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Debates about controversial comedy are rife in public discourse. However, despite a great interest in wider issues surrounding freedom of expression, political philosophers have had curiously little to say about comedy. This is a costly omission because in mainstream public debates, many of the worries about the potential harms of comedy are often confused or conflated, and both the defences of comedians to use controversial material and calls for censorship of such material are usually under-theorised. This paper takes a step towards correcting this oversight by explaining the potential harms of comedy and identifying who should be held responsible for these harms. By transposing existing work on hate speech, three harms of comedy are diagnosed: that it can cause status harms, that it can silence speakers, and that it can motivate violence. Using linguistic theory and the philosophy of language, the paper argues that often, it is audience members and third parties who ought to be held morally responsible for these harms, and therefore, that comedians are not usually under moral duties to modify their comedic expression, even if it is harmful.

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between racial identity and interracial dating patterns.BackgroundWe draw on multiple literatures, including research on race and interracial dating, and the importance of racial identity on well‐being and mental health outcomes.MethodUtilizing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen we assess how dimensions of racial identity predict likelihood of interracial dating for Black, Asian, and Hispanic students enrolled at elite, predominantly White institutions of higher education.ResultsMultiple dimensions of racial identity predict whether Black or Asian students have dated interracially, and Hispanic students were more likely to have dated interracially than either Asian or Black students. School‐level characteristics, like the percentage of students who are White at each school, are the most consistent predictors of interracial dating patterns.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to broader work on how interracial dating practices (in this case, specifically for college students of color) are influenced not just by the race and gender of the individuals but specifically the salience of their racial identity.ImplicationsThis study expands the potential research utility of racial identity measures and adds greater nuance to analyses of interracial relationships among emerging adults.

Michel Freitag developed a ground-breaking sociological theory synthesizing the thought of sociology's founders into the form of a dialectical sociology that conceives of the symbolic as ontological to social reality. After outlining his conceptualization of the historical evolution of society through its 'modes of reproduction', we will see how his analysis of contemporary societal transformations rests on a critical theory of communication and technology that, while entering a dialogue with the works of the Frankfurt school, especially those of Habermas, seeks to overcome their inherent contradictions. According to Freitag, the development of capitalist globalization alters the very substance of society as it tends to morph itself into a self-regulating cybernetic system. His sociology allows us to apprehend phenomena tied to the development of contemporary digital technologies such as the drive towards a new form of algorithmic governmentality fueled by digital oligopolies that increasingly dominate globalized capitalism, the rise of fake news in the era of post-truth and the transformation of subjectivity. Finally, his critique enables potent reflection on the dialectical possibilities of overcoming the dynamics of contemporary alienation.

AbstractIn this Henry Myers Lecture, I summarize several decades of collaborative research on the role of ritual in group bonding and co‐operation, ranging from psychology experiments in university laboratories to field research among indigenous groups, and from surveys with armed revolutionaries to extended interviews with religious adherents. This body of work is helping to clarify the mechanisms by which social cohesion and prosocial behaviour are generated in a variety of groups, such as mothers experiencing traumatic births, football fans suffering defeat at crucial matches in Brazil and Australia, and Muslim fundamentalists in Indonesia contemplating insults to Islam in faraway conflicts. These findings also shed light on changes in ritual life from the palaeolithic to the first farmers and from archaic states to the first moralizing religions. In keeping with the forward‐looking theme of the 2022 RAI conference, I consider the implications of these findings for various practical problems facing humanity today, such as how to reduce crime and to prevent violent extremism and how to foster more inclusive forms of leadership and motivate action on environmental issues.

The primary task for political economy of socialism was to elaborate a project of the new society. Looking forward into the future, that is positioning beyond current reality, was its mission, not a flaw, for which it is routinely blamed. At the same time, the future socialist society was thought through negation of capitalism as a system based on private property. Therefore, the theme of ownership was at the centre of the socialist project. Creating specific type of discourse was its component part. Sophistication in mastering its rules was a prerequisite of meaningful communication within this discourse. That's why the texts as artifacts of this discourse need to be deciphered today. In this paper, dealing with the history of Soviet economic debates about ownership, it is attempted to reveal most relevant, even if often implicit, meanings which leading Soviet political economists were aiming to express in their works. The authors analyse historical background of the Soviet ownership discourse, its formation in the early Soviet, as well as in Stalin's periods, competing research programmes of its transformation in the 1960s and 1970s, and its breakup at the turn of the 1990s.

