Suchergebnisse

Academic and political concern has increasingly focussed on the attitudes and dispositions of economically-marginalised, mainly white communities towards ethnic diversity and community cohesion. In particular, to what extent do extreme anti-minority protest groups, such as the English Defence League with their claims of increasing 'Islamification' within British society, speak for such broader white communities? This article presents and discusses headline findings from recent mixed methods case study research into such community attitudes and dispositions in two areas of West Yorkshire in northern England. The key findings indicate that whilst there is very little support for groups such as the EDL, their themes have significant resonance within wider white communities in the context of very weak local civil society structures. Attitudes towards ethnic diversity reflect the significant levels of ethnic segregation in some of the survey areas but also indicate a desire for improved ethnic relations and greater cross-community contact, albeit not through processes that are 'forced'.

В статье выявляются направленность, содержание и формы общественно-политической деятельности национальной интеллигенции в условиях трансформации системы общественных связей адыгского народа, связанной с включение Северного Кавказа в состав Российской империи с целью определения роли национальной интеллигенции в процессе инкорпорации региона в российское геополитическое пространство. Делается вывод о том, что хотя основным содержанием общественной деятельности национальной интеллигенции было повышение гражданского и политического статуса адыгского народа в системе российского государства, она играла объективно позитивную роль во «вписании» Северного Кавказа в российское социально-политическое пространство. ; The article gives the content and forms of the public and political activities of the national intelligentsia in the transformation of the public relations of the Adyghe. It is concluded that although the main content of the social activities of the national intelligentsia was the rise of the civil and political status of the Adyghe people within the system of the Russian state, it played a really positive role in the incorporation of the North Caucasus into the Russian social and political space.

International audience ; This chapter deals with the development of public relations (PR) as a professional field in France, from 1945 to the late 1980s. Not initially considered as a strategic management function, French PR sought to gain legitimacy in its early years, implicitly differentiating itself from the model of North-American PR by which it was inspired, through a focus on the ethical dimension of the profession and its distinction from the related professions of journalism and advertising. Professional associations reflected these concerns and played a key role in helping the profession construct its identity. Social evolutions, especially the civil unrest associated with May 1968, can also be seen to have influenced the development of PR, underlining deeper social trends and the growing need for social dialogue both within organisations and externally. Successive governments and the public sector in general also played an important role in legislating and then legitimising the profession on several occasions. By the late 1980s, the strategic dimension of the PR / communications function had become accepted in many major organisations.

When victory in the civil war (1946-49) seemed near, the Chinese Communist Party defined a first series of important directives for the future foreign policy of the People's Republic. This paper considers such directives in the tense international context which accompanied the creation of the new state, delineating in particular the complex web of relations between Chinese Communists, the Soviet Union, the United States of America, and the United Nations. During the years of the Cold War a strongly polarised world-view prevented the identification of the specific historical and even cultural choices that the Chinese made at the time; this essay tries to reconstruct these, identifying, on the one hand, roots that lie in the past, and, on the other, their continued relevance for China's foreign policy today. This essay is based, amongst other things, on the most recent and authoritative Chinese historical sources, archival sources on the US, and on historiography in both Western languages and in Chinese.

AbstractThis article examines the rise of the international refugee regime in Asia, focusing on the work of the International Refugee Organization in repatriating overseas Chinese from mainland China back to their homes in Southeast Asia from 1947 to 1956. It looks both at how the International Refugee Organization inherited this repatriation project from its predecessor—the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration—and its survival after a civil war installed a new, Communist government on the Chinese mainland. Doing so reveals the extent to which both Chinese governments had to rely on outside assistance to fulfil an important task of maintaining positive ties between Chinese abroad and the homeland. Using research from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archives in Beijing and Taipei, as well as records from relevant parties in the British and American governments, this article places the repatriation programme and the larger efforts of the International Refugee Organization in Asia in a broader context of regional foreign relations and the origins of the Cold War.

