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The Claims of Common Sense investigates the importance of ideas developed by Cambridge philosophers between the World Wars for the social sciences concerning common sense, vague concepts and ordinary language. John Coates examines the thought of Moore, Ramsey, Wittgenstein and Keynes, and traces their common drift away from early beliefs about the need for precise concepts and a canonical notation in analysis. He argues that Keynes borrowed from Wittgenstein and Ramsey their reappraisal of vague concepts, and developed the novel argument that when analysing something as complex as social reality, theory might be simplified by using concepts which lack sharp boundaries. Coates then contrasts this conclusion with the view shared by two contemporary philosophical paradigms - formal semantics and Continental post-structuralism - that the vagueness of ordinary language inevitably leads to interpretive indeterminacy. Developing a link between Cambridge philosophy and work on complexity, vague predicates and fuzzy logic, he argues that Wittgenstein's and Keynes's ideas on the economy of ordinary language present a mediating route for the social sciences between these philosophical paradigms

The problem of air quality control concerns a wide range of disciplines. This introductory book explains the origin of pollutants and their dispersion and transformation in the atmosphere, describes their effects on humans, animals, plants, and objects, and presents techniques for the reduction of emissions from a variety of sources. Measuring techniques are emphasized because of their importance for the detection of pollutants and for monitoring the performance of emission control equipment. The closing chapter discusses international regulations for air quality control. For all those interested in environmental protection this book is a highly readable introduction to the field of air pollution and air quality control. It serves as a useful textbok for teachers and students, and as a reference for practice-oriented work in industry, consultancies, administration, and environmental agencies. Günter Baumbach, born in 1948, is Professor of Air Quality Control at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. His fields of research cover emission reduction for combustion processes and experimental investigations of air pollutant dispersion in urban and rural areas. He holds lectures on air pollution prevention, air quality control, and measuring techniques. Fachgebiet: Environmental Engineering Zielgruppe: Application

Barbership singing is often dismissed by its critics as merely an enjoyable hobby. Though long popular with both its public and participants, it has been relatively neglected in the field of music studies. Robert A. Stebbins demonstrates that barbershop singing is an elaborate and complicated form of serious leisure that provides its participants with distinctive lifestyles. The Barbershop Singer is a unique case study of this significant musical genre, describing the social world of the barbershop singer and exploring its appeal for both male and female singers. Robert Stebbins traces the history of barbershop singing and compares and contrasts the worlds of jazz, classical music, and barbershop as serious leisure pursuits. Stebbins also reveals its costs and rewards, its complex organizational structures, the social marginality felt by its more dedicated participants, and the main problems facing the art today. Although barbershop singing is clearly a circumscribed social world, understanding how it works expands current knowledge of the variant forms of social participation available to citizens of the modern world. The Barbershop Singer will be of interest to sociologists as well as those involved in the world of barbershop.

Vol. 1: Introduction and background. - S. 1-19. Discussion topic number 1: standards. - S. 20-45. Discussion topic number 2: agricultural trade. - S. 46-59. Discussion topic number 3: protecting vulnerable industries from threats originating within and outside the region. - S. 60-84. Discussion topic number 4: banking and monetary questions. - S. 85-102. Discussion topic number 5: the legal aspects of facilitating regional trade and investment. - S. 103-129. Discussion topic number 6: how economic experts and business leaders can work together with policy-makers to build consensus on the steps to facilitate regional trade and investment. - S. 130-142. Final session. - S. 143-155. Vol. 2: Molkner, Keith: 1. Introductory recommendations. - S. 1-2. 2. Standards as a barrier to trade. - S. 3-7. 3. Agricultural trade. - S. 8-9. 4. Protecting vulnerable industries. - S. 10-13. 5. Banking and monetary questions. - S. 14-18. 6. Legal aspects of facilitating trade and investment. - S. 19-23. 7. Strategic cooperation to facilitate trade and investment. - S. 24-26

Here is the first introductory guide to all aspects of providing legislative reference services. Unlike special libraries which deal with one specific discipline, legislative reference bureaus must deal with a full spectrum of subject areas and meet the unique needs of elected and appointed officials and their staffs. This guide helps librarians find the best current resources and services to answer the varied demands for information typical of legislative reference libraries. Legislative Reference Services and Sources facilitates the work of legislative librarians and makes them confident so that they can supply legislators and their staffs with the information needed to effectively examine, draft, or enact legislation of benefit to the public. Legislative Reference Services and Sources addresses the legislative reference services commonly provided, promotion of services, the librarian/client relationship, client expectations, the ethics of responding to certain requests, and the core resources used in legislative reference requests. It is an invaluable tool for beginning level legislative librarians, public services librarians, and state and federal agency librarians who need an introduction to this unique type of information service.