Gross motor skills such as sitting, jumping, and running are activities that involve the large muscles of the human body. The Test of Gross Motor Development, or TGMD, is widely used by researchers, pediatricians, physiotherapists, and educators from different countries to assess these skills in children aged 3 to 11 years. An important part of the test is that the movement, performed by the children, needs to be recorded and assessed by two or more professionals. The assessment process is laborious and takes time, and its automation is one of the main points to be developed. In recent years, methods have been proposed to automate the assessment according to the TGMD. The hypothesis investigated in this work is that it is possible to induce a machine learning model to identify whether the movement executed by the child is correct, considering only the first criterion of the TGMD-3 jumping skill. The skeleton of the children was extracted using PoseNet. A dataset of 350 images of Brazilian children between 3 and 11 years old performing the preparatory movement for the jump was used. The experimental results show an accuracy of 84%.

The history of Christianity in Owerri area especially since 1902 after the historic Arochukwu expedition has been an impressive one. It is to be noted that this much celebrated spread of Christianity in the Igbo heartland was the hand work of mainly the Protestant missions. Yet the history of Protestant missions in the area has not received commensurable scholarly attention. This study is a systematic intent to re-examine and reconstruct the history of Protestant Christianity in Owerri area from 1902 to 1950. The study focuses on the strategies and approaches used by Anglicans and Adventists in the region to promote their particular brands of Christianity and leave their impacts amongst the indigenes. Qualitative research approach was adopted for data collection through primary and secondary sources. Data collected were analyzed using phenomenological approach. The study reveals that the Protestant missionaries had a significant impact on the daily life of the people, influencing the region's education system, economic development, health care system, human capital development through the engagement of indigenous agents, and even some of its traditional customs, and provided a platform for the expansion of Christianity in the Igbo interiors.

This study examines the urgency of implementing cash on delivery system in electronic transactions and the good faith of consumers for goods ordered using the cash-on-delivery method. The formulation of the problem discussed is what is the basis for implementing the cash-on-delivery system, and how can consumers application of the principle of good faith to the cash-on-delivery system? The research method used is normative and literature study based on primary materials (laws), secondary materials (scientific works, journals, books, documents, and other literature), and tertiary legal materials (legal dictionaries). The results of the study, namely the urgency of the payment method with Cash on Delivery (COD), are considered very important to give consumer confidence to business actors for the products ordered and make it easier for them to make payments in cash when the product is received. The principle of good faith must be obeyed when implementing e-commerce agreements, especially for consumers who take advantage of the COD feature, so as not to act arbitrarily, which harms business actors.

Welzijn op Recept is an intervention in which general practitioners refer patients with psychosocial problems to community social wellbeing organisations. The Landelijk Kennisnetwerk Welzijn op Recept asked a group of students to conduct research into the current collaboration between general practitioners and social work organisations. The research was conducted from October to December 2021. The qualitative study centred on investigating the key challenges and potential solutions related to the implementation of Welzijn op Recept, particularly focusing on existing referral and feedback systems, as perceived by various stakeholders, including General Practitioners, wellbeing coaches, municipalities, health Insurers, and providers of digital referral systems. The participants in this study were selected by the case provider. A total of 15 professionals were interviewed and semi-structured interviews were conducted. This research has shown that the interviewees experienced several bottlenecks in the current process. The results show that the largest bottlenecks currently are the need for a compatible digital referral system, a lack of familiarity and the need for building a relationship between the general practitioner and wellbeing coach

AbstractBusiness schools play an important role in making positive contributions to society. Thus, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) has placed societal impact as an expectation of all accredited schools. This article proposes an integrated multisource and multimethod approach to measure the societal impact of a business school. Using data from various sources (primary data collection via faculty survey and secondary data via faculty annual review documents) we were able to identify societal impact themes that aligned with college activities in teaching, research, and community engagement. AACSB's outlook on societal impact and the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) provided the guiding framework. We performed content analyses using DICTION software on the data to algorithmically discover the themes characterizing societal impact. To further support our data collection efforts, faculty listening sessions and discussions with unit heads were also conducted. Decent Work and Economic Growth; and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure emerged as the top two themes. Using word clouds, multiple subthemes emerged from these two overarching themes. To conclude, we discuss an approach to operationalizing these themes by quantifying societal impact in a business school.