During the Malayan Emergency, British High Commissioner Henry Gurney pushed the policy of repatriating to China thousands of 'alien' Chinese detainees suspected of supporting the Malayan Communist Party's guerrilla war. This article traces the stages of this controversial policy, which, despite obstacles, remained a key counter-insurgency strategy until 1953. But the policy ignored the civil war in China and risked jeopardising Sino–British relations. When China closed its ports, the British administration put forth more desperate proposals to continue repatriation, often in the face of Foreign Office objections, ranging from negotiations with the PRC, to dumping deportees on the coast of China, and even approaching the Formosan government. Yet, while the Chinese were the target of both harsh early counter-insurgency techniques and communist violence, when the faltering repatriation policy was replaced by the mass resettlement of 'squatters' in Malaya itself, the Chinese were given a path to citizenship, changing their political future and that of the nation.

In this article, I trace the successive privatization of waste management in Bangalore throughout the last two decades. Thereby, I illustrate how the dominant mode of handling waste in capitalist societies is marked by a profound neglect of wastes' materiality. In India, an increased production and altered materiality of waste was caused by the process of politico-economic liberalization of the 1980s, which has given rise to different and at parts contradictory modes of societal handling of waste. Inherently connected to neoliberal urban reform projects, the 'modernization' of public handling of waste in Bangalore enhanced the encroachment and displacement of an enormous informalized recycling sector. This has intensified specific forms of disposability in the societal handling of waste. The resulting 'garbage crisis', which struck Bangalore in the summer months of 2012, propelled the reconfiguration of the city ?s societal waste relations. As will be argued, these changes have been long prepared by a broad alliance of waste-related civil society organizations and revealed the possible contours of a local green economy of waste.

In the years of postwar reconstruction the experience of refugees in Italy was rapidly eclipsed, both in public discourse and in the growing number of studies on war and liberation. The need for resurrection and the desire to dissociate itself, both from Fascism and from the role it played in the Second World War, led Italian society to drive uncomfortable memories into the shadows. This forgetting of the recent past in turn engendered the misleading interpretation that the end of the war represented a watershed, and this misleading interpretation has extensively affected Italian historiography for several decades. At the end of the 1980s, some of the most relevant and controversial issues surrounding the war and postwar years started to be investigated (such as the Resistance as civil war, the deportations of Jews and the Allied bombings during the Second World War), while the history of refugees has been addressed only very recently and almost exclusively in relation to the revision of the eastern Italian–Yugoslav border. Research about Displaced Persons (DPs) still lags behind.

Depuis le milieu des années 2000, plusieurs projets pilotes réussis de partenariat public-privé ont relancé des contrats de délégation du service de l'eau plus adaptés au contexte indien après l'échec de la décennie précédente. Cet article s'intéresse au premier contrat entre la ville indienne de Nagpur, et une des grandes multinationales françaises du secteur. Il pose deux questions principales : des « services urbains privatisés » peuvent-ils d'une part répondre aux enjeux d'un développement durable et équitable des services et d'autre part contribuer au développement d'un capitalisme urbain local ? L'enquête part de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les rapports de force au sein de l'entreprise délégataire sont de nature à influencer la mise en œuvre des contrats. La méthodologie choisie est donc d'ouvrir la « boîte noire » de l'entreprise pour mieux analyser l'enchâssement de l'action privée dans ses relations avec l'État et la société civile et la mise en œuvre de la responsabilité sociale d'une multinationale agissant en partenariat pour une mission de service public.

