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This book explores the role and relevance of non-state actors (NSAs) in the international system by analyzing the ways these actors gain influence in the United Nations (UN). Offering a systematic, theoretical, and empirical account of how NSAs contest and potentially change state sovereignty through the UN the author considers the successes and failures of national liberation movements and indigenous peoples and examines how and under what conditions such a challenge is possible. This book will be of great interest to scholars and graduate students in the fields of international law, politics, history, human rights, and governance. It will be especially useful to those with an interest in the proliferation of non-state actors in the international system and the role and relevance of Intergovernmental Organizations.

Examines cybersecurity for the United States Department of State's expanding OpenNet and Classified Networks. Consideration is given to the impact of e-government on security, the challenges posed by extra-agency communications, and the tradeoffs between security and usability. Problems related to slow implementation are touched on.

In Irreconcilable Differences, author David Cole speculates that Americans may be living through the beginning of the devolution of the United States - a development that may unfold after our lifetimes, although it could happen sooner. Is contemporary America an example of the Aristotelian phenomenon of "coming into being and passing away"?.

The dramatic story of Germany's attempt to rally German-Americans to its support before World War II is told with authority in this full account of the National Socialist movement in the United States. Drawing from records of the groups collectively known as the German-American Bund and a rich store of captured German documents, Dr. Diamond describes the Bund's origins and leaders, its membership and ideology.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Band, John Thomas.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Hillcrest Cemetery #006, Temple, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Smith, H.C.

Much attention was paid to the implementation of financial reforms in the Russian Empire. The most significant works include works on the history of finance. It is particularly important to emphasize the importance of research on the formation of the Ministry of Finance, which was an integral part of the financial and legal reform in the empire of the first half of the XIX century. Archaic, contradictory legal norms, lagging behind public relations, the constant growth of public debt, the absence of a single state budget, high inflation rates and a chronic budget deficit are features that characterize the financial system of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries.

AbstractThis article presents a synopsis of the contextual conditions, factors and challenges under which the recent evolution of tax systems has taken place, as an introduction to this United Nations University‐World Institute for Development Economics Research Special Issue. The article, as the studies in this collection, gives especial emphasis to the role natural endowments, political economy, social structure and history, and the interplay between politics and tax revenues. These are relevant issues, considering that the Millennium Development Goals and now the Sustainable Development Goals have placed fiscal policy, and tax policy and revenue mobilisation in particular, at the centre of national and international development efforts. Delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals will require a level of state revenue mobilisation capacity in many ways unprecedented in the history of development policy. © 2018 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introduction. The article examines the issues of the functioning of central and local government in the Muscovite state at the beginning of the 17th century, mainly during the reign of V.I. Shuisky. The study was carried out on the example of Great Perm – a region that was remote from the main military events of the Time of Troubles and had a developed system of zemstvo self-government. Methods and materials. It is based on 44 petitions of Perm. Information about them was reconstructed by the method of mutual correspondence of documents according to references in other documents of office work of the Perm order hut. This is fund No. 122 "Acts of Solikamsk" of the Archives of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Analysis. The petitions are divided into 3 groups according to their origin: laymen, officials and private individuals. Each document is given titles according to their self-designations and content. These are notification, claim, дж petitions. The circumstances of the cases in which the petitions were filed are revealed, authorship is established (on whose behalf the document came), as well as the outcome of the cases. Results. The authors of the petitions were people from different social groups: peasants, townspeople, zemstvo elders and kissers, customs deacons, yasak voguls, coachmen, merchants, priests, Cossacks or residents of Perm without indicating social status. 29 petitions were submitted to Moscow in the Nizhny Novgorod and Novgorod chetvertnoy prikaz, 15 were considered in Great Perm. For most issues, the petitioner first received a decree in Moscow, and then brought a ready-made solution for execution to Great Perm. Zemsky worlds participated in the investigation of robberies, thefts and interpersonal conflicts, but as a result, the clerks had to write a formal reply to Moscow. Thus, at the beginning of the 17th century, the Muscovite state sought to implement a model of strict centralization of power through control by the prikazes of Moscow.

Introduction. Public diplomacy is an effective foreign policy instrument of the state. Public diplomacy is understood as the activity of an actor aimed at achieving foreign policy objectives by establishing and deepening long-term interstate relations. The purpose of such activities is to inform foreign audiences as well as broadcast the principles of national policy beyond the borders of one's own state. Public diplomacy is designed to influence those who have the opportunity to shape public belief systems. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of the study was a transnational approach, which allows us to reveal the role of state and non-state actors in international relations. The work uses a systematic approach in order to form a holistic view of American public diplomacy as an instrument of "soft power." To identify the individual tools used by the United States in promoting public diplomacy in each individual Central Asian country, a comparative method was used. Analysis and results. Public diplomacy seems to be an important tool of the American administration in the most important foreign policy areas. The priority instrument of US public diplomacy in the Central Asian region is the support of civil society and non-profit organizations. Using grant support mechanisms, the role of public organizations is strengthened, and dialogue between civil society and government authorities is encouraged in the formation and development of socio-economic policy. The second relevant tool is media support and working with information consumers among various segments of the population. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that these projects were most effectively implemented in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. The third most successful tool is education, whose work is based on grant programs both in the republics and in the United States. Systematic work carried out, taking into account a deep understanding of the internal processes in the Central Asian republics as well as the active use of public diplomacy tools, allows the United States to strengthen its foreign policy potential in the region.

(For abstract of Part I, see SA 38:6/90V8121.) The emergence of the democratic, interventionist welfare state as a compromise between capitalism & the leftist impulse toward socialism is examined. The collapse of the world's socialist systems has prompted a new interventionist consensus forged by acceptance of the need for a capitalistic marketplace, on the one hand, & attempts to maximize libertarization of capitalism, on the other. It is argued that, though, neoliberal economists could offer the same criticisms of the new interventionist welfare state as those leveled at socialism, they are not prone to do so because they equate liberty with capitalist property rights, & therefore, cannot condone state intervention in the marketplace. 2 Appendixes. D. Generoli