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Title from caption. ; Issues for Jan. 2-9, 1937 are called v. 163; Jan. 16, 1937-July 16, 1938 are published without volume numbering. ; Some numbers include supplements. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The sociological, economic, political, and anthropological literatures are devoting increasing attention to globalization. This chapter discusses the various connotations of the term and puts it in historical perspective. Existing theoretical and empirical research on globalization is organized around five key issues or questions: Is it really happening? Does it produce convergence? Does it undermine the authority of nation-states? Is globality different from modernity? Is a global culture in the making? A plea is made for a comparative sociology of globalization that is sensitive to local variations and to how agency, interest, and resistance mediate in the relationship between globalization causes and outcomes.The bulk of the earth must not only be spherical, but not large in comparison with the size of other stars.     —Aristotle (384–322 BC), as quoted by Dreyer ( 1953 , p. 118)

Introduction: science, technology, and international affairs, new perspectives /John Krige, Kai-Henrik Barth --Negotiating global nuclearities: apartheid, decolonization, and the Cold War in the Making of the IAEA /Gabrielle Hecht --Ambivalence of nuclear histories /Itty Abraham --Prometheus unleashed : science as a diplomatic weapon in the Lyndon B. Johnson administration /Ronald E. Doel, Kristine C. Harper --Politics of noncooperation: the boycott of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics /Alexis De Greiff --Exporting MIT: science, technology, and nation-building in India and Iran /Stuart W. Leslie, Robert Kargon --"An effective instrument of peace": scientific cooperation as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy, 1938-1950 /Clark A. Miller --Atoms for peace, scientific internationalism, and scientific intelligence /John Krige --Catalysts of change: scientists as transnational arms control advocates in the 1980s /Kai-Henrik Barth --Hallowed lords of the sea: scientific authority and radioactive waste in the United States, Britain, and France /Jacob Darwin Hamblin --Meteorology as infrastructural globalism /Paul N. Edwards --Globalization and regulation in the biotech world: the transatlantic debates over cancer genes and genetically modified crops /Jean-Paul Gaudillère --Biotechnology and empire: the global power of seeds and science /Sheila Jasanoff.

This literature review explains how strategies of deterrence and compellence relate to military power. Such an inquiry is relevant as much of the literature on military power diffusion focuses exclusively on military platforms and weapons systems. Hence, we advance a more political and strategic approach rather than a more technological approach while assessing military power. The article uses "costs" and "probability of success" to assess conventional deterrence. Although both compellence and deterrence are coercive strategies, they have different implications for the diffusion of military power, especially because of the costs associated with each one. We argue that countries should not replicate or pursue a carbon copy of all the top platforms and advanced weapons systems of a leading state to catch up or to deny the advantages of technological innovation. Hence, denial strategies are much cheaper than control strategies. Finally, denial strategies often result in a decrease in the probability of success in the battlefield of an expeditionary force offensive. The review concludes that military power should relate much more to deterrence than compellence, countering the conventional Dahl's notion that power is the ability of "A" to cause "B" to do something that "B" otherwise would not do. In other words, military power must be seen as "A" convincing "B" not to initiate a specific action because the perceived benefits to "B" do not justify the potential costs and risks.

Research in Social Science is usually based on survey data where individual research questions relate to observable concepts (variables). However, due to a lack of standards for data citations a reliable identification of the variables used is often difficult. In this paper, we present a work-in-progress study that seeks to provide a solution to the variable detection task based on supervised machine learning algorithms, using a linguistic analysis pipeline to extract a rich feature set, including terminological concepts and similarity metric scores. Further, we present preliminary results on a small dataset that has been specifically designed for this task, yielding modest improvements over the baseline.

The key to human nature that Marx found in wealth and Freud in sex, Bertrand Russell finds in power. Power, he argues, is man's ultimate goal, and is, in its many guises, the single most important element in the development of any society. Writting in the late 1930s when Europe was being torn apart by extremist ideologies and the world was on the brink of war, Russell set out to found a 'new science' to make sense of the traumatic events of the day and explain those that would follow. The result was Power, a remarkable book that Russell regarded as one of the most important of his long career

Arguing that the beginnings of the social sciences extend much further back than is generally realized, Lynn McDonald traces the methodological foundations, research techniques, and basic concepts of the social sciences from their earliest origins to the beginning of this century. This thorough investigation enables her to provide empirical refutation of recent radical, feminist, and environmentalist critiques that assert that the social sciences inevitably support the power relations of the status quo, are antithetical to the interests of women, and are inherently linked to the domination and destruction of nature.