In this article, including a state of the art on Public Service Motivation (PSM) and its relationships to Affective Organizational Commitment (AOC), the interface of PSM with Organizational Behavior constructs is analyzed. Longitudinal data has been collected in the context of French local authorities at two points in time within 1 year (N 1 = 1,152, N 2 = 81). AOC and Intention to Quit Employer (IQE) at T2 are related to several antecedent variables at T1 (Intrinsic Motivation, Perceived Superior Support, Latent Conflicts and Exhaustion) but not to PSM. The hypothesis of a causal relation between PSM and positive effects is not validated. The data does not support the idea that PSM influences commitment to, or turnover in, the organization. The influence of Age and civil service grade levels (Class) in IQE is confirmed. The analysis indicates that Exhaustion and Perceived Superior Support are strongly related to IQE, which should encourage scholars and HRM professionals to enable superiors to provide support to their employees.

A bstract: Our magazine publishes a series of articles on shale gas in different countries. This article is about Germany, a main importer of Russian natural gas, so a perspective of exploitation of local shale gas resources is of a clear practical importance for Russia. We discuss external and internal factors which determine position of the German government concerning the shale gas excavation: policy of the USA and the EU, positions of German political parties, influence of the lobbying communities and civic associations. The article contains rich information on vast variety of interests of actors in the domestic discussion. Taking into account the importance of civil society for political decisions, the author rests upon public relations of big companies, their methodic and results. The article summarizes data on reserve estimation and current geological projects, as well all the officially published reports concerning environmental threats cased by fracking technology. On the base of the above analyze, the author predicts possible evolution of the federal government policy.

В данной статье рассмотрены основные концепции ученых-цивилистов о понятии суброгации страхования ответственности аудиторов. Исследованы некоторые особенности законодательства по страхованию гражданско-правовой ответственности аудиторов. Обращено внимание на современную особенность страхования ответственности аудиторов и необходимость его исследования для совершенствования страхового законодательства. Отмечен важнейший этап в динамике страхового правоотношения, каким является переход права требования от страхователя, получившего страховую выплату, к страховщику, осуществившему данную выплату. ; The article dwells on the principal concepts of scientists-civilists in reference to the notion of audior''s responsibility insurance subrogation. Some issues concerned with certain peculiarities of legislation on the insurance of auditors civil-legal responsibility have been explored. Attention is paid to a modern specificity of auditor''s responsibility insurance and to the urgency of insurance legislation improvement. The author marks the most important stages in the dynamics of insurance legal relations; the latters being a transition of the right of demand from the person who obtained insurance payment to that one who carried out the payment in question.

Dispute settlement of Industrial Relations through mediation stipulated in article 8 of the Act Number 2 Year 2004 was assisted by a mediator of manpower officials. In addition, article 9 regula-tes the qualifications of mediator. These two articles are very discriminatory as they are contrary to the fact that mediator of government officer should also be subject to the Civil Service Act. Besides, the government mediator would have superiors and subordinates according to the hierarchy of their positions. This would open possibility of intervention of the superiors that would interfere the mediator in performing his/her duties. Consequently, independent mediator would never be reali-zed. In fact, mediator is not only from government officer but also from other field such as lawyers, lecturers, National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas HAM), and any capable and non-allign-ed mediators. This would be one of solutions for the government to solve the shortage of mediators in Indonesia. Key words: mediation, mediator, law reform

During the Malayan Emergency, British High Commissioner Henry Gurney pushed the policy of repatriating to China thousands of 'alien' Chinese detainees suspected of supporting the Malayan Communist Party's guerrilla war. This article traces the stages of this controversial policy, which, despite obstacles, remained a key counter-insurgency strategy until 1953. But the policy ignored the civil war in China and risked jeopardising Sino-British relations. When China closed its ports, the British administration put forth more desperate proposals to continue repatriation, often in the face of Foreign Office objections, ranging from negotiations with the PRC, to dumping deportees on the coast of China, and even approaching the Formosan government. Yet, while the Chinese were the target of both harsh early counter-insurgency techniques and communist violence, when the faltering repatriation policy was replaced by the mass resettlement of 'squatters' in Malaya itself, the Chinese were given a path to citizenship, changing their political future and that of the nation. (J Southeast Asian Stud/GIGA)