Ch. 1. Aerial views of the economy -- article 1. Gross domestic product -- article 2. More on gross domestic product -- article 3. Economic growth -- article 4. Business cycles -- Ch. 2. Jobs and wages of people at work -- article 5. Employment -- article 6. The unemployment rate -- article 7. Changing the workplace -- article 8. Human capital -- Ch. 3. Prices -- article 9. Prices and the economy -- article 10. Price changes -- article 11. Inflation -- article 12. More about inflation -- article 13. Interest rates -- Ch. 4. Households and businesses -- article 14. Personal income -- article 15. Consumer spending and saving -- article 16. Investment -- Ch. 5. Money and credit -- article 17. Money and banking -- article 18. The Federal Reserve -- article 18. Financial markets -- article 19. Financial markets -- article 20. Prices in financial markets -- Ch. 6. Government and the economy -- article 21. The business of government -- article 22. Taxes and tax burdens -- article 23. Taxes and tax reform -- article 24. Fiscal policy and government debt -- Ch. 7. International trade and finance -- article 25. Trading in the global village -- article 26. International finance

The High Road of Humanity is a cultural ethics. It is an exposition of the moral positions of the West, intended to accompany the intellectual positions of Western philosophy and society formulated in Levi's earlier Philosophy as Social Expression . In opposition to the nearly complete abstraction from actual moral life that is the common stance of the works in ethics in our time from positivism to applied ethics, Levi's aim is to take the process of moral thought back one step further from moral inquiry to its basis in the moral imagination. For Levi the moral life and moral discourse requires first of all an ideal that is shaped in the imagination, an image of the human. The seven ethical ages he discusses are the Greek aristocrat, Stoic sage, Christian saint, Renaissance prince, Enlightenment gentleman, the nineteenth-century merchant prince, and the professional man and women of today. He gathered the details of each historical figure or moral ideal and selected sculpture, paintings, and portraits to illustrate them. Levi's approach to moral philosophy is based on his lifelong study in the philosophy of culture. The foreword is by Donald Phillip Verene

Considerable effort has been made over the last ten years by such institutions as the EU, OECD, UNO and the IASC towards the harmonisation of accounting standards. It is recognised though that uniformity and true compatibility of financial instruments cannot be achieved while accounting operates in individual national economic and legal environments. A knowledge of national accounting standards and practice continues to be indispensable for the analysis of financial statements. Transnational Accounting is a unique comparative study of accounting standards of fourteen major economic powers, plus the regimes of the IASC and EU. Each chapter is standardised for easy comparison and written by a recognised expert in his or her country. The Editor, The Late Dieter Ordelheide, was Professor of Business Economics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main. This groundbreaking work enables the reader to develop a thorough practical understanding of national accounting practices and be fully at home with financial statements in an international context. Each volume includes a detailed reference matrix listing approximately 100 key accounting subjects and their treatment across all regulatory and accounting regimes.

I. Perspectives on the Development of Media and Media Research in Europe -- Development of the Media in the Nineties: What can we Learn from the Recent Past? -- Three Perspectives on Media and Communication Studies in Europe -- Media Communications: Research in Psychology, Sociology and Linguistic Conversation Analysis -- II. The State of the Art -- Media Psychology in Austria: The Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute of Empirical Media Research -- Acquisition of a Second /Foreign Language by Viewing a Television Programm -- Institutional Structures of Radio Research — The State of the Art in Germany -- Media Psychology and Media Research in East Germany: The State of the Art -- Media Research at the Independent Television Commission -- Media Research in Ireland -- Research at the Leiden Center for Child and Media Studies -- Media Psychology in Sweden and the Nordic Countries -- Children and Media Psychology in Sweden: Examples from Empirical Work -- Les Tendances de la Recherche Communicationelle en Espagne -- Some Effects of Media on Representation: A Line of Research -- III. Cooperations -- Psychology of Media in Europe: The State of the Art -- Three Proposals for Cross-National Research on Television and Children -- The Authors.