The concepts of rationality that are used by social scientists in the formation of hypotheses, models and explanations are explored in this collection of original papers by a number of distinguished philosophers and social scientists. The aim of the book is to display the variety of the concepts used, to show the different roles they play in theories of very different kinds over a wide range of disciplines, including economics, sociology, psychology, political science and anthropology, and to assess the explanatory and predictive power that a theory can draw from such concepts.

The aim of the International Forum on the Social Science-Policy Nexus (IFSP) is premised on the beliefs that (1) the problems of development warrant critical attention by the social sciences; (2) the social sciences can contribute to resolving many problems of development; & (3) numerous social actors are willing to put to use insights & knowledge on development from the social sciences. These notions were taken for granted 30 years ago, but today there is much less certainty about their veracity & the intentions of policymakers. Several factors account for this disenchantment: the development project has failed to be inclusive; it has had top-down, authoritarian features; it has been imbedded in an international order of asymmetrical power; & it has been used geopolitically to manipulate people. These factors have fed doubts about researchers' capacity & morality to inform policies. They have tended to try to change the world without even understanding what they are changing or why. However, several forces have driven the need to focus on what research is needed, conducted by whom, & at the behest of whom. The major force is perhaps the belief that the social sciences really can help resolve social problems, provided that ownership of policies is returned to the countries trying to resolve them. S. Stanton

Despite broad scientific consensus that sustainable use of wildlife can enhance conservation efforts, ethical concerns have led some community groups to oppose use of wild animals. Voicing those concerns is legitimate, but underlying philosophical bias should not influence science‐based analysis and interpretation. We argue that philosophical biases are common in the scientific literature on trade in wildlife. The critically important case of bias surrounding the use of reptile leathers for luxury fashion illustrates the problem. Based on analysis of official seizures of fashion products made from wildlife, a recent study inferred that criminal activity (as inferred by noncompliance with regulations) was common and increasing and, hence, that authorities needed to adopt more stringent restrictions on the trade. In fact, the conclusions of that study are artifacts of pseudoreplication (e.g., multiple counts of single violations) and biased sampling (e.g., focus on companies with high rates of error) and run directly opposite to actual patterns in the data. As a proportion of overall trade, rates of noncompliance are exceptionally low (<0.4%), are declining, and result primarily from paper‐work errors rather than criminal intent (e.g., such errors are more frequent for goods shipped by government authorities than by the commercial fashion industry). The recommendation by the study authors to prohibit the international trade in wildlife‐based fashion products is imperiling a sustainable trade that can benefit biodiversity and people's livelihoods by providing financial incentives for conservation of species and habitats. This example offers a warning of the dangers of basing research on the wildlife trade on ethical or philosophical positions rather than objective evaluations of evidence.

• Summary: This article reviews the existing literature on power within a social work context and extends the analysis to broader sociological understandings through which to rethink the ways in which social work professionals understand and work with power within everyday practice. • Findings: The review argues that prevailing dichotomies, which feature so centrally in theoretical conceptualisations of power, offering binary positions of power as 'good or bad', 'positive or negative' and 'productive or limiting' are limiting in themselves. It is argued that power must also be recognised as a construct which operates in a synchronous way; whereby it can impact in limiting and productive ways at the same time. • Applications: To support this position, the Power-informed Practice (PiP) framework, which recognises power at the individual, professional and structural levels is offered. The utility of the framework in providing a clearer understanding of power is then presented in relation to working with children who have experienced abuse. As a tool, the framework enables social workers to structure their analysis of power within all areas of contemporary social work practice, in order to promote and support processes of empowerment.

China's emergence as a scientific power this century is impressive. Recent reforms promise to raise the country's profile in scientific research even further. Even so, China's illiberal political system complicates the country's quest for scientific leadership, particularly as efforts to increase CCP control have intensified in recent years.