quality and governance are the significant factors on market capitalization in the panel countries. The institutional factors (i.e., control of corruption, accountability and rule of law) support stock market development through high market capitalization, strengthens investor's confidence for long term investment in the countries.
The National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI) as an institution given mandate to carry out state duty in the field of archives has vision as a pillar of good governance and nation's collective memory. To implement it, the study of the grand design of the archival system arranged. That is very related to the data governance implementation. Therefore, ANRI needs to know the maturity level of the data governance function which had been held. The assessment was done by referring to the Stanford Data Governance Model. The result showed that data governance is still at an initial level. The foundational aspects are on an average of 1,2 which contains awareness, formalization, and metadata. While on project aspects are on average of 1,5 consisting of stewardship, data quality, and master data. In total, ANRI is at the level of 1,35. ANRI needs to make improvements for data management planning activities referring to Data Management Body of Knowledge (DMBOK) with a focus on people, policies, and capabilities dimensions in all aspects. This research is expected to be helpful for ANRI to make improvements corresponding to the recommendations thus ANRI could implement national data archival properly.
Analysis results and factual data of all factors influencing the study subject dependent variable - GDCP governance in the Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian defence systems significantly expands the research of the topic. Study presents comprehensive material as a changing security environment, changing military concept, new international security challenges, political decisions to integrate into international organizations and technological development driven changes have affected the geospatial provision in Baltic States in general, and in Lithuania in particular.
The article includes provisions of localself-government. In this aspect, exceptional and entrusted powers of local self-government are distinguished. Both acts of international law and domestic legislation are in a mutual comparison. Differences in terminology between Constitution of the Azerbaijan Republic and municipal legislation are noted and appropriate legal unification is being recommended. Empowering of local governments with certain state powers - is one of the forms of interaction between public authorities and local self-government, softening the rigid organizational and competency dilution between the state and local government. To avoid the blurring of the constitutional model of local selfgovernment, the issue of delegating powers to local authorities should be regulated in more detail.
The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of EU funding on regional govern-ance of Tauragė and Vilnius. The term "regional governance" is a rather new phenomenon within the governance dis-course, therefore it is significant to analyse and delve into the principles of regional governance in order to ensure the economic and social growth of regions not only within Lithuania, but also within the whole European Union (hereinafter referred to as EU). It has been established that regional gov-ernance is based on the principles of cohesion policy in Lithuania. One of the cohesion policy princi-ples is that EU provides funding to ensure economic growth and competitiveness of regions. In Lithuania, EU funding policy is implemented by the Government and ministries, which act under Regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council. Within regions, the regional governance is implemented through the adoption of regional development plans, which are affected by EU funding. The research is divided in two stages in order to elucidate and consolidate the findings. The decisions made throughout the period from 2016 to 2019 by Tauragė and Vilnius regions are analyzed in the first stage of the research, and it showed that there are challenges regarding the EU requirements for the absorption of funding. EU funding has an impact on the change of decisions made by the Development Council on the adjustment of regional programs for 2014-2020. The in-terview carried out in the second stage consolidates the findings from the first stage. It supports the fact that the regional governance in Tauragė and Vilnius is strictly formed in accordance with EU funding. The agenda and adopted decisions by regional development councils fully depend on EU funding. A drastic conclusion was reached that if EU funding was discontinued, the regional gov-ernance in Tauragė and Vilnius would cease to function.
The present objective of the study is to analyze the full exercise of human rights, in the context of the development of good governance in Mexico. This article is a qualitative research, part of a non-experimental design, at a documentary-bibliographic level. transversal. From the documentary analysis it was observed that the management of public affairs is the process through which public institutions direct matters of general interest, manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights. The question is: through good governance, are the institutions in charge of managing public affairs effectively guaranteeing human rights? It is concluded that the good management of public affairs achieves this result essentially by eliminating abuse and corruption, and paying due attention to the rule of law. The true criterion that determines whether the management of public affairs is "good" consists in the degree to which it realizes the promises of human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights ; El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general analizar el pleno ejercicio de los derechos humanos, en el contexto del desarrollo de un buen gobierno en México El presente artículo es una investigación de tipo cualitativo, parte de un diseño no experimental, bajo un nivel documental-bibliográfico trasversal. Del análisis documental se observó que la gestión de los asuntos públicos es el proceso a través del cual las instituciones públicas dirigen los asuntos de interés general, administran los recursos públicos y garantizan la realización de los derechos humanos. La pregunta es: ¿a través del buen gobierno logran las instituciones encargadas de la gestión de los asuntos públicos garantizar eficazmente derechos humanos? Se concluye que la buena gestión de los asuntos públicos logra este resultado esencialmente mediante la eliminación de los abusos y la corrupción, y prestando la debida atención al Estado de derecho. El verdadero criterio que determina si la gestión de los asuntos públicos es "buena" consiste en el grado en que hace realidad las promesas de los derechos humanos: los derechos civiles, culturales, económicos, políticos y sociales.
The article introduces the special issue by exploring the full potential of "resilience" as a governing regime of the European Union and other international institutions. Developing a more comprehensive understanding of the concept is important for three reasons. One, it gives an opportunity to see resilience not only as a quality of a system, but also as a way of thinking, and a process inherent to "the local" that cannot be externally engineered. Two, as an analytic of governance, resilience challenges the current fundamentals of top-down global governance and refocuses it on the role of "the local" and "the person" to make it more responsive to people's needs. Three, resilience cannot be understood without exploring where and how it is constituted–that is, without unpacking "the local" ordering domain to see how ontological insecurity and a sense of "good life" could contribute to the emergence of more adaptive governing systems.
The public sector and public governance play a crucial role in the contemporary society which takes care of social needs. Therefore, it is not surprising that good governance has often been used to explain good economic performance as well as the well-being of a society over the last decade. However, the business sector often represents a channel through which public governance affects economic performance, which has largely been neglected in the existing literature. In this context, not much is known about the role of public governance in promoting research and development (R&D) in the business sector in the EU. Therefore, this article aims to explain the interaction between the public and business sectors in a cross-national setting by investigating the relationship between different public governance practices and business R&D activity. The aim is to be achieved by applying a multiple regression analysis on a cross-sectional dataset of EU member countries. The empirical results show the following. First, they reveal that, in general, public administration in the EU is predominantly based on neo-Weberian state rather than New Public Management governance practices. Second, they reveal that public governance practices have important implications for business R&D activity. They show that impartiality, accountability and efficiency enhance business R&D activity in the EU, while closeness deteriorates it. The findings of the article are especially beneficial for contemporary governments and policymakers to establish appropriate public governance and policy practices in the future.