What does it mean to say that one experience is synthesized with others? This study is a speculative-exegetical Husserlian account of the ground, the mechanisms, and the results of synthesis. A detailed, rigorous and systematic analysis of Husserl's Logical Investigations, it argues that synthesizing consciousness must be a self-explicating system of interpretive acts driven by ongoing forward and backward references, grounding its structures as it proceeds and positing its origins as that which must have been given `in advance'. It thus develops a dialectical phenomenology grounded in Husserl's largely untreated category of `referring backward'. This book provides the first systematic examination of synthesis in Husserl's major early work. It offers Husserl scholars a wide range of original interpretations, on issues ranging from closed and unclosed linguistic expressions, to the indeterminacy of perspective, to the ego's return to itself. At the same time, it contributes a new model for dialogue among phenomenology, dialectics, and deconstruction, by incorporating a metaphysics of subjectivity and a structure of open-ended interpretation into a phenomenological framework

This text is an exploration of the power dimensions of participatory development and research, and an attempt to look at the shifts in power within communities and institutions which are needed for participatory ideas to be effective. The aim of the book is to connect theory and practice. It looks at the theoretical basis to participatory development work, drawing on related debates in anthropology, development studies and feminism. Case studies of participatory research techniques are drawn from sites as far apart as development theatre in Mali and video-making with homeless people in the UK. Further chapters examine the relative power of the researcher or development agent vis-a-vis the community. After reviewing participatory research and development within communities, the book extends the debate by questioning the shifts in power needed if institutions are to operate in a participatory manner. This text is intended to be of use to academics, students, and all involved with courses in development studies, anthropology and sociology. In addition it should prove useful to agencies and practitioners involved in participatory-style development or research initiatives world-wide.

Grain is one of the world's most important staple commodities and one of the most hotly contested. With ever present malnutrition and starvation in many regions contrasting with huge agricultural surpluses in richer areas, it comes as no surprise that grain features highly in both human welfare and global trading issues. In the second edition of this book, Michael Atkin examines the political and economic dynamics of the international trade, explaining to the reader how the industry works and producing an understanding of the many ironies that are apparent in the trade of this vital commodity. This edition also takes into account a number of recent developments that have affected, or promise to affect, the grain trade such as the collapse of the USSR and the completion of the Uruguay Round at GATT. The book introduces the grain market to those who have not yet made its acquaintance and makes an excellent quick reference source for the better informed, providing a comprehensive insider's view of the trade. The international grain trade is an essential desk top reference to every aspect of the market for producers, traders, brokers, institutional investors and students.

Hannah Arendt wrote that Martin Heidegger's reputation as a thinker and teacher during the early 1920s traveled throughout Germany "like the rumor of the hidden king." In The Young Heidegger, John van Buren offers a new reading of Martin Heidegger's youthful thought leading up to Being and Time (1927) and its subsequent development in his later writings. Part One deconstructs Heidegger's later autobiographical accounts of his early period, demonstrating that the philosopher's famous "turn" after Being and Time was in fact also a re-turn to his youthful thought. Part Two examines Heidegger's student years, showing the influences of Scholasticism, medieval mysticism, Neo-Kantianism, and phenomenology on his thinking during this period. Part Three focuses on Heidegger's early Freiburg period, sketching his project of demythologizing metaphysics and effecting the end of philosophy. Part Four traces the young Heidegger's anarchic, personalist formulations of his new postmetaphysical beginning. Van Buren employs Heidegger's youthful thought to work out strategies for demythologizing problematic aspects of his later thought (such as the eclipse of the personal Other, essentialism, ethnocentrism, genderism, and anthropocentrism) and to liberate its more radical countertendencies within contemporary debates

A comprehensive study of transfer of technology for deep sea-bed mining under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and the controversies that have arisen about it. The book also discusses transfer of technology in international law in general and examines developments since the adoption of the 1982 Convention. These include national mining legislations of industrialized countries, extensive work by the Preparatory Commission for the establishment of the International Sea-Bed Authority and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and the new compromise Agreement relating to the deep sea-bed mining régime adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July, 1994. The book appears at the time when the Convention enters into force (16 November 1994). It will be of interest to academic lawyers and economists with an interest in the deep sea-bed mining issue, as well as to all those in the sea-bed mining industry, in public service (governmental and inter-governmental) and in UN organizations, who are likely to get involved in deep sea-bed mining and/or transfer of technology issues

When thinking about justified criminalization - whether some action may morally be made a criminal offense - philosophers tend to rely upon `balancing'. Arguments favoring and opposing criminalization are `weighed' on a simple beam balance; the `weightier' reasons prevail. Jonathan Schonsheck argues that this methodology is deeply flawed; among other infirmities, it fosters the neglect of items essential to a defensible decision. He urges the adoption of `filtering' - a multi-step procedure which directs one to discuss the moral authority of the state, to consider measures less coercive than a criminal statute, and to investigate the pragmatic consequences of criminalization. This procedure, he argues, imposes a structure on disputes which facilitates philosophical progress. `Filtering' is then applied to an array of public policy issues, including laws which require the use of automobile seat belts and motorcycle helmets, and laws which prohibit the use of certain psychoactive substances (`drugs'). Additionally, the book addresses a number of more theoretical issues in the philosophy of the criminal law. Throughout, it engages the work of leading philosophers: Derek Parfit, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard J. Arneson, and especially Joel Feinberg