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HERODOTUS WAS GREEK HISTORIAN WHOSE SUBJECT WAS THE RECENT PAST. PRIMARILY, HIS ACCOUNTS DEALT WITH THE REPULSION OF THE PERSIAN EMPEROR BY HIS INTENDED VICTIMS. THUCYDIDES SOUGHT TO PRESENT MORE THAN AN ACCOUNT OF THE WAR AND SAW THE EVENTS AND SPEECHES IN TERMS OF WAR IN GENERAL AND OF RECURRING HUMAN BEHAVIOR.

As they were in other East Asian countries, Joseph Needham and his monumental works were warmly received by Korean historians of science in the late twentieth century. Korean historians appreciated both Needham's pioneering research on the history of Chinese science and his praise of Korea's contribution to East Asian scientific tradition, as expressed, for example, in the addenda to volume 3 of Science and Civilisation in China. But the Koreans' praise of Needham was not unqualified. Needham's largely favorable remarks on Korean science invited criticism from several prominent Korean historians who noted many factual errors, particularly relating to Korea's priority over China in several technological inventions. They regarded those errors as indicative of Needham's deep-rooted historiographical bias, his view of Korea as a mere tributary of China's scientific tradition. But the Koreans' criticism of Needham ironically shows that they agreed with the central tenets of Needham's methodology of crediting scientific achievements to different civilizations, whereby to measure China's contribution to what Needham termed "universal modern science." The Koreans only scaled down the scope of comparison from the world of civilizations to a smaller region called East Asia, whereby to compare Korea's share with that of China. This article thus takes the Korean criticism of Needham as an illuminating case, which invites us to think over a less explored issue in the history of East Asian science: how to write a balanced history of science in a region that is characterized by a stark disparity in power, resources, and achievements between China and its smaller neighbors.

Social historians formed an important part of the Social Science History Association from its early days, and they widened its intellectual space beyond initial emphases on political history and quantitative methods. Lee Benson and other faculty at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as Charles and Louise Tilly, were particularly influential in attracting a broad mix of scholars to the group. The openness of the association and its interdisciplinarity appealed to younger scholars, and those interested in the "new urban history" were early recruits. A growing number of women, many of whom were social historians, participated in the first conventions and newly organized networks.

"Sex has no history, but sexual science does. During the late nineteenth century, people all over the world suddenly began to insist that understandings of sex must be based on science. As Japanese and Indian sexologists influenced their German and American counterparts, and vice versa, sexuality, modernity, and imaginings of exotified "Others" became intimately linked. The first anthology to provide a worldwide perspective on the birth and development of the field, A Global History of Sexual Science contends that actors outside of Europe--in Asia, Latin America, and Africa--became important interlocutors in a globalizing field where ideas were circulated through intellectual exchange, travel, and internationally produced and disseminated publications. Twenty scholars tackle specific issues, including prostitution and the criminalization of male homosexuality, to demonstrate how concepts and ideas introduced by sexual scientists gained currency throughout the modern world"--Provided by publisher.

This study about the Philosophical Portuguese Journeys to Brazil aims at expanding the theme of and the approach to the History of Science in Brazil, promoting the debate about how the work on scientific practices, techniques and representations allows the development of teaching methodologies that encompass Brazilian themes in their context. From the gathered sources, obtained from a bibliographical database of travelers, we were able to draw relationship webs linking politicians, drawers, engineers, cartographers, engravers, naturalists and the local population. In order to disclose the data, this gathered material challenged us to think about proposals of biographical writings of travelers within the virtual environment. Such framework allows our work to ensure two scales of importance, i.e., to emphasize the particular role of travelers, demonstrating singularities, and to guarantee the analysis of social contexts via interpersonal relations from a space-time perspective. Within such biographies and elaborating on the hybrid character of the genre, we defined that the formulation of micro-narratives would grant the biographical writing constructed around the travelers. The writing of short texts will basically follow the modal biography, pointing to the network of social relations of the subject, and also by the biographemes, characterized by the production of a momentary biographical impression. Through a non-linear historical process, the biographical writings and the creation of hyperlinks allow the complex nature of the relationships of that period to be reflected in the micro-narratives formulated. ; O presente trabalho sobre as Viagens filosóficas portuguesas ao Brasil no século XVIII tem o objetivo de expandir as temáticas e abordagens da história das ciências no Brasil, abrindo espaço para o debate sobre como o trabalho com as práticas, técnicas e representações científicas possibilita desenvolver metodologias de ensino que abordem temas brasileiros em seu contexto. A partir do material, retirado de um banco de dados biobibliográficos sobre os viajantes, traçamos redes de relações entre políticos, desenhistas, engenheiros, cartógrafos, gravadores, naturalistas e a população local. Para a divulgação dos dados, o material nos desafiou a pensar em propostas de escrita biográfica dos viajantes no ambiente virtual. O espaço permite que o trabalho afiance duas escalas de importância, ou seja, realce o papel particular dos viajantes, demonstrando singularidades, e garanta a análise dos contextos sociais pelas relações interpessoais na perspectiva espaço-temporal. No entremeio dos formatos biográficos e refletindo sobre o caráter híbrido do gênero, definimos que a formulação de micronarrativas asseguraria a escrita biográfica construída sobre os viajantes. A escrita de textos curtos será conduzida especialmente pela biografia modal, apontando as redes de relações sociais do sujeito, e pelos biografemas, caracterizados pela produção de uma impressão biográfica momentânea. Por um processo não-linear da História, a escrita biográfica e a criação de hiperlinks permitem que o caráter complexo das relações do período se reflitam nas micronarrativas formuladas.

What are the social sciences? What unifies them? This essay collection seeks to answer these and other important questions as it considers how the field has developed over the years, from post-World War II to the present day throughout the world. Edited by Cyril Lemieux, Laurent Berger, Marielle Macé, Gildas Salmon, and Cécile Vidal, A History of the Social Sciences in 101 Books brings together a diverse range of researchers in the social sciences to present short essays on 101 books – both renowned and lesser known – that have shaped the field, from Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947) to Michel Aglietta's Money: 5000 Years of Debt and Power (2016). While there have been surveys and intellectual histories of particular disciplines within the social sciences (history, anthropology, sociology), until now there has been no intellectual history of the social sciences as a unified whole. Far from presenting a fixed and frozen canon, A History of the Social Sciences in 101 Books offers instead a moving, multiform landscape with no settled questions, only an ongoing series of new perspectives and challenges to previously established grounding.