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There is no longer any question about the relevance of the social sciences to policy formulation, particularly in the area of development. However, many questions asked by policymakers cannot be adequately dealt with by social science because of a lack of empirical data; prospective planning is also needed to anticipate future demands, thus channeling research efforts in the proper direction. The improvement of communication between the government & social scientists would generate more research projects & thus enrich the knowledge base. 3 References. S. Karganovic.

Intro -- Introduction: Spatial Synthesis in Computational Social Science and Humanities -- 1. Towards Computational Spatial Social Science and Humanities -- 2. Synthesis and Convergence -- 3. Spatial Synthesis in Humanities, Regional Science, and Urban Science -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Contents -- Part IForeword -- 1 Foreword I: Charting Computational Social Science from a Spatial Perspective -- References -- 2 Foreword II: Convergence and Synthesis -- References -- Part IISpatial Synthesis in Humanities -- 3 The China Family Tree Geographic Information System -- 3.1 Family Tree and GIS -- 3.1.1 Family Tree -- 3.1.2 GIS and Family Tree Research -- 3.1.3 Concept and Objectives of Family Tree GIS -- 3.2 A Unified Spatial-Temporal Framework for Family Trees -- 3.2.1 Why Is a Unified Spatial-Temporal Framework Needed? -- 3.2.2 How Can a Unified Spatial-Temporal Framework Be Constructed? -- 3.3 FTGIS Data Model -- 3.3.1 Content and Information of Family Trees -- 3.3.2 Overview of the Models -- 3.4 Family Tree Information Specification and Sharing -- 3.4.1 Existing Specifications Associated with Family Trees -- 3.4.2 Family Tree Information Specification -- 3.5 Mass Family Tree Information Collection -- 3.6 FTGIS Platform -- 3.6.1 Architecture of the FTGIS Platform -- 3.6.2 Functions of the FTGIS Platform -- 3.7 Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- 4 GIS for Chinese History Research -- 4.1 The Construction of Typical Geographic Information Systems for China Study -- 4.2 The Research Regarding Climate, Rivers, Hydrology and Geomorphology Through the Application of the GIS Technology -- 4.2.1 The Historical Climate Research with the GIS -- 4.2.2 The Research of Rivers and Hydrology in History Through the GIS -- 4.2.3 The Geomorphology and the Research of Environmental Changes Through the GIS.

Complaints and resistance encountered by American scholars pursuing social science research abroad can be attributed to the following clusters of attitudes: (i) the fear complex, (2) political hostility, (3) cultural sensitivity, (4) the exploitation syndrome, and (5) the saturation factor.1 In this article I shall briefly analyze these different sources of resistance, then point to changes and variations in their incidence, and finally address the question of remedies.

This book offers a synthesis of social science and evolutionary approaches to the study of intergenerational relations, using biological, psychological and sociological factors to develop a single framework for understanding why kin help one another across generations. With attention to both biological family relations as well as in-law and step-relations, it provides an overview of existing studies centred on intergenerational relations – particularly grandparenting – that incorporate social science and evolutionary family theories. This evolutionary social science approach to intergenerational family relations goes well beyond the traditional nature versus nurture distinction. As such, it will appeal to scholars across a range of disciplines with interests in relations of kinship, the lifecourse and the sociology of the family.

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