The following research is linked to the Bryant Garth Research Observatory, created in 2020 at the Rio de Janeiro State School of Magistrates (EMERJ). The Observatory developed a data production model to guide legal public policies, with the first empirical research developed within the scope of one of its centers, the Nucleus of Public Policies and Access to Justice (NUPEPAJ), held in 2021 in the aim of investigating the impact of name and gender change on the lives of trans people. The research was undertaken by means of collecting secondary data – in court cases – and primary data – from interviews with the subjects of these cases, with the categorized and analyzed data then discussed in this work. The results suggest that gender, age group, education, and violence impact the seeking out of this service and also how a name and gender change affects expectations of a life free of violence and with more opportunities for happiness. Based on debates on transfeminism and an expanded perspective on gender, we question the limits and possibilities for a construction of emancipatory practices by the Judicial Power in dialogue with other institutions.

This work explores the emotional activation (anxiety, fear, and anger) resulting from the cognitive-emotional process related to the perception of climate change: a) when climate change is considered the result of human action (anthropogenic) and b) when climate change is considered the result of the planet's natural activity. An experimental study was conducted with 104 participants exposed to two types of messages about the causes of climate change. The results showed that exposure to the anthropogenic influence led to greater perception of threat to humans. Moreover, the participants in the anthropogenic sample expressed more anxiety and anger (negative emotions) than did the participants believing that climate change was due to the planet's natural activity. Fear was not significant. Additionally, we verified the differential role of emotions, depending on the type of future behavior intention: emotions act as mediators between the perception of future climate threats and future collective pro-environmental behavior action, while the perception of threat acts directly on future individual pro-environmental behavior intention.
Keywords: Global warming, negative emotions, threat perception, pro-environmental behavior intention.

This article aims to understand why one cohort of Australian women choose to wear anachronistic clothing, in this case, 1950s inspired and styled clothing, and more so, why they choose to wear this style of clothing as part of their everyday lives. While some wearers of anachronistic clothing, such as civil war re-creators or Jane Austen enthusiasts, dress for particular social events and revert to 'everyday' clothing in their daily lives, this research seeks to examine why this cohort of 1950s fashion aficionados maintain this aesthetic in their everyday work and social lives. The research findings are based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 27 Australian women, aged from their 20s to their 60s, living in urban and regional locations. The purpose of the project was to uncover the psychological and sociological reasons for their sartorial everyday choices. In doing so a number of issues emerged notably interpretations of what constituted 1950s styled clothing. In the discussion of the findings, it was found that the reasons for this fashion choice were complex ranging from personal, psychological, sociological, gendered, nostalgic and political reasons for adopting this style.

Since the revolt of early oral historians such as Ronald Fraser and Alessandro Portelli against the state-based practice of classical history, it has become commonplace to adopt oral history theory and methods to record the experiences of subaltern groups excluded from mainstream history. Such excluded groups are many, among them workers, ethnic minorities, and the peoples of colonised countries such as Palestine. At the time of the expulsion of the majority of Palestinians from their country in 1948 there was little support for them in world public opinion. But over time, international solidarity has grown to a point where it constitutes a serious concern for the Israeli state, as Israeli violence towards the Palestinians under its control draws increasing criticism from the international community. I write here to trace the trajectory of someone who tried to join a kibbutz in 1951 but who found herself instead teaching in the Arab world, and from there discovering the Palestinian cause through oral history work with Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. This 'self-history' may serve an historical purpose through illustrating how opinion towards an important contemporary political issue may change in an individual case.

In Vietnam, an entire multilevel governance apparatus is now engaged in furthering the climate adaptation agenda, much of it focused on the Mekong Delta. A politics of translation is at the heart of these operations, as differently situated actors reproduce, negotiate, and mobilize knowledge for adaptation in pursuit of varied objectives. In this article, I examine the role of intermediary actors that work as knowledge brokers and translators, transmitting knowledge upwards, downwards, and horizontally within this governance system, influencing adaptation practice in the process. Drawing on cross-scalar ethnographic research with Vietnamese scientists and researchers, development practitioners, agricultural extension agents, and provincial-level bureaucrats, it considers the agency these actors have in shaping the trajectory of socio-ecological change in the delta. Exploring strategies of translation and the interests they reflect, it finds that knowledge for adaptation is largely constrained by the dominant economic development agenda, where neoliberal discourses and state goals of "building socialism" intersect in defining the success of adaptation and its ideal subjects. Finally, the article identifies contestations and switch-points that occur and seeks to identify potential openings for transformative pathways to emerge.